光谱采集方式对AOTF-近红外光谱技术分析烟草主要化学成分的影响

初步探讨了不同光谱采集方式对AOTF-近红外光谱技术检测烟草主要化学成分及建模的影响。结果表明,以旋转方式采集光谱可以得到更多的样品信息,所建立的模型精度较高。从模型的各项指标来看,总糖、还原糖和总烟碱的相关系数很高,说明化学成分含量数据和光谱数据间有较好的相关性。实验结果表明AOTF-近红外光谱技术可用于烟草样品主要化学成分的常规分析。     

近红外光谱法快速测定再造烟叶成品小片中主要化学成分

提出了近红外光谱法快速测定再造烟叶成品小片中烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾、氯等6种主要化学成分的方法。直接采集再造烟叶成品小片,结合偏最小二乘回归算法建立了近红外光谱的分析模型。结果表明:再造烟叶成品小片的近红外光谱能真实、有效地表征待测样品的内在化学物质组成与含量信息;除总氮外,其余5种成分的再造烟叶成品小片近红外光谱分析模型的相关系数均大于0.90;烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾、氯等6种成分的预测误差分别为0.024 3,0.399 1,0.270 3,0.059 9,0.050 3,0.031 1。小片光谱分析模型效果与粉末光谱模型较接近,可以替代粉末模型用于再造烟叶成品小片化学成分含量的测定。     

烟草组分的近红外光谱和支持向量机分析

测定了120个产自福建、安徽和云南烟草样品的近红外光谱. 在利用支持向量机(SVM)技术建立其定量、定性分析模型之前, 用小波变换技术对光谱变量进行了有效的压缩, 然后采用径向基核函数建立了75个烟草样品的分类模型, 同时建立了总糖、还原糖、烟碱和总氮4个组分的定量分析模型, 并利用45个烟草样品对模型进行了检验. 仿真实验表明, 建立的SVM分类模型分类准确率达到100%, 而4个组分的定量分析模型的预测决定系数(R2)、预测均方差(RMSEP)和平均相对误差(RME)3个指标值显示其模型泛化能力非常强, 预测效果良好, 可见这是一种有效的近红外光谱的建模分析方法.     

近红外光谱技术在快速检验制丝过程中烟丝质量均一性上的应用北大核心CSCD

采用近红外光谱技术结合主成分分析-马氏距离法研究了卷烟制丝工艺过程中掺配、加香、贮丝及喂丝等4个工序段中烟丝样品的质量均一性。用主成分分析法提取近红外光谱所包含的特征信息,较全面地反映制丝过程4个不同取样点样本的离散程度,马氏距离可反映制丝过程中烟丝质量的波动情况。此外,采用成品烟丝的模型预测了取样点D处烟丝样品中6种化学成分(总植物碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾和氯)的含量,使不同批次的烟丝样品中化学成分的差异控制在合理范围,降低批次间卷烟产品化学成分含量的波动,能有效稳定品牌香烟的特征风格。     

近红外光谱技术在快速检验制丝过程中烟丝质量均一性上的应用

采用近红外光谱技术结合主成分分析-马氏距离法研究了卷烟制丝工艺过程中掺配、加香、贮丝及喂丝等4个工序段中烟丝样品的质量均一性。用主成分分析法提取近红外光谱所包含的特征信息,较全面地反映制丝过程4个不同取样点样本的离散程度,马氏距离可反映制丝过程中烟丝质量的波动情况。此外,采用成品烟丝的模型预测了取样点D处烟丝样品中6种化学成分(总植物碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾和氯)的含量,使不同批次的烟丝样品中化学成分的差异控制在合理范围,降低批次间卷烟产品化学成分含量的波动,能有效稳定品牌香烟的特征风格。     

无信息变量消除法变量筛选优化烟草中总氮和总糖的定量模型

应用近红外光谱技术对烟草常规化学成分中总氮和总糖进行了测定。无信息变量消除(UVE)剔除光谱矩阵中没有有效信息的数据点,并用偏最小二乘方法(PLS)建立总氮和总糖的定量分析模型,外部检验对模型效果进行了评价。总氮定量模型校正集的决定系数R2为93.35%,标准偏差SEC为0.10;外部检验集的决定系数R2为94.09%,标准偏差SEP为0.11,相对标准偏差RSD为6.12%;总糖的定量模型校正集的决定系数R2为98.20%,标准偏差SEC为0.95;外部检验集样品的决定系数R2为98.01%,标准偏差SEP为0.78,相对标准偏差RSD为2.93%。结果表明:采用UVE建立的总氮与总糖的模型优于用全谱建立的模型,UVE提高了PLS模型的预测能力。     

近红外光谱主成分-所有可能回归法定量分析烤烟、小麦样品中的组分含量

利用主成分-所有可能回归法,建立了烤烟、小麦样品不同组份的近红外光谱定量分析模型。结果表明,烤烟样品的总糖、还原糖以及小麦样品的蛋白质含量的预测模型均有好的定量分析结果,且其预测结果与PLS法预测结果相当。     

近红外光谱主成分—所有可能回归法定量分析烤烟,小麦样品中的组 …

利用主成分－所有可能回归法,建立了烤烟、小麦样品不同组份的近红外光谱定量分析模型。结果表明,烤烟样品的总糖、还原糖以及小麦蛋白质含量预测模型均有好的定量分析结果,县其预测结果与ＰＬＳ法预测结果相当。     

主成分分析-支持向量回归建模方法及应用研究

将主成分分析(PCA)用于近红外光谱的特征提取,并与支持向量回归(SVR)相结合,实现了主成分分析-支持向量回归(PCA-SVR)用于近红外光谱定量分析的建模方法。与单纯的SVR方法相比,不仅提高了运算速度,而且提高了模型的预测准确度。将PCA-SVR方法用于烟草样品中总糖和总挥发碱含量的测定,所得结果的预测均方根误差分别为1.323和0.0477;回收率分别为91.8%~112.6%和88.9%~120.2%。     

应用近红外光谱技术分析烟丝总糖和还原糖的研究

应用傅立叶变换近红外漫反射光谱仪,对同一品牌通过选择不同批号代表性好的卷烟烟丝样品,建立了卷烟烟丝总糖和还原糖的近红外定量分析数学模型,并对不同批号的分析样品进行检验,近红外预测值的平均相对误差为1.01%和0.77%,接近实测值,说明近红外光谱分析技术可用于卷烟烟丝生产质量指标的检测.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.