OH+C_2H_2N←C_2H_3+NO→OH+C_2H_2N反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论研究了反应通道(a)C2H3+NO→CH3+NCO和(b)C2H3+NO→OH+C2H2N的反应机理.在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上优化了反应物、中间体、过滤态、产物的几何构型,通过频率分析确定了11个中间体和10个过渡态.所有的反应物、中间体、过渡态、产物都在CCSD/6-311++G(d,p)水平上进行了单点能较正.并讨论了反应的异构化过程.计算结果表明10是能量最低的中间体,比反应物的能量低308 479kJ/mol;过渡态1/3,2/5,3/4,4/8比反应物的能量高,其中3/4是能量最高的过渡态,比反应物的能量高91 894kJ/mol.通道(a)和(b)的理论放热值分别为111 059和96 619kJ/mol.     

CH3SS与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)对CH3SS与OH自由基单重态反应机理进行了研究.在B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析方法对过渡态进行了验证.在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算了各物种的单点能,并对总能量进行了零点能校正.研究结果表明,CH3SS与OH反应为多通道反应,有5条可能的反应通道.反应物首先通过不同的S—O键相互作用形成具有竞争反应机理的中间体IM1和IM2.再经过氢迁移、脱氢和裂解等机理得到主要产物P1(CH2SS+H2O),次要产物P2(CH2S+HSOH),P3(CH3SH+1SO)和P4(CH2SSO+H2),其中最低反应通道的势垒为174.6kJ.mol-1.     

CH3CH2S自由基H迁移异构化及裂解反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(B3LYP)在6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上研究了CH3CH2S自由基H迁移异构化以及裂解反应的微观动力学机理. 在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)+ZPE水平上进行了单点能校正. 利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)分别计算了在200~2000 K温度区间内的速率常数kTST和kCVT, 同时获得了经小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT)校正后的速率常数kCVT/SCT. 研究结果表明, CH3CH2S自由基1,2-H迁移、1,3-H迁移、C—C键断裂和β-C—H键断裂反应的势垒ΔE≠分别为149.74, 144.34, 168.79和198.29 kJ/mol. 当温度低于800 K时, 主要发生1,2-H迁移反应, 高于1800 K时, 主要表现为C—C键断裂反应, 在1300—1800 K范围内, 1,3-H迁移反应是优势通道, 在计算的整个温度段内, β-C—H键断裂反应可以忽略.     

CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 分别在6-31G、6-311G、6-311+G(d)基组水平上研究了CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理. 研究结果表明, CF3O2自由基和NO反应存在三条可行的反应通道, 优化得到了相应的中间体和过渡态. 从活化能看, 通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS2→CF3O+ONO的活化能最低, 仅为70.86 kJ•mol-1, 是主要反应通道, 主要产物是CF3O和NO2. 而通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS3→CF3ONO2和CH3O2+NO→TS4→IM3→TS5→IM4→TS6→CF3O+NOO的活化能较高, 故该反应难以进行.     

SF_5CF_3与还原性自由基C_2H_3脱氟反应机理研究

用密度泛函B3PW91/6-311g(d,p)方法对SF5CF3与还原性自由基C2H3反应机理进行了理论研究,优化了反应通道上反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标计算和频率分析确认了过渡态.用精确模型算法G3(MP2)计算了各物种单点能量.研究结果表明:SF5CF3与C2H3自由基反应为多通道反应,C2H3可脱去SF5CF3分子中不同位上的F原子,分别生成3个中间体IM1,IM2和IM3.然后3个中间体发生自分解反应生成产物P1[CF2SF5+C2H3F],P2[CF3SF4(a)+C2H3F]和P3[CF3SF4(b)+C2H3F],其中Path 2和Path 3能垒高度分别为141.9和147.0kJ·mol-1,为竞争反应通道,P2和P3为反应主产物.     

CH3O2·+ClO气相反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函方法在CCSD(T)/ 6-311++G// B3LYP/ 6-311G**水平上研究了气相反应CH3O2*+ClO的反应机理.得到了不同能量产物的可能的反应通道,获得反应势能面.整个反应过程为多通道反应,经过多个步骤完成,共找到7个中间体和10个过渡态,产物1CH3OCl+3O2(P1)和1 CH2O+1HOOCl(P4)为能量较低产物,通道1a:R→IM1→TS1/ 3→IM3→P1,4a:R→IM1→TS1/ P4→P4和4b:R→IM2→TS2/ P4→P4为较为可行的反应通道.     

大气中OH引发的有机磷农药MTMPDA降解机理的研究

采用量子化学方法在ωB97XD/6-311++G(3df,2pd)//ωB97XD/6-31+G(d,p)和M062X/6-311++G(3df,2pd)//M062X/6-31+G(d,p)水平下对大气中MTMPDA在OH自由基引发下的反应机理及其产物的后继反应进行理论研究.结果表明MTMPDA+OH反应主要通过OH抽提与N原子相连的—CH3上的H原子、以及抽提与O原子相连的—CH3上的H原子的方式进行.此外,抽提与N原子相连的—CH3上的H原子生成的产物与大气中的O2和NO发生进一步反应并没有导致MTMPDA毒性明显地降低;而抽提与O原子相连的—CH3上的H原子的产物发生一系列后继反应可以降低MTMPDA的毒性.     

乙烯基自由基(C2H·3)与羟基自由基(OH·)反应势能面的理论研究

在QCISD（T）/6-311G（2df,p)//B3LYP/6-311G（d,p)水平上对自由基反应C2H3^. OH^.进行了计算，结果表明，经过缔合、多步H转移、CH3转移和离解等复杂过程，最终要得到8种产物（P1-P8），茯中产物P2（H2CCO H2）和P6（CH3CO^. H^.）是主要产物。本文得到的CH2CHOH（1或1‘），CH3CHO（2）和CH3COH（3）之间的过渡态TS1/2，TS1‘/3和TS2/3的能量顺序与Wesdemiotis等的实验推测相反，而与Smith等的计算结果一致。     

类锗烯H2C=GeLiCl与RH(R=F,OH, NH2)的插入反应

采用DFT B3LYP和QCISD方法研究了不饱和类锗烯H2C=GeLiCl与RH(R=F, OH, NH2)的插入反应. 在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化了反应势能面上的驻点构型. 结果表明, H2C=GeLiCl与HF、H2O 或NH3发生插入反应的机理相同. QCISD/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)计算的三个反应的势垒分别为173.53、194.48和209.05 kJ·mol-1, 反应热分别为60.18、72.93和75.34 kJ·mol-1. 相同条件下发生插入反应时, 反应活性顺序都是H—F>H—OH>H—NH2.     

CH_2CO+CH_2的多通道反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函(DFT)和自然键轨道理论(NBO)及高级电子耦合簇[CCSD(T)]和电子密度拓扑(AIM)方法,对单重态和三重态CH2与CH2CO反应的微观机理进行了研究.在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化了反应通道各驻点的几何构型.在CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)水平上计算了各物种的单点能量,并对总能量进行了校正.计算表明,单重态CH2与CH2CO的C-H键可发生插入反应,与C=C、C=O可发生加成反应,存在三条反应通道,产物为CO和C2H4,从能量变化和反应速控步骤能垒两方面考虑,反应II更容易发生.对反应通道中的关键点进行了自然键轨道及电子密度拓扑分析.三重态CH2与CH2CO的反应存在三条反应通道,一条是与C-H键的插入反应,另一条是三重态CH2与C=C发生加成反应,产物为CO和三重态C2H4,通道II势垒较低,更容易发生.最后一条涉及双自由基的反应活化能最大,最难发生.     

Direct dynamic study on the hydrogen abstraction reaction C2(Πu)+H2 → C2H+H

The ab initio direct dynamics method at the G2//UQCISD/6-311 + G(d,p) level is employed to study the hydrogen abstraction reaction C₂(³Π_u)+H₂ → C₂H+H over a wide temperature range 100–4650 K. The barrier heights obtained for the forward and reverse reactions are 7.78 and 17.53 kcal/mol, respectively. Comparing with one recent experiment, the calculated forward rate constants over the temperature range 2580–4650 K are about 4.4–13.5 times greater and show a steeper temperature-dependent effect. This indicates that further experimental investigation on this simple radical reaction may still be desired. Finally, G2//UQCISD/6-311 + G(2df,2p) calculations are performed to test the reliability of the G2//UQCISD/6-311 + G(d,p) results.     

CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for CH3CH2+O(3P) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single-point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major products are the CH2O＋CH3, CH3CHO+H and CH2CH2+OH in the reaction. For the products CH2O＋CH3 and CH3CHO+H, the major production channels are A1: (R)→IM1→TS3→(A) and B1: (R)→IM1→TS4→(B), respectively. The majority of the products CH2CH2+OH are formed via the direct abstraction channels C1 and C2: (R)→TS1(TS2)→(C). In addition, the results suggest that the barrier heights to form the CO reaction channels are very high, so the CO is not a major product in the reaction.     

CH3 CH2 +N(4S)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for CH3CH2+N(4S) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T)/ 6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major products are the CH2CH2+3NH and H2CN＋CH3, and the minor products are the CH3CHN+H in the reaction. The majority of the products CH2CH2+3NH are formed via a direct hydrogen abstraction channel. The products H2CN＋CH3 are produced via an addition/dissociation channel. The products CH3CHN+H are produced via an addition/dissociation channel.     

自由基-分子反应:F+Propene(CH2CHCH3)的从头算研究

The radical-molecule reaction F+propene (CH2CHCH3) was studied in detail by using the Becke's three parameter Lee-Yang-Parr-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitationsCCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,2p). It is shown that F+propene reaction mainly occurs through complex-formation mechanism: F attacks the double bond of propene leading to the formation of complex 1 and complex 2. As the two radical complexes are metastable, they can quickly dissociate to H+C3H5F, CH3+C2H3F and HF+C3H5. Based on the ab initio calculations, the CH3+C2H3F is the main channel, and the H elimination and HF forming channels also provide some contribution to products. The calculated values are in good agreement with the recently reported experimental results.     

H2FCS单分子分解反应的直接动力学研究

采用量子化学QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)方法研究了H2FCS单分子分解反应的微观动力学性质, 构建了反应势能剖面. 利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT), 分别计算了在200～3000 K温度范围内的速率常数kTST、kCVT和kCVT/SCT. 计算结果表明, H2FCS可经过不同的反应通道生成10种小分子产物, 脱H反应和HF消去反应为标题反应的主反应通道, 其中HF消去反应产物HCS可由两条反应通道生成. 在200~3000 K温度区间内得到三条反应通道的表观反应速率常数三参数表达式分别为 , 和 . 速率常数计算结果显示, 量子力学隧道效应在低温区间对反应速率常数的影响显著, 而变分效应在计算温度范围内可以忽略.     

Thermal decomposition of ethanol. 4. Ab initio chemical kinetics for reactions of H atoms with CH3CH2O and CH3CHOH radicals

The potential energy surfaces of H-atom reactions with CH(3)CH(2)O and CH(3)CHOH, two major radicals in the decomposition and oxidation of ethanol, have been studied at the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory with geometric optimization carried out at the BH&HLYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level. The direct hydrogen abstraction channels and the indirect association/decomposition channels from the chemically activated ethanol molecule have been considered for both reactions. The rate constants for both reactions have been calculated at 100-3000 K and 10(-4) Torr to 10(3) atm Ar pressure by microcanonical VTST/RRKM theory with master equation solution for all accessible product channels. The results show that the major product channel of the CH(3)CH(2)O + H reaction is CH(3) + CH(2)OH under atmospheric pressure conditions. Only at high pressure and low temperature, the rate constant for CH(3)CH(2)OH formation by collisonal deactivation becomes dominant. For CH(3)CHOH + H, there are three major product channels; at high temperatures, CH(3)+CH(2)OH production predominates at low pressures (P < 100 Torr), while the formation of CH(3)CH(2)OH by collisional deactivation becomes competitive at high pressures and low temperatures (T < 500 K). At high temperatures, the direct hydrogen abstraction reaction producing CH(2)CHOH + H(2) becomes dominant. Rate constants for all accessible product channels in both systems have been predicted and tabulated for modeling applications. The predicted value for CH(3)CHOH + H at 295 K and 1 Torr pressure agrees closely with available experimental data. For practical modeling applications, the rate constants for the thermal unimolecular decomposition of ethanol giving key accessible products have been predicted; those for the two major product channels taking place by dehydration and C-C breaking agree closely with available literature data.     

Mechanism of OH radical reactions with HCN and CH3CN: OH regeneration in the presence of O2

A theoretical study on the mechanism of the OH reactions with HCN and CH(3)CN, in the presence of O2, is presented. Optimum geometries and frequencies have been computed at BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory for all stationary points. Energy values have been improved by single-point calculations at the above geometries using CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p). The initial attack of OH to HCN was found to lead only to the formation of the HC(OH)N adduct, while for CH(3)CN similar proportions of CH(2)CN and CH(3)C(OH)N are expected. A four-step mechanism has been proposed to explain the OH regeneration, experimentally observed for OH + CH(3)CN reaction, when carried out in the presence of O2. The mechanism steps are as follows: (1) OH addition to the C atom in the CN group, (2) O2 addition to the N atom, (3) an intramolecular H migration from OH to OO, and (4) OH elimination. This mechanism is in line with the one independently proposed by Wine et al. for HCN. The results obtained here suggest that for the OH + HCN reaction, the OH regeneration might occur even in larger extension than for OH + CH(3)CN reaction. The agreement between the calculated data and the available experimental evidence on the studied reactions seems to validate the mechanism proposed here.     

Radical-molecule reactions HCO/HOC + C2H2: mechanistic study

A detailed computational study is performed on the unknown radical-molecule reactions between HCO/HOC and acetylene (C2H2) at the CCSD(T)/6-311G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE, Gaussian-3//B3LYP/6-31G(d), and Gaussian-3//MP2(full)/6-31G(d) levels. For the HCO + C2H2 reaction, the most favorable pathway is direct C-addition forming the intermediate HC=CHCH=O followed by a 1,3-H-shift leading to H2C=CHC=O, which finally dissociates to the product C2H3 + CO. The overall reaction barrier is 13.8, 10.5, and 11.3 kcal/mol, respectively, at the three levels. The quasi-direct H-donation process to produce C2H3 + CO with barriers of 14.0, 14.1, and 14.1 kcal/mol is less competitive. Thus only at higher temperatures could the HCO + C2H2 reaction play a role. In contrast, the HOC + C2H2 reaction can barrierlessly generate C2H3 + CO via the quasi-direct H-donation mechanism proceeding via a prereactive complex with OH...C2 hydrogen bonding. This is suggestive of the potential importance of the HOC + C2H2 reaction in both combustion and interstellar processes. However, the direct C-addition channel is much less competitive. For both reactions, the possible formation of the intriguing interstellar molecules propadiene and propynal is also discussed. The present theoretical study represents the first attempt to probe the reaction mechanism between HOC and pi-systems. Future laboratory investigations on both reactions (particularly HOC + C2H2) are recommended.