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光电探测器原理及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了光电与系统的组成,阐述了光电二极管和雪崩光电二极管的工作原理及噪声问题,对雪崩光电二极管APD和光电倍增管PMT进行了比较,并以四象限探测器为例说明了光电探测器的应用问题。 相似文献
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三种光电器件用于天体光度测量时的性能比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从天体光度测量原理出发推导出光电倍增管、普通CCD和电子倍增CCD在天体光度测量中的信噪比公式,从理论上比较了三种器件在天体光度测量中的性能,并给出了实验结果。结果表明,电子倍增CCD的性能最好;在光辐射度较小的条件下,读出噪声严重地影响了普通CCD的信噪比,光电倍增管的性能较普通CCD的好;而在光辐射度较大的条件下,量子效率成为信噪比的决定因素,普通CCD的性能较光电倍增管的好。最后从误差平方和与信噪比两个方面对理论推导进行了实验验证,结果表明实验结果和理论计算吻合得很好。 相似文献
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单光子计数器的校验标定分为两个步骤:验证仪器的计数与其接受的光能量之间的线性关系,即采用光照度平方反比定律、发光二极管发光强度与其电流的关系逐一进行校验,其中后一种方法能更方便也能更准确地进行测量;标定单光子计数器。使用恒流源控制发光二极管电流来制成弱光标准光源,利用大动态范围的光子计数器,结合弱光辐照计标定光子计数器。实验结果表明,由于光子计数器的核心器件光电倍增管及其高压电源不很稳定,光子计数器需要经常校验和标定。使用发光二极管制成标准光源来进行校验和标定光子计数器是一种较好的解决方法。 相似文献
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《中国光学与应用光学文摘》2007,(5)
P141.2 2007054969三种光电器件用于天体光度测量时的性能比较=Per-formance comparison of photon-multiplier-tube-based andCCD-based photoelectronic devices[刊,中]/马晓燠(中科院光电研究所.四川,成都(610029)) ,饶长辉…//光学学报.? 2007 ,27(5) .? 882-888从天体光度测量原理出发推导出光电倍增管、普通CCD和电子倍增CCD在天体光度测量中的信噪比公式,从理论上比较了三种器件在天体光度测量中的性能,并给出了实验结果。结果表明,电子倍增CCD的性能最好;在光辐射度较小的条件下,读出噪声严重地影响了普通CCD的信噪比,光电倍… 相似文献
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高温光电倍增管是石油测井的关键器件,介绍了两种制备高温Na-K-Sb光电阴极的工艺,并比较了制备工艺对光电倍增管性能的影响。从测试结果可以看出,同蒸工艺制备的光电倍增管具有更高的量子效率、阴极积分灵敏度、能量分辨率以及更优异的坪特性,通过分析光谱响应曲线和高低温曲线可以得到性能提升的根本原因,即同蒸工艺制备的光电阴极的光电发射能力更强、热电子发射能力更弱,借助微观形貌表征分析得出同蒸工艺制备的光电阴极厚度更均匀、膜层更致密平滑、均匀性更好。针对高温光电倍增管的实际应用场景,测试评估高温光电倍增管的高温性能,并与国外同类产品性能进行对比。 相似文献
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光子计数成像技术及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍光子计数实时图像采集实验系统,其中的高亮度增益的光子成像头通过超强光力中继透与高帧频电荷耦合器摄像机耦合;分析和介绍了单光子成像模式下系统工作的受限条件和多光子工作模式下系统的主要综合性能指标-读出噪声的测定方法。文中给出在自适应光学弱光波前传感中的应用,光子噪声分布规律以及光的波粒二象性实验验证等例子。 相似文献
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微光图象光子计数器象管光子增益测试研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了微光图象光子计数器象管的主要构成及其与常规二代微光象增强器的区别.在论述单通道光子计数技术原理的基础上,提出了微光图象光子计数器象管的主要参数-光子增益的测试原理和方法,建立了测试系统.对微光图象光子计数器象管的光子增益进行了实测,并将测试结果与常规二代微光象增强器的亮度增益进行了比较,给出了光子增益的估算公式. 相似文献
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小样本光子图像的统计处理 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
讨论了一种对小样本光子图像的统计处理方法。在超微弱发光的研究中(例如细胞的超微弱荧光),由于发光强度极弱,需要用像增强器对超微弱发光图像进行增强得到可视图像,超微弱发光图像不可避免地受到像增强系统暗噪声及背景噪声的影响,使光子图像湮没在噪声中。为从原始图像中检验出信号,根据信号光子和噪声光子的不同统计分布,运用信号检测与的方法判断光子是否属于信号光子,并得到一简明的判据,由此判据剔除图像中的噪声光子,得到信噪比改善的光子图像。并用此方法处理了人掌的超微弱发光光子图像。 相似文献
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Detailed calibration of the PI-LCX:1300 high performance single photon counting hard x-ray CCD camera 下载免费PDF全文
X-ray charge-coupled-device(CCD) camera working in single photon counting mode is a type of x-ray spectrometer with high-sensitivity and superior signal-to-noise performance. In this study, two single photon counting CCD cameras with the same mode(model: PI-LCX: 1300) are calibrated with quasi-monochromatic x-rays from radioactive sources and a conventional x-ray tube. The details of the CCD response to x-rays are analyzed by using a computer program of multi-pixel analyzing and event-distinguishing capability. The detection efficiency, energy resolution, fraction of multi-pixel events each as a function of x-ray energy, and consistence of two CCD cameras are obtained. The calibrated detection efficiency is consistent with the detection efficiency from Monte Carlo calculations with XOP program. When the multi-pixel event analysis is applied, the CCDs may be used to measure x-rays up to 60 ke V with good energy resolution(E /?E ≈ 100 at60 ke V). The difference in detection efficiency between two CCD cameras is small(5.6% at 5.89 ke V), but the difference in fraction of the single pixel event between them is much larger(25% at 8.04 ke V). The obtained small relative error of detection efficiency(2.4% at 5.89 ke V) makes the high accurate measurement of x-ray yield possible in the laser plasma interaction studies. Based on the discrete calibration results, the calculated detection efficiency with XOP can be used for the whole range of 5 ke V–30 ke V. 相似文献
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We report near-optimal tracking of freely diffusing fluorescent particles in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry via photon counting and real-time feedback. We present a quantitative statistical model of our feedback network and find excellent agreement with the experiment. We monitor the motion of a single fluorescent particle with a sensitivity of 15 nm/sqrt Hz while collecting fewer than 5000 fluorescence photons/s. Fluorescent microspheres (diffusion coefficient 1.3 microm2/s) are tracked with a root-mean-square tracking error of 170 nm, within a factor of 2 of the theoretical limit set by photon counting shot noise. 相似文献
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Mingwei Huang Zijing Zhang Jiaheng Xie Jiahuan Li Yuan Zhao 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(11)
Photon counting lidar for long-range detection faces the problem of declining ranging performance caused by background noise. Current anti-noise methods are not robust enough in the case of weak signal and strong background noise, resulting in poor ranging error. In this work, based on the characteristics of the uncertainty of echo signal and noise in photon counting lidar, an entropy-based anti-noise method is proposed to reduce the ranging error under high background noise. Firstly, the photon counting entropy, which is considered as the feature to distinguish signal from noise, is defined to quantify the uncertainty of fluctuation among photon events responding to the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode. Then, the photon counting entropy is combined with a windowing operation to enhance the difference between signal and noise, so as to mitigate the effect of background noise and estimate the time of flight of the laser pulses. Simulation and experimental analysis show that the proposed method improves the anti-noise performance well, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates the effect of background noise to reduce ranging error despite high background noise. 相似文献