嵌段共聚物PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH的多重结晶行为

通过采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)主要研究了结晶-非晶嵌段共聚物聚乙烯基环己烷-b-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH)溶液结晶样品的熔融与非等温再结晶过程.探讨了溶液结晶样品中微相分离结构的形成对嵌段共聚物受限结晶的影响,并发现样品在熔融后的非等温结晶过程中出现了多重结晶峰.通过对嵌段共聚物有序、...     

热处理对尼龙6及其与聚酰胺嵌段共聚物共混体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响

采用溶液共混-共沉淀的办法获得尼龙6及聚酰胺嵌段共聚物/尼龙6共混体系粉末,样品在260℃下熔融之后经程序降温的方法得到非淬火样品,然后分别在190℃下高温退火不同时间(0~48 h),采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜(POM)等表征手段研究热处理对体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响.结果表明,(1)在相同的热历史条件下,嵌段共聚物的存在影响了尼龙6的结晶行为及结晶结构;(2)退火处理对两种样品有着不同的影响,对于尼龙6体系,退火处理促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,大大提高样品的结晶完善程度和结晶度;对于共混体系,退火处理同样促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,同时形成新的α型和γ型结晶,体系的结晶完善程度明显提高,退火48 h后,结晶度比原始样品提高约84%.     

聚苯硫醚纤维的抗张强度与工艺和结构的关系

以熔融纺丝法制备出不同结晶度的各向同性聚苯硫醚纤维作为样品,根据密度和声速测定值确定出PPS晶相和无定形相的本征横向声模量E0⊥,c(4.40 GPa)和E0⊥,am(1.99 GPa).利用密度梯度法测定出的结晶度Xc和X-衍射法测定的晶区取向因子fc,按照Samules模型计算出不同牵伸和定型工艺下制备的PPS纤维样品的非晶区取向因子(fam),在此基础上分析PPS纤维抗张强度与牵伸定型工艺参数、结构之间的关系.结果表明,PPS纤维的最佳牵伸温度及紧张热定型温度分别在90℃和190℃附近;提高PPS纤维的牵伸温度及紧张热定型温度可以增加纤维的结晶度,在一定范围内对纤维抗张强度的增加有促进作用;但较高的牵伸温度及紧张热定型温度不利于纤维非晶区取向的提高,造成PPS纤维抗张强度降低.牵伸倍数的增加可以有效提高PPS纤维的非晶区取向程度,抗张强度也随着增加.     

乙烯共聚单体对双轴拉伸聚丙烯薄膜用树脂的结晶及拉伸性能的影响

采用热分析、光学显微镜、拉伸测试与广角X-射线衍射等方法研究了双轴拉伸聚丙烯薄膜用均聚聚丙烯(h-BOPP)与含有少量乙烯单体的共聚聚丙烯(c-BOPP)材料的熔融、结晶特性和拉伸性能.研究发现,与均聚样品相比,共聚样品的等规度低,结晶速率慢,在相同的结晶温度条件下,其半结晶时间较长.退火处理后,结晶完善程度增加,均聚和共聚样品的断裂伸长率均比其未退火处理的低.但共聚样品的结晶速率慢,经过退火处理后其结晶完善性稍低于均聚样品,所以其断裂伸长率略大于均聚样品.经过拉伸形变后,样品的结晶结构被部分破坏,取向的非晶的分子链在后续的升温过程中很容易重构为更加完善的结晶结构,由于分子链结构的差异,均聚样品的结晶重构能力更强.阐释了由于链结构的不同导致的BOPP拉伸性能和结晶性能差异的机理.     

拉伸状态下弹性聚醚酯聚集态结构和分子运动的固体高分辨核磁共振研究

用固体高分辨核磁共振碳谱方法对不同拉伸比的聚醚酯嵌段共聚物的聚集态结构和分子运动进行了研究,发现共聚物中的聚四氢呋喃(PTMO)链段在拉伸比为2 0时开始就出现结晶,且结晶度和晶片厚度都随着拉伸比增加而明显增加,而样品中未结晶部分的高频分子运动随拉伸比的变化则不明显,拉伸导致的PTMO结晶主要发生在“纯”的PTMO非晶区.通过1 H自旋扩散实验,估算出在拉伸比为4 . 0倍时,PTMO非晶区与结晶区的界面层厚度为1 .1nm ,PTMO非晶区与硬段的结晶区的界面厚度约为3 .1nm .     

尼龙1010结晶与熔融行为的研究

用DSC研究了降温速率R对尼龙10 10结晶与熔融的影响,以及室温(RT)和液氮(LN)骤冷退火样品的熔融.降温时结晶温度随R增大线性降低;T_g以上可完成结晶时结晶度相同;结晶起始温度>181℃生成的晶体有三个熔融峰,对应于环状和放射状球晶的转化与熔融;在181℃和T_g间结晶,无放射球晶转化峰;T_g下有结晶放热峰样品加热时有冷结晶发生.RT未退火样品三个熔融峰,退火温度T_α≥180℃样品两个峰,结晶度C∝T_a;LN未退火样品单一熔融峰,T_a>160℃双峰,T_a≤160℃三峰,低温峰温与C均∝T.     

聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)的等温结晶行为研究

以1,4-丁二酸、1,4-丁二醇和1,3-丙二醇为原料通过直接熔融缩聚法合成了聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS),聚丁二酸丙二酯(PPS)和聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)(PBSPS)等脂肪族聚酯.利用1H-NMR,WAXD,DSC和POM等研究了聚酯的结晶结构和结晶动力学过程等结晶行为.PBSPS的结晶晶型与PBS一致,说明只有丁二酸丁二酯(BS)单元结晶而丁二酸丙二酯(PS)单元处于无定形区.聚酯等温结晶后,在升温熔融过程中出现了多重熔融峰.分析表明多重熔融峰主要来自于聚酯升温过程中的熔融-重结晶行为.利用Avrami方程分析了聚酯的等温结晶动力学,Avrami指数n为2.2~2.8,说明聚酯等温结晶时主要以异相成核的三维生长方式进行;随着PS单元的增多,聚酯的表观结晶活化能升高,也就是说BS单元的结晶变得困难.POM观察到聚酯等温结晶时都出现了环带球晶现象,球晶形态会随着结晶温度和化学结构差异而改变.     

HE－1型催化剂异相聚合乙烯结晶性能研究 Ⅱ．超高分子量PE结晶行为

用小角Ｘ－射线散射，广角Ｘ－射线衍射，差示扫描量热法，研究了ＨＥ－１型钛系催化剂异相聚合超高分子量聚乙烯的稀溶液的结晶和熔融结晶的熔点，熔化热，结晶度，长周期，晶区厚度和非晶区厚度随分子量与结晶温度的关系，并着重讨论了熔融结晶和初生态结晶的不同过程机理，结果表明：ＵＨＭＷＰＥ稀溶液结晶的结晶度（Ｘ％），长周期（Ｌ）和晶区厚度（Ｌｃ）与分子量Ｍｗ无关，随结晶温度升高而增加，非晶区厚度（Ｌａ）与分子量     

HE－1型催化剂异相聚合乙烯结晶性能研究 Ⅱ．超高分子量PE结晶行为

用小角Ｘ－射线散射，广角Ｘ－射线衍射，差示扫描量热法，研究了ＨＥ－１型钛系催化剂异相聚合超高分子量聚乙烯的稀溶液的结晶和熔融结晶的熔点，熔化热，结晶度，长周期，晶区厚度和非昌区厚度随分子量与结晶温度的关系．并着重讨论了熔融结晶和初生态结晶的不同过程机理．结果表明：ＵＨＭＷＰＥ稀溶液结晶的结晶度（Ｘｃ％），长周期（Ｌ）和晶区厚度（Ｌｃ）与分子量Ｍｗ无关，随结晶温度升高而增加，非晶区厚度（Ｌａ）与分子量和结晶温度均无关，熔点Ｔｍ随分子量增大稍有升高．熔融结晶样品长周期与分子量无关，却和结晶温度和时间有关．其结晶度和晶区厚度随分子量增大而下降，非昌区厚度和熔点均随分子量增大而增大，初生态粉末中没发现长周期，却发现有较高熔点．     

原位聚合聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶行为

用DSC研究了HDPE与MMT负载的催化剂熔融共混和原位聚合得到的两种纳米复合材料的熔融、 结晶行为和等温结晶动力学.  结果表明, HDPE与熔融共混样品的结晶度、 平衡熔点、 球晶生长速率和结晶能力大体相同; 原位聚合得到的HDPE/MMT纳米复合材料的结晶度和平衡熔点高于纯HDPE; 在相同过冷度条件下熔融结晶速率和结晶能力低于纯HDPE, 而在相同结晶温度Tc下, 熔融结晶速率和结晶能力则高于纯HDPE.  纯HDPE的晶体生长侧向单位面积表面自由能最小, 其次是熔融共混样品, 原位聚合样品最大, 且随ＭＭＴ含量的增加逐渐升高.     

Thermal analysis of aged hdpe based composites

HDPE based composites were produced with 10-20-30 and 40% composite mass of wood fiber. The coupling agents were epolene and silane. The thermal behavior of composite samples was analyzed as a function of the coupling agent content, the exposure time and the wood fibers content by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Calorimetric curves of all samples of first and second heating shows a similar behavior. Some significant relation has been observed between the exposure time and the degree of crystallinity for the same percentage of fiber samples. A linear relation between the melting enthalpy average vs. content in cellulosic fibers is detected. Nevertheless, the fibers non-pretreated with coupling agent show a lower loss of crystallinity of the HDPE matrix at low wood fiber content (10%). A slight diminution of the melting peak temperature is detected as increasing the exposure time. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

工业用涤纶纤维的熔融行为与某些结构参数关系的研究

用ＤＳＣ法研究了国内外不同厂家生产的工业用ＰＥＴ纤维的熔融行为,其热谱表明,一般呈现熔融双峰．实验证明,双熔融峰是由ＤＳＣ过程中纤维材料中一部分热稳定性差的结构发生重排所致．结合用ＷＡＸＤ法、ＳＡＸＳ法、双折射法、密度法获得的结构参数指出,工业用纤维的熔融行为,除受晶粒尺寸、晶粒完善程度、晶粒尺寸分布等因素的影响之外,连续网的结构也起着重要作用．另外,用ＤＳＣ法测定工业用纤维结晶度的精度还有不如人意之处．     

低结晶度聚ε-己内酯电纺膜的制备及其药物控释行为

以芳氧基稀土三(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯氧基)镧(La(OAr)3)为催化剂,通过加入少量(8.5 mol%)碳酸2,2-二甲基三亚甲基酯(DTC)与ε-己内酯(CL)进行无规共聚合,成功制备了低结晶度的脂肪族内酯-碳酸酯无规共聚酯(PCD)材料,并用1H-NMR、SEC、DSC和WAXS证明了产物的结构和性能.以...     

电纺聚乙烯醇超细纤维膜的性能研究

由电纺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纤维膜,以扫描电镜观察纤维的微观形貌,用X射线衍射研究超细纤维膜的结晶行为,并测定了PVA超细纤维膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,PVA超细纤维的平均直径为(184±26)nm,超细纤维中PVA的结晶度和晶体有序程度较浇铸膜低.超细纤维膜的拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率均较浇铸膜差,吸水率在300%以上,高于浇铸膜.     

THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SEMI-CRYSTALLINE POLYAMIDES

Irradiation crosslinking of semi-crystalline polyamides was performed by high energy electronswith various dosages. It is known that the melting behavior of the polymers after irradiation is acomplex phenomenon. In company with the wide angle X-ray diffraction and DSC data of irradiatedand unirradiated polyamides it is possible to develop the local order and perfection of the crystallinitiesslightly which resulted from introduction of intermolecular crosslinking in amorphous region, incl-uding in amorphous-crystalline interface and crystalline defect regions due to irradiation. It canbe explained that slight increase of melting temperature (T_m) and heat of fusion (△H_f) with increasingdosage for both of higher crystallinity nylon 4 and nylon 6. For irradiated lower crystallinity nylons,in contrast, the T_m and △H_f decrease obviously with increasing dosage. In this case, radiation cross-linking "freeze in" the pre-existing morphology, and then the prevention for reorganization duringheating is a dominant effect. The T_m from the second melting for all of the samples were depressed,corresponding with Flory theory. Therefore the crosslinks imposed on the molecules restrainedthe molecular mobility, and that not only depresses the crystallinity but also increases the imperfec-tion of crystallites when the radiated polymer melted and then recrystallized. These are also reflectedin the depression of heat and entropy of fusion as well as the appearance of double melting peakson the DSC thermograms.     

丙酮诱导聚碳酸酯的结晶行为

在298 K, 采用液相丙酮或26.5 kPa蒸气压的气相丙酮, 对双酚A聚碳酸酯(BAPC)的液相或气相诱导结晶行为进行研究. 实验结果表明, 在诱导结晶的起始阶段, 非晶态BAPC结晶能力得到极大的提高. 气相诱导BAPC结晶的结晶速度和结晶度均低于液相诱导结晶的结果. 广角X射线衍射(WAXD)测试结果表明, 与BAPC热结晶样品相比, 丙酮液相或气相诱导BAPC结晶生成的晶体具有完善度低、晶粒尺寸小、熔点低, 而结晶度高的结构特点. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对液相或气相丙酮诱导BAPC结晶样品表面形态进行了观察, 研究了不同诱导机制下BAPC的结晶生成球晶的形态与机制.     

Morphology of polyethylene crystallized under the simultaneous influence of pressure and orientation in a capillary viscometer

The morphology of high-density polyethylene crystallized under simultaneous pressure and shear in an Instron capillary viscometer has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction. Two distinct fibrous morphologies were observed in these unusually transparent strands. The outer sheath was composed of fibers, 3000 Å in diameter, aligned parallel to the extrusion direction and apparently interconnected by a lamellar cross texture. A highly crystalline ribbon texture composed of fine fibers, 200–250 Å in diameter, dominated the inner core. Sharp-spot electron diffraction patterns obtained from these central ribbons indicated a high degree of c-axis orientation parallel to the fibers and an extended-chain crystal structure. The melting behavior of both irradiated and unirradiated strands examined by differential scanning calorimetry was consistent with the formation of two distinct crystalline morphological units.     

Untreated and alkali treated fibers from Alfa stem: effect of alkali treatment on structural,morphological and thermal features

Alfa stems are rich in cellulose and they are an inexpensive, easily renewable source of natural fibers with the potential for polymer reinforcement. However, large amounts of non-cellulosic materials, surface impurities and low degradation temperature make natural fibers less attractive for reinforcement of polymeric materials, unless they can be modified in a proper way. In this paper, Alfa stems were treated with NaOH solution with two different concentrations (1 and 5 wt%). Raw and treated stems were crushed to obtain fibers. Stems and fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, respectively. Their crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction, thermal stability by thermogravimetry and structural change by FT-IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Comparison and analysis of results confirmed some thermal, structural and morphological changes of the fibers after treatment due to removal of some non-crystalline constituents from the plant. SEM showed rougher surfaces after alkalization. FT-IR and ¹³C NMR showed a gradual improvement in cellulose level by alkali treatment with increasing NaOH concentration. The crystallinity index and thermal stability of treated Alfa fibers were also found to be improved.     

γ-辐射对聚丙烯及聚丙烯/聚乙烯共混物结晶熔融行为的影响

<正> 近年人们对于聚丙烯(PP)辐射效应的研究与日俱增,主要目的在于寻求增强PP辐射稳定性的有效途径。迄今为止文献报道的方法有:添加小分子游动剂(mobilizing addi-tives)、抗氧剂、多官能团单体等,笔者曾研究过不同晶型和含少量聚乙烯(PE)链     

Model hard segments from diphenyl methane diisocyanate and different chain extenders,and corresponding linear block polyurethanes

Model hard segments from MDI and different chain extenders have been studied by DSC. Among the studied α-ω alkane diol-type chain extenders, all giving crystalline hard segments, butane diol shows the highest melting temperature, while other types such as 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,4-benzene dimethanol, and 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), so-called MOCA, have no melting endotherm in the range 30–260°C. In addition to DSC, dynamic mechanical properties were measured on linear block polyurethanes having both hard segments and soft ones of hydrogenated 1,2-polybutadiene. The hard segments in the polyurethane chains are of amorphous structure or low crystallinity, and their high-temperature behavior depends only on their strength of interaction in the amorphous state. Accordingly, MOCA shows the highest hard-block softening temperature.