化学学科核心素养导向的三元情境式教学实践——分散系及其分类

结合化学学科核心素养,提出了三元情境式教学模式。以“分散系及其分类”为例,按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的主线,呈现了包括生活情境、实验情境、社会情境的教学实录,为化学学科核心素养的培养提供了案例。     

通过巧设情境引领中职学生主动学习化学

在中职药学专业中,引领学生主动学习化学,一要情感参与,二需设置适宜的情境,可以通过问题、实验、药学史实、科普故事、生活经验和社会热点创设教学情境。     

“难溶电解质的溶解平衡”的探究教学设计及反思

化学探究教学的发展要求突破探究教学中仅对过程和环节的关注,更要将创新能力培养落到实处。以“难溶电解质的溶解平衡”的教学设计为例,详述了3个核心探究:沉淀溶解平衡的建立、沉淀的溶解及沉淀的转化。对实施创造性探究教学的策略进行了总结反思:选择生活中的情境素材,激发学生的探究欲望;理清知识本体和情境素材的逻辑关系,实现知识与情境的统一;对于核心探究环节,关键问题设置要精准。     

化学课堂教学中创设情境的方式

课堂教学是由一系列教学情境组成的整体。按照课堂教学过程中情境的呈现方式,将教学情境分为3种类型:“串烧型”教学情境、“连锁式”教学情境和“一条龙”教学情境。通过具体的教学设计,分析3类教学情境的特点和创设时应注意的问题。     

基于真实情境开展化学学科核心素养为本的教学案例

从《普通高中化学课程标准（2017年版）》的教学标准和考试大纲化学部分的考查标准出发,探讨素养为本的教学和学业评价中真实情境对教、学、考有机衔接的促进作用。通过基于真实情境的不同类型的主题教学实践案例,阐述认知台阶搭建、主题研究任务开发、教材内容整合、情境化单元课程建设与社会生活、生产实践、科技研究、实验探究的有效链接,为学生创设驱动性任务,在实际问题解决过程中构建联系性、发展性的知识框架和认知模型的教学设计策略,呈现素养为本的教学案例。     

鲁科版高中化学必修新教材情境素材分析与教学建议

研读新课程标准中的相关要求,分析鲁科版必修新教材的情境素材类型和呈现方式,得出教材中情境素材具有:微项目使实践情境大放异彩、史实情境彰显中华民族自信、情境素材充分体现STSE教育理念等特点。据此提出从静态的教材情境到动态的教学情境转化的3条教学建议:充分重视教材栏目所蕴含的情境教学功能;深挖教材情境素材所承载的学科核心素养;考虑教学的整体设计选取和呈现情境素材。     

探究“二氧化硫的性质”教学设计

为了优化二氧化硫性质的教学设计,提高教学效益,从生活情境切入,利用微型仪器和生活替代品开展实验探究活动,引导学生认识二氧化硫酸性氧化物的通性、特性及既有氧化性又有还原性的两面性,构建较为完整的二氧化硫知识体系;激发学习兴趣,培养环境意识和辩证唯物主义的世界观。     

在对比情境中走进真实的化学科学*——高一化学绪言课教学

绪言课的教学效果对于学生后续学习起着举足轻重的作用,基于对高一化学绪言课教学意蕴的分析,选取了历史与现代、生活与科研、国内与国外等多种情境素材,并设计成对比的教学情境,竭力将学生带进真实的化学科学,引领高中化学学习的方向,打开学生的国际视野,培养学生的家国情怀。并结合问卷调查对本节课教学效果进行了反思。     

核心素养导向下促进学生多角度认知有机物性质的教学研究——以“卤代烃”教学为例

正1教学整体构思从生活中并不少见的卤代烃,到最后运用所学解决"氯提废水"如何多途径处理为情境线索,贯穿卤代烃性质的知识线索,落实宏微结合、变化平衡、证据推理、实验探究、科学态度与社会责任等核心素养,整体构思见图1。2关键性教学环节的处理2.1真实情境为知识转化成素养搭建有意义的桥梁真实且又适合学生学情的情境(运动员用的冷冻喷雾剂,氯仿废水处理),不仅激发学生的学习     

“海水晒盐”情境分析及其在课堂教学中的运用

在化学教学中引入情境,让学生在情境中体验化学知识的获得过程,有利于增进学生对知识的理解,提高他们分析和解决实际问题的能力.本文以“海水晒盐”情境为例,分析了课堂教学中情境的特征,并结合具体教学过程,论述了在课堂教学中如何有效地创设和运用情境,以充分发挥情境的教学价值.     

Hydrate-containing phase equilibria for mixed guests of carbon dioxide and nitrogen

Hydrate-containing phase equilibria for mixtures composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water are of potential importance for the flow assurance in the transportation of captured carbon dioxide. Literature data for such mixture tend to be reported on water free basis. In this study three- and four-phase equilibria were experimentally studied at the pressure ranging from 5 to 20 MPa. Isobaric dissolution temperatures of formed hydrates were measured and reported for accurately determined loading compositions. Complex phase behaviors composed of two-, three- and four- phases were observed and they were analyzed by comparing with calculations using GSMGem program developed by Sloan and Koh [1]. Phase equilibria were found to be sensitive to water contents in water dominating mixtures. CSMGem and HYSYS (version 7.1) from AspenTech calculations were found in general agreements with present and literature data.     

基础化学教学中科学理解“化学平衡常数”的几点看法

在高中化学和大学普通化学等基础化学教学中,常常基于化学反应速率引入经验平衡常数,也有基于热力学理论引入标准平衡常数。经验平衡常数比较具体、形象,标准平衡常数比较抽象,但2者本质是一致的。经验平衡常数因存在多种形式及量纲等问题,相对复杂;标准平衡常数严格、规整,数值唯一,具有“大道至简”的特征。建议在教学中更多地从热力学角度来理解、概括化学平衡和平衡常数,在定量计算中尽可能统一使用标准平衡常数。     

A comparative study of particle swarm optimization and its variants for phase stability and equilibrium calculations in multicomponent reactive and non-reactive systems

Particle swarm optimization is a novel evolutionary stochastic global optimization method that has gained popularity in the chemical engineering community. This optimization strategy has been successfully used for several applications including thermodynamic calculations. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of PSO in phase stability and equilibrium calculations for both multicomponent reactive and non-reactive mixtures has not yet been reported. This study introduces the application of particle swarm optimization and several of its variants for solving phase stability and equilibrium problems in multicomponent systems with or without chemical equilibrium. The reliability and efficiency of a number of particle swarm optimization algorithms are tested and compared using multicomponent systems with vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium. Our results indicate that the classical particle swarm optimization with constant cognitive and social parameters is a reliable method and offers the best performance for global minimization of the tangent plane distance function and the Gibbs energy function in both reactive and non-reactive systems.     

Solubility of ammonia in aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid: Model development and application

A model to describe vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) in the ammonia-phosphoric acid-water system is developed. The model takes into account chemical reactions as well as physical interactions. Using interaction parameters and solubility contants as determined from experimental data on VLE and SLE, the model is capable of describing the phase behavior in this extremely complex system over a wide range of composition.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Ernst on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

复杂酸碱平衡系统的信号流图解法

用两种方法构建了二元酸平衡系统信号流图,应用信号流图操作规则对图操作,得到了关于二元酸平衡系统的正确计算结果.建立表示混合酸碱平衡系统信号流图,由图能简捷准确给出酸碱任意混合时溶液的[H ]精确式.     

含锶卤水体系相平衡和热力学研究进展

相平衡与热力学研究是卤水资源开发利用的理论依据,开展含锶多组分卤水体系相平衡和热力学研究,对于我国含锶卤水资源的开发利用具有重要的意义。从相平衡和热力学研究两方面,归纳总结国内外关于含锶卤水体系的研究现状,并指出了存在的主要问题和发展方向。     

Infrared spectroscopic study on chemical and phase equilibrium in triethylammonium acetate

Protic ionic liquid (PIL) triethylammonium acetate was prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of acetic acid and triethylamine, and then studied using the combination of the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, in-situ infrared spectroscopy, pH, and conductivity titration measurements. It was found that the equimolar synthesized triethylammonium acetate was separated into two layers, which suggesting that there were both chemical and phase equilibrium in this solution. Molecular species could be directly observed in the IR spectra over the range of 1200-1800 cm-1 and also checked by 1H NMR. Based on analysis, the upper layer was rich in amine with little acid and PIL, and the down layer was rich in PIL with residual acetic acid and amine. And single PIL-rich layer could be separated into two layers again when the mole ratio of newly added triethyamine to the theoretical produced triethylammonium acetate reached 0.12.     

Activity Coefficient and Excess Gibbs Free Energies of Propargyl Alcohol with Trichloroethylene

Abstract

Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data are measured at 200, 500 and 707 mm Hg at ten compositions spread evenly over the entire liquid mole fraction range, employing a Swietoslawski type ebulliometer. The liquid phase composition vs. bubble temperature (x-t) data are found to be well represented by Wilson model The optimum Wilson parameters are used to calculate the vapour phase compositions, activity coefficients and the excess Gibbs free energies.