混沌系统的时间延迟同步误差分析

对Pecora和Carroll的混沌自同步方案的延迟同步误差进行了研究.在计算机上对Lorenz混沌系统伪装的延迟同步误差进行了模拟:给定系统参数,对应不同延迟时间,得出了均方误差与采样步长的关系曲线;给定系统参数和延迟时间,对应不同采样步长,得到了混沌时间序列的误差曲线;给定采样步长,对应不同的系统参数,获得了混沌时间序列的尺度效应和均方误差与采样步长的关系曲线.提出了减小延迟同步误差的一些方法,得到一些对混沌同步和混沌控制应用有意义的结果. 关键词： 混沌同步 时间同步 误差分析     

光纤传输系统数值模拟中光纤节长度和步长的选取

随着光纤传输系统中传输速率逐渐提高,必须要考虑光纤传输系统中的偏振模色散。光纤传输模型用非线性薛定谔方程描述,利用分步傅立叶方法可计算光脉冲在光纤中的传输。分析了考虑偏振模色散时,不同光纤节长度和步长的选取对仿真结果的影响。     

混沌系统中可预报性的研究

针对简化的气候模式、Rossler吸引子和超混沌系统,进一步阐明了不确定原理,在数值求解时由于计算机固有精度而引起的舍入误差,造成对解的不确定性,存在最优步长和最大有效计算时间.运用自忆性原理,导出了各混沌系统的自忆性方程,取最优步长时,其预报性能有明显的改善 关键词： 自忆性 不确定原理 最优步长     

时变向量场中特殊轨迹的计算

通过考察特殊双曲轨迹的定义和已有的相空间度量函数,给出在扩展相空间中的度量函数.由于已有算法在计算过程中保持精度不变,造成对于高精度要求的情况计算量大,收敛效率低,故提出一种变步长收敛算法.利用瞬时驻点轨迹估计数值计算的初始区域,采用变步长网格提高计算效率.经过理论推导和实验分析,给出关键参数的最优取值范围.在二维和三维达芬系统上进行测试.实验表明,扩展相空间中的度量函数具有更好的平滑收敛性和稳定性;变步长收敛算法对于高精度计算具有高效性.     

非线性薛定谔方程的多模局部误差计算准则

提出三种求解多模光纤非线性传输方程的误差估计准则—max,sum,ave准则,将多模误差向量转换为误差标量,基于对称分步傅里叶的局部误差法实现多模传输自适应步长统一变化.通过仿真高斯脉冲在渐变折射率多模光纤中的传输,验证了定变步长方法在不同准则下局部误差与全局误差的性能.实验结果表明三种准则的变步长算法都具有收敛性,且利用sum准则计算局部误差控制步长变化,在相同计算量的情况下能得到更高的数值精度,相同全局误差的情况下计算量相对更少,对进一步提高多模非线性传输方程的计算效率有参考意义.     

库仑碰撞截面在等离子体粒子模拟中的应用

在等离子体粒子模拟中,TA模型和NanBu模型被广泛用于处理库仑碰撞,这两种模型要求每个时间步长内全部粒子参与计算。为了降低参与碰撞的粒子数,提高库仑碰撞的计算效率,提出了一种基于截面的库仑碰撞模拟方法,并给出了库仑碰撞概率的计算公式。采用该方法对不同温度不同密度电子气的弛豫过程进行模拟,分别对比了电子速度分布函数、电子温度以及电子x、y方向上的温度与电子温度之比的模拟值与理论值,验证了该方法的准确性。在相同的小时间步长上,该方法相比TA模型计算效率提升可达40%以上。对于较大的时间步长,该方法仍能得到与理论解近似的模拟结果,相比Nanbu模型,在相同的精度下可取更大的时间步长,计算效率也有所提升。研究表明,该方法同样适用于电子-离子碰撞。因此在提高库仑碰撞计算效率上,该方法具有碰撞粒子数少以及适用于大时间步长的优势。     

基于自适应ICA的PDM-CO-OFDM系统信道均衡算法

基于独立成分分析法(ICA)能够实现偏振复用相干光正交频分复用(PDM-CO-OFDM)系统的盲信道均衡,与基于导频的信道均衡方法相比,能极大提高系统的频谱利用率。然而这种固定步长的ICA算法对每个子载波采用迭代算法来计算信道频率响应分离矩阵,需要经过几十次迭代才能收敛。为有效降低该算法的计算复杂度,提出一种基于自适应步长ICA的盲信道均衡算法,采用自适应分离步长提高迭代算法的收敛速度。基于100 Gb/s 16进制正交振幅调制(16 QAM)PDM-CO-OFDM系统,仿真实验表明该自适应算法的系统误码率性能优于固定步长ICA算法的结果,且收敛速度提高5倍以上,能够用于未来高速PDM-CO-OFDM系统接收端进行高效信道均衡。     

多年冻土区埋地输油管道热力影响研究

基于冻土区土壤带相变的传热过程建立了埋地管道周围土壤温度场的二维计算模型,采用数值方法对其进行了求解,并模拟了在不同油温、不同保温层厚度与不同土壤含水量等因素影响下管道运营期内管道周围土壤的温度变化。研究结果表明,采用等效热容法能较好地处理冻土相变问题并能有效地应用于埋地管道周围土壤所受热力影响的计算,能够为预测管道运营期内周围土壤的融化范围提供技术支持。     

二维三温流体力学计算中时间步长的自动控制

研究了二维三温流体力学计算中时间步长的控制问题,提出了控制时间步长的多种约束条件:既考虑了显式流体力学离散方程的CFL(Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy)条件,又考虑了隐式三温能量方程温度的相对变化,还考虑了Lagrange网格密度(或体积)的相对变化以及三温能量方程的迭代次数等.在计算过程中这些约束条件可以随时自动地改变时间步长,以最经济和合理的时间步长完成计算.最后给出了数值实验结果.     

HL-2M 装置烘烤系统管路应力的仿真分析与优化

根据 HL-2M 装置烘烤系统管路设计,建立烘烤系统的管道应力计算模型。对烘烤系统管路作初始 支架设计,并采用系统内的最高温度分布,对烘烤系统进行热应力计算,分析管道应力及设备管口载荷。以热应 力计算结果为依据,对管路布置进行优化,并改善支架的设计,对烘烤系统进行应力校核计算,完成烘烤系统可 靠性验证计算,完成了管口位移量计算。     

A three-dimensional vibroacoustic model for the prediction of underwater noise from offshore pile driving

Steel monopiles are nowadays widely used as foundations for a large number of offshore structures. The installation procedure commonly involves a pile driving process which can last up to several hours depending upon pile dimensions, soil conditions and input energy of the hydraulic hammer. In impact pile driving, a hydraulic hammer delivers a series of hammer blows at the head of the pile that drive the pile into the sediment. Each hammer strike results in pile vibrations that emit strong impulsive sounds into the water column which can be harmful for the marine ecosystem. With today's increasing concern regarding the environmental impact of such operations, engineering tools which will be able to provide reliable predictions of the underwater noise levels are required. In this study, a linear semi-analytical formulation of the coupled vibroacoustics of a complete pile–water–soil interaction model is addressed. The pile is described by a high order thin shell theory whereas both water and soil are modelled as three-dimensional continua. Results obtained with the developed model indicate that the near-field response in the water column consists mainly of pressure conical waves generated by the supersonic compressional waves in the pile excited by the impact hammer. The soil response is dominated by shear waves with almost vertical polarization. The Scholte waves are also generated at the water–seabed interface which can produce pressure fluctuations in the water column that are particularly significant close to the sea floor. The effects of soil elasticity and pile size are thoroughly investigated and their influence on the generated pressure levels is highlighted. The results are also compared with those ones of a similar model in which the soil is treated as an equivalent acoustic fluid. It is shown that the latter approximation can yield inaccurate results at low frequencies especially for harder soil sediments.     

复合管道气液固三相流浆体水击压强和水击波速计算

浆体中的含气量对水击压强和波速产生重要的影响。提出了考虑含气量的浆体即气液固三相流浆体水击波速计算公式,分析了考虑气泡的存在对浆体水击波速的影响,对某一复合管道内气液固三相流浆体水击压强进行了计算.     

Ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen by water hammer

The potential of water hammer events for igniting hydrogen-oxygen mixtures was examined in an experimental study. Compression waves simulating water-hammer events were created by projectile impact on a piston in a water-filled pipe terminated by a test section filled with gas. Triangular wave forms with peak pressures up to 50 MPa propagated through the piping system and compressed the gas in the test section. Experiments were carried out with both air and hydrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using high-speed video of the transparent test section, dynamic pressure and spectroscopic measurements to examine the motion of the water-gas interface and determine ignition thresholds. The impulsive acceleration of the water-gas interface and deceleration created by the compression of the gas resulted in Richtmyer-Meshkov and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities that grew to create large distortions of the initially planar and horizontal water-gas interface. The gas layer was compressed in volume by up to a factor of 50 and the gas pressures increased to as high as 20 MPa within 2 to 4 ms. The distortion of the water surface during compression resulted in a significant increase in interfacial area and ultimately, creation of a two-phase mixture of water and compressed gas. Some ignition events were observed, but the dispersion and mixing of water with the gas almost completely suppressed the pressure rise during the ignition transient. Only by eliminating the instability of the water interface with a solid disk between the water and gas were we able to observe consistent ignition with significant pressure rises associated with the combustion.     

Piano hammers and their force compression characteristics: does a power law make sense?

We have studied the force characteristics of a collection of piano hammers, through studies of the acceleration of the hammer head, the force due to the compression of the hammer felt, Fh, and the associated bending of the hammer shank which occurs when a hammer strikes a rigid object. By integration of the acceleration one can estimate the compression of the felt, and thus obtain a force-compression Fh(z) relationship; our results for this function are compared with previous experiments and theoretical models. Close examination of our findings suggests that bending of the hammer shank, and also the time required for the force to be transmitted from the outer edge of the hammer to its core, play significant roles in the hammer dynamics. The data are used to estimate the quantitative impact of these effects on the derived Fh(z) relation. The implications for physical modeling of a piano tone are briefly discussed.     

低温直立管道中两相自然循环流动过程的数值计算

由于低温系统中直立管中喷泉现象对系统的危害有两点 :一是水锤冲击 ,二是系统卸压影响。文中建立了低温直立管两相自然循环流动模型 ,并且对喷泉过程进行数值仿真计算 ,给出汽弹的大小和汽弹涌出管段破灭的时间间隔。数值计算结果为分析低温输液系统安全性提供基础     

Noise levels and hearing thresholds in the drop forging industry

A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels for hammer and press operations in a drop-forging industry were determined using both tape recordings of the noise and personal noise dosimeters. The results indicated average A-weighted Leq values of 108 dB for hammer operators and 99 dB for press operators. Comparison of hearing level statistics for 716 hammer and press operators and 293 control subjects indicated the severe hazard to hearing of impact noise exposures. For mean exposure times of less than 10 years, hearing levels for the press (99 dB) and hammer (108 dB) operator age groups are nearly identical, and in the latter case are less than those predicted for exposure to equivalent continuous noise. For long-term exposures of 10 years or more, the results of this study indicate that hearing losses resulting from impact noise in the drop-forging industry are as great or greater than those resulting from continuous noise.     

复合管道内液-固两相流浆体水击压强计算

对于单一管道的单相液体水击现象计算已经比较成熟,但是很少有对于复合管道的液固两相流系统的浆体水击 计算方面的报道。根据实际工程设计需要,提出了具有复合管道的液-固两相流浆体水击压强的计算方法。同时对某电厂 液一固两相流输灰系统浆体水击压强进行了计算与分析,提出了防止浆体水击的措施。     

Frequency modelling and solution of fluid–structure interaction in complex pipelines

Complex pipelines may have various structural supports and boundary conditions, as well as branches. To analyse the vibrational characteristics of piping systems, frequency modelling and solution methods considering complex constraints are developed here. A fourteen-equation model and Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) are employed to describe Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) in liquid-filled pipes. A general solution for the multi-branch pipe is proposed in this paper, offering a methodology to predict frequency responses of the complex piping system. Some branched pipe systems are built for the purpose of validation, indicating good agreement with calculated results.     

空气锤进排气噪声控制用消声器的试验研究

分析了空气锤进排气噪声的特性,全面深入地试验和分析了,不同基本滤波单元及其组合的消声器实际应用在Ｃ４１－１５０型空气锤时对排气噪声的降低功能,并取得了显著的降噪效果。     

Skalak's extended theory of water hammer

Half a century ago Richard Skalak [see T.C. Skalak, A dedication in memoriam of Dr. Richard Skalak, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 1 (1999) 1-18] published a paper with the title “An extension of the theory of water hammer” [R. Skalak, An Extension of the Theory of Water Hammer, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University, New York, USA, 1954; R. Skalak, An extension of the theory of water hammer, Water Power 7/8 (1955/1956) 458-462/17-22; R. Skalak, An extension of the theory of water hammer, Transactions of the ASME 78 (1956) 105-116], which has been the basis of much subsequent work on hydraulic transients with fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The paper considers the propagation of pressure waves in liquid-filled pipes and the coupled radial/axial response of the pipe walls. In a tribute to Skalak's work, his paper is revisited and some of his less-known results are used to assess the dispersion of pressure waves in long-distance pipelines. Skalak's theory predicts that the spreading of wave fronts due to FSI is small, at most of the order of 10 pipe diameters.