鲁西北地区高中化学教师有效教学行为的调查与分析

通过对鲁西北地区高中化学教师有效教学行为的调查,揭示了高中化学教师不同教学行为有效性的差异、化学教师教学行为之不同形式的有效性及差异.调查发现高中化学教师化学演示行为、化学实验教学行为以及多样化教学行为有效性较低.为提高化学教师教学方面的有效性,笔者认为在高中化学教师培训工作中应重视实践知识的培训、吸取更多一线化学教师投入到化学实验教学资源的开发利用上来以改革化学演示实验,并增强化学探究实验的可行性.     

高中化学实验教学开放性与实效性的双落实

随着新课程改革的深入,实验在化学中的地位逐渐提高,教师对实验也相应地重视起来。但仍然存在化学实验教学低效或无效的行为,针对这种行为,笔者对化学实验教学的现状进行了认真的调查与分析,并在新课程教学中如何提高化学实验教学的有效性,从几方面进行了一些有效的探索和尝试。     

化学实验教学:冷与热的思考

对比初中化学评优课和常态课中实验教学的状况,分析化学实验在评优课中受热捧而日常教学遭冷遇的原因。依据2011年版义务教育化学课程标准中有关实验教学的规定和要求,提出从化学实验教学功能全面发挥的视角,提高对化学实验及其教学的认识,加强对化学实验教学的研究。建议从强化化学实验的功能意识、加强实验内容和功能的联系、注重实验教学行为的转变、重视学生良好实验习惯的养成等4个方面,提高化学实验教学质量。     

高中新课程化学实验教学现状的调查与分析——来自浙江新课程实验区的调查报告

对宁波地区实施高中新课程以来,化学实验教学的实际情况进行了调查,从实验教学的功能、实验开设情况、学生实验中活动方式、实验教学的评价、实验资源的开发利用等方面进行了分析,并就如何落实实验教学的三维目标、发挥实验教学功能、加强实验教学评价、开发实验教学资源等方面进行了反思,试图为一线教师和教材编写者提供一些参考。     

浙江大学基础化学实验研究生助教的实践和探索

研究生助教是对研究生自身能力的培养和锻炼,同时也补充了本科教学教师资源。提高本科教学的质量,需要加强对研究生助教的培训、指导、管理和考评,也需要加强课程教学的统一规范管理,加强对学生学习的督促和引导。本文探讨了基础化学实验研究生助教的教学经验,并对今后实验教学管理以及研究生助教的培养等提出一些思考和建议。     

教师是实验教学的重要资源——英国Kendrick中学化学实验资源开发的特点与启示

实验作为学生认识科学知识的媒体,以及培养学生科学素养的重要手段,在化学教学中占有不可忽视的地位。结合对英国里丁市Kendrick中学几位化学老师的访谈,从实验的生活化、探究性和适用性3个角度揭示英国GCSE化学实验教学的特点,并体会教师在实验教学资源选择和开发中的重要作用。     

以实验为中心组织教学发展学生智力的几点尝试

化学是以实验为基础的科学。化学实验在化学教学中起着特殊的重要作用。因此,许多化学教师都在研究加强和改进实验教学,积极探索科学的实验教学方法。传统的实验教学,一般都是按以下几个步骤来进行的：提出问题——教师演示——得出结论。     

对天津市化学实验教学研究现状的调查分析

实验是化学教学中永恒的主题。化学新课程的教学实践中,实验教学是不可忽视的重要组成。本文以化学新课程为背景,将化学实验条件、实施及理论、科学观念等问题编制为问卷,在天津市部分中学化学教师中进行调查,并对调查结果分析思考后得到若干启示,以利促进或加强当前新课程背景下的化学实验教学。     

介绍一本中学化学实验研究的专著

实验教学是中学化学教学的基础。要在中学教学中推进全面的素质教育,加强化学实验教学有着深远的意义。著名的化学家、教育家戴安邦教授曾经明确指出：“化学实验教学是全面的化学教育的一种最有效的教学形式”。研究如何提高中学化学教师的实验教学和实验研究能力,充分发挥实验教学在全面化学教育中的作用,是摆在化学教育工作者面前的重要任务。     

“一人一组”化学实验好

我区化学教师多年来积极贯彻教学大纲要求,在教学实践中,充分体会到扎扎实实地搞好并加强实验教学是保证提高化学教育质量的基础环节,化学实验在发展智力培养能力上具有关键性的、特殊的意义。为此,当前我区化学教学改革的主要内容就是加强化学实验教学。总结教师们的经验,有以下三个方面: ①改两人一组为“一人一组”的学生实验;②根据教学要求,将部分演示实验和学生实验的验证式改为探索式(或发现武);③加强实验效果的检查,实行学生实验考核。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

Advances in passive sampling in environmental studies

Passive sampling is based on the phenomenon of mass transport due to the difference between chemical potentials of analytes in a given environmental compartment and the collection medium inside a dosimeter. The subsequent laboratory procedure (i.e. extraction, identification and determination of analytes) is the same as in the case of classic sampling techniques.Passive sampling techniques are characterized by simplicity with regard to the dosimeter's construction as well as its maintenance. Therefore, they find ever increasing application in the field of environmental research and analytics. When choosing a passive sampling method, one should not forget that some passive samplers require the time-consuming calibration step before being used in the field.Novel solutions and modifications of existing sampler designs have been presented. Practical application of passive dosimetry in environmental analytics, including sampling of water, soil, air and other atypical media are discussed. Some aspects of calibration methods in passive dosimetry are also described. The latest trends in the application of passive sampling are highlighted.