基于势流理论的内孤立波与立管作用数值研究

内孤立波是一种发生在水面以下的在世界各个海域广泛存在的大幅波浪, 其剧烈的波面起伏所携带的巨大能量对以海洋立管为代表的海洋结构物产生严重威胁, 分析其传播演化过程的流场特征及立管在内孤立波作用下的动力响应规律对于海洋立管的设计具有重要意义. 本文基于分层流体的非线性势流理论, 采用高效率的多域边界单元法, 建立了内孤立波流场分析计算的数值模型, 可以实时获得内孤立波的流场特征. 根据获得的流场信息, 采用莫里森方程计算内孤立波对海洋立管作用的载荷分布. 将内孤立波流场非线性势流计算模型与动力学有限元模型结合来求解内孤立波作用下海洋立管的动力响应特征, 讨论了内孤立波参数、顶张力大小以及内部流体密度对立管动力响应的影响. 发现随着内孤立波波幅的增大, 海洋立管的流向位移和应力明显增大. 由于上层流体速度明显大于下层, 且在所研究问题中拖曳力远大于惯性力, 因此管道顺流向的最大位移发生在上层区域. 顶张力通过改变几何刚度阵的值进而对立管的响应产生明显影响. 对于弱约束立管, 内部流体的密度对管道的流向位移影响较小.      

INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVE LOADS EXPERIMENTS AND ITS THEORETICAL MODEL FOR A CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURE

在大型重力式密度分层水槽中, 对内孤立波与圆柱型结构的相互作用特性开展了系列实验. 基于两层流体中 内孤立波的KdV,eKdV和MCC理论, 建立了圆柱型结构内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型, 给出了该载荷理论预报模型中3类内孤立波理论的适用性条件.研究表明, 圆柱型结构内孤立波水平载荷包括水平Froude-Krylov力、附加质量力和拖曳力3个部分, 可以由Morison公式计算, 而内孤立波垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力, 可以由内孤立波诱导动压力计算.系列实验结果表明, 附加质量系数可以取为常数1.0, 拖曳力系数与内孤立波诱导速度场的雷诺数之间为指数函数关系, 而且基于理论预报模型的数值结果与系列实验结果吻合.     

分层流体中运动源生成的内波研究进展

针对两类密度分布模型------连续分层流体和间断分层流体, 综述了在运动潜体生成的Kelvin型和非Kelvin型内尾迹研究方面的现状, 内容侧重于运动源生成内波的解析理论和分层拖曳水槽中内尾迹实验方面的研究成果. 介绍了在连续分层流体中运动源生成的Kelvin型非线性内波的一般方程和在间断分层流体中Kelvin型内波的势流分析的一般方法; 概述了运动源诱生的先锋内孤立子、代数孤立子和平孤立波3类特殊非线性内波的研究进展, 其中运动潜体生成的平孤立内波被作者实验证实是一类极限孤立波, 并首次建立了共轭流动模型予以描述; 综合分析了在密度线性分布流体中潜体运动生成内波的动力学过程多样性特征, 其中包括内尾迹近场和远场的时空结构、不稳定结构、涡旋与湍流耦合结构以及湍流与内波相互作用结构等.      

流体力学中的强迫孤立波

简要讨论了８０年代发现的以先驱孤立波和非传播孤立波为代表的流体力学中的强迫孤立波．介绍了这些孤立波产生的方法、力学模型、控制方程、研究现状及有待解决的问题．      

邻近山体地形地震动力相互作用边界元法模拟

采用动力间接边界元法,研究了平面P波、SV波入射时多个邻近山体之间的动力相互作用及地震动放大效应。结果表明:连绵多山地形的地震反应规律相比孤立山丘情况更为复杂;反应特征受控于入射波频率、角度、山体间距等因素,邻近山体对地震动放大或缩幅程度主要取决于其边缘激发面波的强度、相位及与观察点的距离。一般来说,当山体处于邻近山体对地震波散射形成的位移放大区域内,相比单山情况地震动会表现出增强放大效应,特定频段主方向反应可达到单山放大效应的约1.5倍。另需注意由于散射波的相干效应,两山之间平坦地表也表现出明显的放大效应。而高频波入射下,邻近山体相互作用效应明显减弱。实际复杂多山地形地震动评估需准确掌握输入地震波特性和连绵山体的材料、几何特征。     

孤立波(下)

6.准一维孤立波一维孤立波(1.2)可以看作是在均匀矩形槽中传播的。因此,研究水槽宽度,深度、截面形状等的变化的效应是很自然的。Peters(1966),Peregrine(1968,1969,1972),Fenton(1973)和Grimshaw(1978)已经考察了非矩形截面槽中的孤立波,这些问题在工程上很重要。还提出了一些尚未解决的课题,本文不作进一步介绍。      

含电学边界的压电层合梁的非线性弯曲波

非线性科学己成为近代科学发展的一个重要标志, 特别是非线性动力学和非线性波的研究对于解决自然科学各领域中遇到的复杂现象和问题有着极其重要的意义. 本文研究了含电学边界条件的压电层合梁的非线性弯曲波传播特性.首先, 考虑几何非线性效应和压电耦合效应, 利用哈密顿原理建立了一维无限长矩形压电层合梁弯曲波的非线性方程.其次, 采用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法对非线性弯曲波方程进行求解, 得到了非线性弯曲波动方程在近似情况下对应的冲击波解和孤波解.最后, 利用约化摄动法得到了非线性薛定谔方程, 进一步得到了亮孤子和暗孤子解.基于两种方法具体研究了外加电压、压电层厚度等参数对冲击波和孤立波以及亮孤子和暗孤子特性的影响. 研究结果表明, 在波速较小时, 外加电压对冲击波的影响较大, 波速较大时, 外加电压对孤立波影响减弱.通过调整作用在压电层合梁上的电压发现了存在亮孤子和暗孤子, 分析结果表明随着外加电压值的增大, 亮孤子和暗孤子的振幅都增大.      

大气中非线性波和孤立波——有热源影响的非线性重力惯性内波

本文考虑有外界热源情况下的非线性重力惯性内波,首先我们讨论了波解存在的条件及得到了解析解的表达式。然后我们利用拟能影响函数中的根与系数之间关系,导出一个无量纲的量M,利用M把周期解存在条件转化为M>2/3,当M→2/3时,就得到了区别于KdV方程的孤立波解。最后利用M我们建立了非线性波的波速公式,波速C与振幅,特征散度,M之间的关系,当波速公式向线性化波速公式退化时,我们发现当M≥l时系统呈线性效应;当2/3相似文献   

基于偶应力理论的格栅材料等效介质模型

考察了结构最小尺寸与材料特征长度量级相当的格栅材料等效性能,建议了基于偶应力理论的格栅材料等效介质模型以及确定等效模量的代表体元模型,给出了相应的位移边界条件. 在此基础上导出了正交各向异性偶应力介质的特征长度表达式和偶应力介质梁的抗弯刚度表达式,定义了偶应力影响因子\delta以表征梁的偶应力效应. 具体计算了几种典型的格栅材料的等效偶应力模量以及格栅梁在一定工况下的挠曲线,并与相应的有限元离散解进行对比,结果表明,等效结果具有较高精度,且当宏观结构的尺寸和微结构尺寸相差不大时,宏观结构表现出强烈的偶应力效应.偶应力介质的特征长度表征了偶应力效应的强弱,进而分析了格栅材料的相对密度,单胞尺寸以及几何构型对等效介质特征长度的影响.      

受扰细杆的Melnikov分析

研究了计入Peierls-Nabarro (P-N)力和固体黏性效应的一维金属杆在简谐外力扰动下的动力响应,其位移波的运动规律是Sine-Gordon (SG) 型方程. 采用集结坐标 (collective coordinate)将方程的解设为未扰系统呼吸子解的形式,研究扰动作用下,组成呼吸子的扭结-反扭结波的中心的分离. 通过用集结坐标表示系统的哈密顿量,从而将SG型方程转化为常微分方程组. 分析了未扰系统的异宿轨道,并将之用于Melnikov方法对系统进行分析,给出横截异宿点出现的必要条件,从而预测混沌运动的发生.     

New explicit and exact traveling wave solutions for two nonlinear evolution equations

In this paper, with the aid of computer symbolic computation system such as Maple, an algebraic method is firstly applied to two nonlinear evolution equations, namely, nonlinear Schrodinger equation and Pochhammer–Chree (PC) equation. As a consequence, some new types of exact traveling wave solutions are obtained, which include bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions, triangular periodic wave solutions, and singular solutions. The method is straightforward and concise, and it can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.     

Shape analysis and damped oscillatory solutions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with quintic term简

This paper aims at analyzing the shapes of the bounded traveling wave solu- tions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with a quintic term and obtaining its damped oscillatory solutions. The theory and method of planar dynamical systems are used to make a qualitative analysis to the planar dynamical system which the bounded traveling wave solutions of this equation correspond to. The shapes, existent number, and condi- tions are presented for all bounded traveling wave solutions. The bounded traveling wave solutions are obtained by the undetermined coefficients method according to their shapes, including exact expressions of bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions and approxi- mate expressions of damped oscillatory solutions. For the approximate damped oscillatory solution, using the homogenization principle, its error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation, which reflects the relation between the exact and approximate so- lutions. It can be seen that the error is infinitesimal decreasing in the exponential form.     

Nonlinear steady states of hyperelastic membrane tubes conveying a viscous non-Newtonian fluid

We study possible steady states of an infinitely long tube made of a hyperelastic membrane and conveying either an inviscid, or a viscous fluid with power-law rheology. The tube model is geometrically and physically nonlinear; the fluid model is limited to smooth changes in the tube’s radius. For the inviscid case, we analyse the tube’s stretch and flow velocity range at which standing solitary waves of both the swelling and the necking type exist. For the viscous case, we first analyse the tube’s upstream and downstream limit states that are balanced by infinitely growing upstream (and decreasing downstream) fluid pressure and axial stress caused by fluid viscosity. Then we investigate conditions that can connect these limit states by a single solution. We show that such a solution exists only for sufficiently small flow speeds and that it has a form of a kink wave; solitary waves do not exist. For the case of a semi-infinite tube (infinite either upstream or downstream), there exist both kink and solitary wave solutions. For finite-length tubes, there exist solutions of any kind, i.e. in the form of pieces of kink waves, solitary waves, and periodic waves.     

Interactional solutions of a lump and a solitary wave for two higher-dimensional equations

In this paper, by using the bilinear equation and different test functions, we obtain lump–bell solutions for the \((4+1)\)-dimensional Fokas equation, which describe nonelastic and elastic interactions. We consider various interactions of the lump–bell solutions including fusion, fission, catch-up and head-on. The asymptotic behaviors and dynamics of lump–bell solutions are analyzed graphically. With a scaling transformation, we also obtain the lump–kink solution which describes elastic interactions of a lump- and a kink-type wave for the \((3+1)\)-dimensional potential Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation.     

BIFURCATIONS OF TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS IN VARIANT BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS

The bifurcations of solitary waves and kink waves for variant Boussinesq equations are studied by using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems. The bifurcation sets and the numbers of solitary waves and kink waves for the variant Boussinesq equations are presented. Several types explicit formulas of solitary waves solutions and kink waves solutions are obtained. In the end, several formulas of periodic wave solutions are presented.     

BIFURCATIONS OF TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS FOR GENERALIZED DRINFELD-SOKOLOV EQUATIONS

Ansatz method and the theory of dynamical systems are used to study the traveling wave solutions for the generalized Drinfeld-Sokolov equations. Under two groups of the parametric conditions, more solitary wave solutions, kink and anti-kink wave solutions and periodic wave solutions are obtained. Exact explicit parametric representations of these travelling wave solutions are given.     

Wavelet Analysis of the Evolution of a Solitary Wave in a Composite Material

The evolution of a solitary wave propagating through a microstructural material (composite) is studied on the basis of wavelet analysis. A specific feature of the solution technique proposed is the use of Mexican hat (MH) wavelets, which are elastic wavelets, i.e., they are solutions of the basic system of wave equations for an elastic material with a microstructure. The initial wave profile is also chosen in the form of the MH-wavelet. Primary attention is given to the relationship among the profile behavior, wave bottom length, and characteristic microstructure length. A computer analysis conducted demonstrates that the approach proposed allows us to detect the basic wave effects: splitting of the wave into two modes with different phase velocities, simultaneous propagation of both modes in the components of the composite, and strong dependence of the evolution rate on the characteristic lengths of the wave and microstructure     

Exact traveling wave solutions for an integrable nonlinear evolution equation given by M. Wadati

By using the method of dynamical systems, the travelling wave solutions of for an integrable nonlinear evolution equation is studied. Exact explicit parametric representations of kink and anti-kink wave, periodic wave solutions and uncountably infinite many smooth solitary wave solutions are given.     

Travelling wave solutions for a second order wave equation of KdV type

The theory of planar dynamical systems is used to study the dynamical behaviours of travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear wave equations of KdV type.In different regions of the parametric space,sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of solitary wave solutions,periodic wave solutions,kink and anti-kink wave solutions are given.All possible exact explicit parametric representations are obtained for these waves.     

Wavelet Analysis of a Single Pulse in a Linearly Elastic Composite

Wavelet analysis is applied to study the evolution of a solitary wave propagating in a microstructural material (composite). Representing the solution in terms of elastic wavelets makes it possible to reveal the main wave microstructural effects and to extend the class of initial pulses. The initial profile is taken from short-term load experiments__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 38–46, April 2005.