柔性锂离子电池的电极

科技进步使可穿戴设备等便携式电子产品得到了快速发展,柔性电池作为其核心部件,受到越来越多研究者的关注。锂离子电池因具有良好的循环稳定性和较长的使用寿命等优点,成为各类产品的主要电源。为满足电子产品柔性化、微型化发展需求,开发高能量密度的柔性锂离子电池成为亟待解决的问题,作为其关键材料之一的柔性电极是重要的研究方向。本文阐述了柔性锂离子电池电极的研究进展,包括基于自身带有电化学活性的碳材料、Mxene材料的一体化柔性电极,基于非电化学活性的聚合物材料、纺织材料、金属基的一体化柔性电极,以及为满足可穿戴设备可编织和大尺寸形变使用需求的宏观柔性新型电极结构设计,分析并探讨了柔性电极目前存在的问题,以期为未来高能量密度柔性锂离子电池的研究提供新的思路。     

新型柔性储能器件:柔性锂离子电池

柔性锂离子电池是一种新兴的锂离子电池，虽然与锂离子电池的工作原理相同，但使用柔性的集流体，因此展现出柔性，以及可弯折、可伸缩的特性，所以可以成为柔性/可穿戴器件的动力源。介绍了2种实现柔性锂离子电池的途径：一种是开发基于各种导电集流体（包括碳纳米管、石墨烯和碳布）的柔性锂离子电池；另一种是设计和构筑新型结构（包括电缆/电线型、透明型和可伸缩型）的柔性锂离子电池。     

锂离子电池电极材料选择

商用锂离子电池发展至今已有20年,为了满足不同方面的社会需求,人们迫切需要新型锂离子电池电极材料.本文首先简要介绍了锂离子电池的相关知识,随后对多种新型锂离子电池正负极材料的制备、改进方法及电化学性能做了详细介绍,最后对各种电极材料的优缺点进行了简要的总结.本文还对锂离子电池在未来的应用进行了展望,以期待锂离子电池更好...     

科技与时尚的结合——柔性可穿戴电池

随着智能便携式电子产品的不断涌现，高功率密度和高能量密度的柔性可穿戴电池得到越来越多的研究和关注。对国内外柔性电池在柔性电极材料、固态电解质、电池结构型式和制备工艺等方面的发展现状进行了总结，对柔性电池现存的问题进行了分析探讨，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

锂离子电池正极材料的第一性原理

锂离子电池的发展主要依赖于电极材料的突破,解决现有电极材料存在的问题和预测新型未知材料是提高锂离子电池性能的关键,而第一性原理计算的出现能够较好地满足这一需求.本文介绍了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池正极材料研究方面的原理和应用,对该原理在正极材料的平均嵌锂电压计算、嵌/脱锂机理、结构稳定性研究及新材料预测等方面的应用进行了详细论述,并指出了这一理论计算工具在电池材料设计过程中的重要性和局限性.     

纤维储能电池的设计和应用

以纤维锂离子电池为代表的纤维储能电池凭借其独特的一维结构,在物联网、可穿戴技术等新兴领域发挥着重要作用.然而,这类纤维储能电池在面向实际应用的过程中存在高效制备和性能匹配等难题尚未解决,最终无法实现由科学理论向实际应用的过渡.本文结合本课题组近期工作,总结了柔性纤维储能电池方面的研究进展.结合纤维锂离子电池的电化学性能、力学性能以及使用耐受性,首先讨论并归纳了纤维锂离子电池的连续化制备方法;进一步,总结了基于连续化制备的纤维锂离子电池所构建的储能织物以及与可穿戴设备集成等方面的应用,重点聚焦于其在大数据云健康、未来通讯、生物医学等领域的应用场景;最后,总结了柔性纤维储能电池的发展现状并展望了该研究领域的未来发展方向.     

有机硼酸锂盐及亚硫酸酯类功能电解质材料

随着锂离子电池对高安全性、高容量、高功率等性能的技术需求,新型功能电解质材料的研究开发成为锂离子电池新材料领域研发工作的重点.本文对面向锂离子电池应用的功能电解质材料锂盐和添加剂的最新研究进展作了较为全面的阐述,其中重点介绍了本研究团队近年来在面向改善锂离子电池安全性能、提高其温度适应性、增强电解质与电极材料相容特性等...     

基于软X射线光谱的锂电池材料的电子结构与演变的研究进展

开发新型高能量密度以及低成本的锂离子电池, 是有效应对能源危机和环境挑战的可行路径之一. 锂离子电池材料的电子结构与电子态的演化决定了材料诸多本征性质以及电池综合性能. 探测并操控电极材料电子态的演化对探求电极反应的物理机理、 促进电池材料发展具有重要意义. 基于同步辐射的软X射线光谱技术可以直接探测费米能级附近的电子态. 本文从阴阳离子氧化还原反应的不同角度对利用软X射线光谱对电子态演变的研究进行了总结, 获得了电极材料电化学循环过程中过渡金属与氧的电子态演化信息, 系统阐述并总结了不同锂离子电池材料中电子态的演化以及氧化还原反应机理的最新研究进展.     

锂离子电池LiBOB电解质盐研究

本文介绍了可用于锂离子电池的新型锂盐--双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)的基本性质,包括结构组成、合成方法、物理化学性能及其与结构的关系.综述了近年来在LiBOB新型电解质锂盐研究与探索方面的新成果,重点评价了BOB-阴离子对于石墨负极和金属氧化物正极材料表面的电化学性能.讨论了这种盐在锂离子系统中杂质和安全性等问题,归纳了其优缺点,指出今后电解质锂盐的研究发展方向.     

锂离子电池正极材料的第一性原理研究进展

锂离子电池的发展主要依赖于电极材料的突破,解决现有电极材料存在的问题和预测新型未知材料是提高锂离子电池性能的关键,而第一性原理计算的出现能够较好的满足这一需求。本文介绍了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池正极材料研究方面的原理和应用,并对该原理在正极材料的平均嵌锂电压计算,嵌/脱锂机理、结构稳定性研究及新材料预测等方面的应用进行了详细论述,并指出了这一理论计算工具在电池材料设计过程中的重要性和局限性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.