碱融浸取–离子选择电极法测定固体废物中的总氟

采用氢氧化钠熔融浸取固体废物中的氟,用离子选择电极法测定其中的总氟含量。固体废物样品经氢氧化钠高温熔融后,以热纯水浸取并加入适量的盐酸使溶液呈弱碱性,去除主要干扰离子。测定氟的线性范围为5.00~500μg,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,检出限为12.5 mg/kg。6种类型固体废物样品的加标回收率在90.4%~110.0%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3%~4.6%(n=6)。该方法样品预处理简单、重现性好、检出限低,适用于多种固体废物中总氟的测定。     

大体积进样–Ag柱除氯–离子色谱法测定水中溴酸盐

建立以大体积进样(250μL)–离子色谱测定水中溴酸盐(BrO_3~–)的方法。采用Ag柱离线去除样品中大量Cl~–以消除Cl~–干扰,同时保证痕量溴酸盐未沉淀,过滤后直接进样测定。BrO_3~–的质量浓度在2.0~25.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 2,方法检出限为0.8μg/L。自来水和矿泉水样品3浓度水平加标回收率为85.0%~101.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.6%~12.9%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,满足分析测试的要求。     

电热原子吸收光谱法测定水中总钼

建立电热原子吸收法测定水中总钼的含量。样品采用硝酸–过氧化氢消解,热解涂层石墨管减小记忆效应,塞曼背景校正消除背景噪声。检测了27种共存离子的干扰影响。经6家实验室对标准物质和实际样品检测验证,方法检出限为0.6μg/L,能够满足微量检测要求。钼测定结果相对误差最大值为–6.2%,实验室内相对标准偏差为4.5%~7.6%(n=6),实验室间相对标准偏差为4.3%~5.7%(n=6),加标回收率为91.8%~104.0%。该方法精密度和准确度满足我国地下水和废水监测技术规范的质控要求。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱–气相色谱串联质谱法分析土壤和茶叶中的多氯联苯

建立测定土壤和茶叶中多氯联苯(PCBs)的在线凝胶渗透色谱–气相色谱串联质谱法(GPC–GC–MS/MS)。对Qu ECh ERS前处理方法进行优化,采用乙腈提取,用Na Cl盐析分层,无水硫酸镁除水后,经C18,PSA和无水硫酸镁净化,用GPC–GC–MS/MS结合基质标准曲线确证及定量。PCBs在土壤和茶叶中的检出限分别为0.10~0.25μg/kg和0.03~0.30μg/kg,7种PCBs在20~300μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,土壤和茶叶样品基质的线性相关系数分别为0.998 2~0.999 2和0.998 6~0.999 5。土壤和茶叶样品的加标回收率分别为84.9%~107.3%,82.7%~108.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.4%~7.3%,3.1%~6.8%(n=6)。该方法简便、高效、准确,适合于土壤和茶叶样品中PCBs残留的定量分析和快速监测。     

GPC–HPLC–MS/MS法测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量

以动植物油脂为实验材料,建立了测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量的凝胶渗透色谱–高效液相色谱–串联质谱(GPC–HPLC–MS/MS)法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC–ESI–MS/MS)分析,多反应监测模式(MRM)下外标法定量。在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性良好,天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素的相关系数分别为0.999 6,0.999 8,0.999 8,检出限为0.5μg/kg。在5μg/kg添加水平下,空白加标回收率为71.5%~82.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~8.3%(n=6)。该方法样品处理过程简便快捷,测定结果准确,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。     

ICP–MS法测定食品接触纸制品中铬、镍、砷、镉、铅、汞

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS)测定食品接触纸制品中铬、镍、砷、镉、铅、汞6种重金属含量的方法。样品经微波消解处理后用ICP–MS进行测定,内标法定量。在优化实验条件下,测定汞元素的线性范围在0~10μg/L之间,测定铅、镉、铬、镍、砷元素的线性范围在0~100μg/L之间,相关系数均大于0.999。各元素的检出限为0.001~0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率为89.3%~116.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.5%~7.9%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,检测灵敏度高,适用于食品接触纸制品中铬、镍、砷、镉、铅、汞的检测。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素

建立饮用水中微囊藻毒素(MC–RR,MC–LR)的超高效液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法。样品经PVDF针式过滤头过滤后直接进样,采用喷雾正离子源(ESI~+)和多重反应监测模式(MRM)测定。MC–RR的质量浓度在0.02~10.00μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.998 9,检出限为0.096μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.6%~9.1%(n=7),加标回收率为99.0%~103.0%。MC–LR的质量浓度在0.1~20μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.999 2,检出限为0.188μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.3%~10.0%(n=7),加标回收率为93.0%~114.0%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于饮用水中微囊藻毒素的检测。     

流动注射法测定鲜木薯中氰化物

建立稀氢氧化钠溶液超声提取鲜木薯中的氰化物,再用流动注射分析仪测定其含量的方法。将粉碎的样品以2 g/L氢氧化钠溶液提取,取上清液用流动注射分析仪进行定量分析。氰化物质量浓度在0~0.500μg/m L范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,线性方程为y=9.147×10~(–6)x–6.454×10~(–2),相关系数为1.000 0,方法检出限为0.05mg/kg,高、中、低3个浓度样品氰化物检测结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.6%(n=6),加标回收率为96.8%~97.8%。采用该方法对木薯样品进行测定,测定结果满足国标GB 5009.36–2016食品中氰化物的检测误差要求。该方法线性范围宽,重复性好,可用于鲜木薯中氰化物含量的快速检测。     

微波消解–ICP–MS法测定话梅中的二氧化钛

建立了微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP–MS)测定话梅中二氧化钛的方法。话梅样品用硝酸及过氧化氢经微波消解仪消解,将消解液除酸定容后用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定,以内标法测得钛的含量,并转换成样品中的二氧化钛含量。钛含量在0~500μg/kg范围内与信号强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.04μg/kg。在0.06,0.15,0.30μg/kg的添加水平下,加标回收率为80%~100%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~3.9%(n=6)。该法稳定性好,测定结果准确、可靠。     

微波消解–分光光度法测定陶瓷原料中二氧化钛

采用微波消解–二安替比林甲烷分光光度法测定陶瓷原料中二氧化钛的含量。探讨了样品消解用酸的种类、检测波长、显色时间和显色剂用量对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,以HNO_3–HF–H_2O_2溶解样品,395 nm为检测波长,显色20 min,显色液用量为12 m L时测试结果满意。测定钛的线性范围为0~2.0μg/m L,线性相关系数r~2=0.999 5,方法检出限为0.56μg/g。用该法对4种标准物质进行分析验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.64%~2.28%(n=6),加标回收率为95.3%~104%。用该方法和国标方法对乐山和眉山地区陶瓷原料样品进行分析比对,经t检验证明,两种方法测定结果无显著性差异。该方法快速、准确,适合陶瓷原料中二氧化钛的检测。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定空气中的铍

对300余个样品进行监测,选择灵敏度高的石墨管和最佳基体,提高灰化、原子化的温度,确立了石墨炉原子吸收法测定空气中铍含量的实验条件。样品采用干灰化消解法,最佳溶剂为质量分数l％的硝酸溶液,利用仪器内置的样品浓度计算程序,绘制工作曲线直接获得样品中铍的含量。方法检出限为0．021μg／L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2％（n=6）,线性范围为0～6．5μg／L,加标回收率为91．6％～107％。     

固相萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法光谱分析铝合金中痕量铍的研究

建立了固相萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铝合金中铍的方法。利用偶氮砷酸类试剂7-(2′-胂酸基-5′-羧酸)苯偶氮-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(H2L)与Be2+形成螯合物,该螯合物可用C18固相萃取柱富集,而Al3+则不被保留。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定C18柱洗脱液中的Be2+的螯合物,从而实现铝合金中铍的分离检测。最佳实验条件为:采用pH=3.0的5%H2L水溶液螯合Be2+,水相上柱,用2mL体积比为50%的甲醇/水溶液作为洗脱液。结果表明:经过C18柱固相萃取可以去除Al3+的干扰,Be2+的测定范围为0.05～16μg/L,检出限为0.025μg/L,加标回收率为92%～108%。应用该法于铝合金标样中铍的测定,结果与认定值相符。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍

建立石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍含量的方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,在最佳实验条件下,采用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-双氧水混合酸体系微波消解土壤样品,选用抗坏血酸-硝酸镁混合溶液为基体改进剂。铅、镉、钴、锑、铍的质量浓度在各自的范围内与吸光度成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,各元素的检出限为0.008~0.06 μg/g。样品加标回收率为90.5%~104.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2.5%(n=6)。该方法样品前处理简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,测定结果准确、可靠,可用于土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍的测定。     

Acrylamide‐functionalized graphene micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography for the online analysis of trace monoamine acidic metabolites in biological samples

Monoamine acidic metabolites in biological samples are essential biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. In this work, acrylamide‐functionalized graphene adsorbent was successfully synthesized by a chemical functionalization method and was packed in a homemade polyether ether ketone micro column as a micro‐solid‐phase extraction unit. This micro‐solid‐phase extraction unit was directly coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography to form an online system for the separation and analysis of three monoamine acidic metabolites including homovanillic acid, 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in human urine and plasma. The online system showed high stability, permeability, and adsorption capacity toward target metabolites. The saturated extraction amount of this online system was 213.1, 107.0, and 153.4 ng for homovanillic acid, 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, respectively. Excellent detection limits were achieved in the range of 0.08–0.25 μg/L with good linearity and reproducibility. It was interesting that three targets in urine and plasma could be actually quantified to be 0.94–3.93 μg/L in plasma and 7.15–19.38 μg/L in urine. Good recoveries were achieved as 84.8–101.4% for urine and 77.8–95.1% for plasma with the intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations less than 9.3 and 10.3%, respectively. This method shows great potential for online analysis of trace monoamine acidic metabolites in biological samples.     

Determination of molybdenum in infant formula and human milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with barium difluoride as matrix modifier

A method for the determination of molybdenum in infant formula and human milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was developed and optimized. Samples were injected directly in the graphite tube with barium difluoride as the matrix modifier. The detection limit was 0.89 μg Mo l^?1. The molybdenum levels found in infant formula and human milk were 0.09–2.23 μg Mo g^?1 and 2.32–8.38 μg Mo l^?1, respectively.     

正丁醇萃取-原子荧光光谱法间接测定茶叶中的钼

建立了正丁醇萃取原子荧光光谱法间接测定茶叶中钼的方法。基于As?和钼酸铵在0.3 mol/LH2SO4介质中能形成砷钼杂多酸,且形成的杂多酸可以被有效地萃取到有机溶剂中,原子荧光光谱法直接测定有机相中的砷,间接得到钼的含量。在优化的实验条件下,钼含量在0.09～15.0-g/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限是0.09-g/L,相对标准偏差为2.3%,据此对不同茶叶样品进行分析,加标回收率为95.2%～96.9%。本方法对茶叶中Mo的检测结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法相符合。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析鸡蛋中利巴韦林及其代谢物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速测定鸡蛋中利巴韦林及其两种主要代谢物 TCONH2和RTCOOH 的分析检测方法。样品采用乙腈-水(9∶1, V/ V)提取,乙腈饱和正己烷除脂,C18结合 GCB 进行固相分散萃取除杂,Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq 色谱柱(100 mm ×3.0 mm,1.8μm)分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。结果表明：利巴韦林、TCONH2和 RTCOOH 分别在2.0~200μg/ L,0.5~200μg/ L,5.0~200μg/ L 浓度范围内,线性良好,相关系数 R2>0.99,检出限分别为0.54,0.09和1.54μg/ L,定量限分别为1.79,0.31和5.13μg/ L。在5.0,10.0和50.0μg/ L 加标水平下,利巴韦林和 RTCOOH 回收率分别为96.1%~99.6%和42.9%~58.3%;在0.5,2.0和5.0μg/ L 加标水平下,TCONH2的回收率为75.9%~106.7%,相对标准偏差均为4.2%~12.7%。实际样品测定结果表明,本方法操作简单、快速、准确,能够满足鸡蛋中利巴韦林及其两种主要代谢物的分析检测。     

Evaluation of magnetic matrix solid‐phase dispersion for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A vortex‐assisted magnetic matrix solid‐phase dispersion method was proposed for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in different matrix water samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Magnetic bamboo charcoal (MBC) was synthesized for the adsorption of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples. Complete separation of the liquid phase and the solid magnetic bamboo charcoal was easily achieved by using a permanent magnet. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity in the range of 0.006–5.0 μg/L was obtained with regression coefficients (r) higher than 0.9986. Based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, limits of detection were found to be 0.001–0.003 μg/L. Relative standard deviations ranged from 2.92 to 6.56%. Relative recoveries were 96.6–111.2% for the spiked wastewater sample and 90.7–104.7% for the spiked lake water sample. All results showed that the proposed method was simple, sensitive, and reliable for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples.     

Simultaneous determination of antiviral drugs in chicken tissues by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of seven antiviral drugs, amantadine, rimantadine, memantine, moroxydine, imiquimod, oseltamivir, and acyclovir, in chicken liver, muscle, and egg. Homogenized samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid and acetonitrile solutions and then purified by cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction. The target drugs were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a UPLC BEH Amide column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer operating in the positive multiple‐reaction mode. A perfectly linear relationship was obtained within the concentration ranges of 0.5–20 μg/L for acyclovir and 0.1–10 μg/L for the other six antiviral drugs. The average recoveries of the seven antiviral drugs using four addition levels in chicken liver, muscle, and eggs were 82.67–90.10, 82.30–92.27, and 81.98–93.77%, respectively, and the acceptable coefficients of variation were 5.18–9.88, 4.84–11.2, and 42.8–9.95%, respectively. The detection limits and detection capabilities of the analysis method for the seven antiviral drugs were in the ranges of 0.04–0.64 and 0.11–0.78 μg/kg, respectively. Additionally, an inter‐laboratory study among five laboratories further validated the method.     

Determination of 38 antibiotics in raw and treated wastewater from swine farms using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

The present study firstly aimed at developing a multi-residue method to identify and quantify 38 veterinary antibiotics (belonging to five different classes) not only for raw swine wastewater but also for wastewater differently treated by different units. The proposed method is based on a solid-phase extraction procedure and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. For sample preparation, the optimal loading sample volume was selected as 50 mL, the pH of which was adjusted to approximately 3.0 using formic acid. Then 0.1 g/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was added. The recovery rates for different types of wastewaters were in the range of 35.94–124.51% and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 0.36–14.62%. All the matrix standard curves exhibited high linearity (0.9956–0.9999). The matrix effects for the target antibiotics ranged from –61.73 to +148.75%. To ensure the practicality of the method, we performed the detection of the actually added concentration to determine method detection limits and quantitation limits. The quantitation limits of most of the target antibiotics were 0.04 μg/L, except for spiramycin (0.1 μg/L) and roxithromycin (0.2 μg/L). This optimized and validated method was applied to analyze antibiotic residues in swine water samples from four swine farms.