A self-powered and sensitive terahertz photodetection based on PdSe2

With the rapid development of terahertz technology, terahertz detectors are expected to play a key role in diverse areas such as homeland security and imaging, materials diagnostics, biology, medical sciences, and communication. Whereas self-powered, rapid response, and room temperature terahertz photodetectors are confronted with huge challenges. Here, we report a novel rapid response and self-powered terahertz photothermoelectronic (PTE) photodetector based on a low-dimensional material: palladium selenide (PdSe₂). An order of magnitude performance enhancement was observed in photodetection based on PdSe₂/graphene heterojunction that resulted from the integration of graphene and enhanced the Seebeck effect. Under 0.1-THz and 0.3-THz irradiations, the device displays a stable and repeatable photoresponse at room temperature without bias. Furthermore, rapid rise (5.0 μs) and decay (5.4 μs) times are recorded under 0.1-THz irradiation. Our results demonstrate the promising prospect of the detector based on PdSe₂ in terms of air-stable, suitable sensitivity and speed, which may have great application in terahertz detection.     

粉煤灰基氧氟沙星分子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用

以工业废料粉煤灰微球为基质,氧氟沙星 (OFL) 为模板分子,采用表面印迹法制备印迹材料MIP。通过紫外光谱法结合理论分析选择实验条件,并对该印迹材料结构、吸附行为进行研究。结果表明,该印迹材料对氧氟沙星具有良好的特异识别性和优良的亲和性。与以硅胶为载体制备的印迹聚合物相比,该材料吸附容量更高和印迹效果更好。将其作为固相萃取填料对鸡产品进行分离富集,与C18柱相比,分离富集效果更好。结合UPLC,对实际样品中氧氟沙星进行分析,回收率为82.0%-96.7%,相对标准偏差低于5.5%,可用于鸡产品中氧氟沙星分离分析。     

双分布聚乙二醇接枝纳米二氧化硅的高效可控制备

在混合溶剂中通过"grafting to"的方法将2种分子量不同的聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG M_w=750,4000)接枝到氨基修饰的St?ber法二氧化硅(SiO_2-NH_2)表面,制备双分布纳米接枝复合物.采用二步法,先将带环氧端基的低分子量聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG-EO)与SiO_2-NH_2在甲苯溶剂中充分反应后,与高分子量的MPEG-EO在甲苯和正癸烷的混合溶剂中使用相同的反应条件和后处理方法,能便捷制备出具有双分布接枝的纳米复合物.在接枝反应体系中,分子链的链段尺寸和接枝密度之间存在着密切关系.一定的范围内,接枝密度随链段尺寸减小而增大.通过改变混合溶剂比例来调控接枝链段的尺寸,可以很好控制聚合物的接枝密度.在双分布接枝的纳米复合物中,低分子量的接枝密度为0.85 chains/nm~2,高分子量的接枝密度能达到0.40 chains/nm~2,体现出了简单、高效、可控的特点,与聚环氧乙烷(PEO)共混后分散良好,对于制备出均匀分散的纳米复合材料起到了一定的指导作用.     

200 km沙漠链路高精度光纤时频传递关键技术研究

针对沙漠环境实地链路存在的温度变化大、室外风力、地表振动等多种复杂噪声来源,通过对系统反馈补偿带宽、反馈补偿强度、光功率等时频传递系统关键参数的优化配置,研究了不同反馈补偿参数下复杂链路噪声的有效抑制技术.全链路的频率传递稳定度8×10~(-14)@1s,1×10~(-16)@1000 s,千秒尺度下时间信号传递的时间方差仅为1.2 ps.实现了氢钟信号在200 km量级沙漠环境实地链路的无损传输.该验证实验在基于短基线干涉测量的卫星测轨系统中发挥了重要作用.     

热泵型纯电动客车空调结霜特性实验研究

针对热泵型纯电动客车空调系统在冬季低温高湿环境下,车外换热器易结霜而造成系统制热性能严重衰减的问题,开发了一种带有经济器的补气型纯电动客车热泵空调系统,对车外管翅式换热器结霜特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,当车外换热器完全结霜后,系统制热量和COP均大幅下降。由于采用中压补气技术,系统仍能稳定运行,当车外温度为0、-10、-20℃时,结霜过程中系统制热量分别降低了5、3.2、2.3 kW,COP分别降低了1.1、0.7、0.45,且车外空气相对湿度越大,系统制热性能衰减越严重。     

带经济器的热泵型纯电动客车空调系统结霜特性研究

针对热泵型纯电动客车空调系统在冬季低温供热运行时车外换热器易结霜问题,设计并搭建一套带经济器、有三种不同补气方式的热泵空调系统实验台。通过实验研究并对比分析该系统在不同补气方式下运行时车外微通道平行流换热器的结霜性能,发现车外环境温度为-15℃工况时,在中压补气方式下结霜运行时系统COP、制热量、蒸发温度均明显最高,此时系统可高效运行。     

定曲率螺旋盘管式汽车尾气余热回收装置的性能研究

为研究汽车尾气余热回收装置不同参数对其性能的影响,对汽车尾气余热回收装置定曲率螺旋盘管换热器建立三维仿真模型,研究了雷诺数在4 000～14 000的范围内,定曲率螺旋盘管换热器盘管直径和螺旋直径两个几何参数对阻力和换热性能的影响。结果表明:改变换热器盘管直径,对换热器流动阻力性能影响不大,换热量随着换热器盘管直径的增加而增加;螺旋直径为70 mm时流动阻力增量最大,换热量随着螺旋直径的减小而增大。     

液相基质中重金属元素激光诱导击穿光谱实验参数的优化

针对混合溶液中重金属元素的激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)测量系统,为提高测量系统的检测灵敏度,以提高混合溶液中Ca和Cr金属元素LIBS光谱线强度的信噪比为目标,对LIBS测量系统中的激光脉冲能量、液相样品流速、ICCD门宽、延时等实验参数进行了优化,得到最优化参数激光脉冲能量、样品流速、ICCD门宽、延时分别为35 m J、30 ml/min、1400 ns和2400 ns,为降低LIBS技术应用于混合溶液中痕量重金属元素的检出限提供了实验参数支撑.     

A corresponding-state approach to quark-cluster matter

The state of super-dense matter is essential for us to understand the nature of pulsars; however, non- perturbative quantum chromodynamics makes it very difficult to make direct calculations of the state of cold matter at realistic baryon number densities inside compact stars. Nevertheless, from an observational point of view, it is conjectured that pulsars could be made up of quark clusters since the strong coupling between quarks might render the quarks to be grouped in clusters. In this paper, we attempt to find an equation of state of condensed quark-cluster matter in a phenomenological way. Supposing that the quark-clusters could be analogized to inert gases, we apply here the corresponding-state approach to derive the equation of state of quark-cluster matter, as was similarly demonstrated for nuclear and neutron-star matter in the 1970s. According to the calculations that we have presented, the quark-cluster stars, which are composed of quark-cluster matter, could have a high maximum mass that is consistent with observations and, in turn, further observations of pulsar mass could also place a constraint on the properties of quark-cluster matter. We will also briefly discuss the melting heat during the solid-liquid phase conversion and its related astrophysical consequences.     

复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤及其剩余压缩强度研究

本文采用理论和实验方法研究了复合材料层合板的低速冲地及其剩余压缩强度。文中利用有限元方法和能量转换原理计算了层合板受到低速冲击的受载最危险状态，以及此时的应力分布；并用Ｔｓａｉ－Ｗｕ张量准则判断损伤情况，对产生损伤的单元进行相应的刚度折减，且作重复计算直至不产生新的损伤为止；最后，对受冲击的层合板还进行剩余压缩强度计算。在实验中，采用激光全息无损检测法测量了层合板的冲击损伤，并对受冲击的层合板进行