SBA-15 固载离子液体功能化脯氨酸的制备及其催化 Knoevenagel 缩合反应

 以 L-脯氨酸为原料合成了离子液体功能化脯氨酸前驱体 (IL-Pro), 并将其固载到 SBA-15 介孔分子筛上, 制得 IL-Pro/SBA-15 催化剂. 用红外光谱、热重、N2 吸附-脱附、X 射线衍射和透射电镜等手段表征了 IL-Pro/SBA-15 催化剂, 并考察了该催化剂在 Knoevenagel 缩合反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, 固载离子液体功能化脯氨酸没有破坏 SBA-15 的有序介孔结构, 但孔体积、孔径和比面表积有所下降; IL-Pro/SBA-15 的失重峰在 250~360 oC (峰值为 310 oC). 在以苯甲醛和丙二腈为底物的 Knoevenagel 反应中, IL-Pro/SBA-15 催化剂表现出较高的活性, 缩合产物收率高达 94%; 经简单分离后催化剂可重复使用 7 次以上而活性基本保持不变.     

8-羟基喹啉铜(Ⅱ)功能化SBA-15的制备、表征及催化性质

利用3-氨丙基功能化的介孔SBA-15(APS-SBA-15)作为载体, 通过C—N共价键将8-羟基喹啉铜(Ⅱ)固定到APS-SBA-15孔道中, 制备了8-羟基喹啉铜(Ⅱ)功能化的SBA-15催化剂[Cu(Ⅱ)-Q-APS-SBA-15], 并将其用于以质量分数30%的过氧化氢为氧化剂的苯酚羟化反应中. 结果表明, Cu(Ⅱ)-Q-APS-SBA-15呈现出较高的苯酚转化率和苯二酚选择性.     

氨丙基官能化SBA-15介孔分子筛的合成及催化性能的研究

以氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为有机硅源，采用共价接枝法，合成了杂化NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-SBA-15介孔分子筛，并用于催化苯甲醛与氰乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应．反应结果表明，除个别有机基团负载量较高的样品外，该催化剂对Knoevenagel缩合反应有很高的催化活性，反应75min后，苯甲醛的转化率可以达到80％以上．此外，还考察了反应温度、溶剂、反应物配比和催化剂用量对反应活性的影响，以及催化剂的重复使用情况．结果表明，反应可以在低于75℃的温和条件下进行；有明显的溶剂效应；氰乙酸乙酯／苯甲醛的摩尔比太高不利于反应的进行；反应活性不仅与催化剂上氨丙基活性中心的密度有关，而且与杂化分子筛的比表面积、孔径和孔容大小有关．催化剂在重复使用三次时，苯甲醛的转化率仍可达到60％以上．     

推荐几个有关Knoevenagel缩合反应的绿色化学实验

推荐在水、离子液体绿色溶剂中的Knoevenagel缩合反应和无溶剂条件下的Knoevenagel缩合反应 (包括常规加热、微波辐射加热和红外辐射加热条件下的Knoevenagel缩合反应 )作为大学绿色化学的基础实验。这些实验涉及了目前绿色溶剂研究的几个主要方面 ,并具有操作简便 ,重现性好等特点。对学生了解绿色化学的本质提供了一个感性认知过程。     

离子液体功能化二氧化硅催化Knoevenagel反应

在100 ℃, 无外加溶剂条件下, 离子液体功能化二氧化硅催化一系列芳醛和活泼亚甲基化合物进行Knoevenagel 缩合反应, 以高产率生成相应产物. 当反应底物为水杨醛与氰基乙酸乙酯的时候, 产物为3-乙氧基羰基香豆素, 这是水杨醛和氰基乙酸乙酯缩合关环, 再发生氰基醇解的产物. 采用离子液体功能化二氧化硅作为反应催化剂, 反应后催化剂可回收再利用.     

新型有机-无机杂化碱性介孔材料的合成——空间位阻对催化性能的影响

通过直接合成方法制备了2个二级胺功能化的SBA-15型有机-无机杂化碱性介孔材料. 粉末X射线衍射分析、氮气吸附-脱附和透射电镜表征表明, 合成的材料保持了SBA-15的有序介孔孔道结构, 而热重、红外光谱和元素分析表明有机功能团被成功引入. 在对硝基苯甲醛和丙酮的羟醛缩合反应中, 相对于一级胺功能化的材料, 二级胺功能化的SBA-15展示了极大改进的催化活性, 这可能是由于具有更大空间位阻效应的有机功能团的引入导致了碱性胺中心催化活性增强.     

Lewis-Br(o)insted复合碱性离子液体的合成及其在催化Knoevenagel缩合反应中溶剂效应的研究

合成了同时含有Lewis碱和Br(o)nsted碱的复合碱性离子液体,研究了其在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能.结果表明,它们对醛/酮与氰乙酸乙酯的缩合具有很好的催化活性.芳香醛的反应收率可达85%～99%.考察了它们催化Knoevenagel缩合反应的溶剂效应,发现质子溶剂可以促进缩合反应,这一促进作用可能是由于质子溶剂通过氢键活化反应底物的羰基而降低了反应能垒所造成的.该离子液体可以循环使用3次,反应活性没有下降.     

微波辐照合成羟基功能化离子液体氯盐中间体

采用微波辐照法合成了4种羟基功能化离子液体中间体氯化1-甲基-3-羟乙基咪唑、氯化N-羟乙基吡啶、氯化1-甲基-3-(2,3-二羟基)丙基咪唑和氯化N-(2,3-二羟基)丙基吡啶,考察了微波功率、辐射方式和辐射时间对反应产率的影响。结果表明,利用常规加热方法合成这4种离子液体中间体耗时长达24～96h,而用微波方法只需110～390s,反应时间大大缩短,同时微波方法较常规加热方法产率也略有提高。     

TEPA功能化SBA-15的CO_2吸附性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,P123为模板剂,通过加入适量HAc及调整反应体系pH方式,采用水热及萃取法合成表面羟基含量较高的介孔SBA-15材料.以不同含量四乙烯五胺(TEPA)对SBA-15进行功能化,获得氨基功能化介孔SBA-15材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸-脱附、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、元素分析等手段对材料结构性能进行表征.以不同含量TEPA功能化介孔SBA-15为吸附剂,对CO_2进行吸附,考察了吸附温度、CO_2浓度、水等对吸附效率的影响.实验结果表明,常温、常压下30%TEPA功能化介孔SBA-15的CO_2吸附量最高,且重复使用性能良好.     

SBA-15负载的Cu(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物催化的苯乙烯氧化反应制备苯甲醛

采用一步法将原硅酸四乙酯与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在表面活性剂P123作用下,酸性共水解制备出氨基功能化的介孔分子筛SBA-15(NH2-SBA-15),再利用其中氨基与水杨醛的缩合反应制备SBA-15固载的席夫碱,该席夫碱与Cu(NO3)2溶液反应最终制成固定于SBA-15的Cu(II)席夫碱配合物多相催化剂Cu-SBA-15.采用X射线衍射、红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计、场发射电镜、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附、元素分析、原子发射光谱和热重分析对催化剂进行了表征,并将此催化剂用于无有机溶剂条件下催化氧化苯乙烯制备苯甲醛,考察了反应时间、反应温度、H2O2用量、水的用量、催化剂用量对反应的影响.当反应温度为100°C,反应时间8 h,H2O2与苯乙烯的摩尔比为2:1,不额外添加溶剂,且催化剂用量为3.8 wt%时,苯乙烯的转化率最高为84.4%,苯甲醛选择性为83.9%,催化剂的TOF值为261.1 h–1,并且重复使用3次后活性没有明显下降.规则的孔道、较大的比表面积以及分布均匀的活性中心可能是催化剂活性提高的原因.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.