微波消解-ICP-AES法测定玉米芯中的微量元素含量

采用微波消解处理样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了我国北京、山东、吉林、云南、新疆、甘肃、山西、陕西、江苏、内蒙十个省区玉米芯中Zn,Mg,Mn,Sr,Fe,Pb,Cu和Se八种元素的含量。加入1.5 mL 68%的HNO₃以及0.5 mL HF作为消解剂,在400 W微波功率下3步即可完全将样品消解。测定上述八种元素的相对偏差及回收率分别为: 0.72%～4.16%,95.5%～104.5%;1.58%～3.66%,98.2%～103.5%;0.19%～4.58%,97.0%～103.2%;1.31%～4.90%,95.7%～104.1%;1.40%～4.01%,95.9%～104.6%;1.55%～4.28%,95.1%～104.5%;2.16%～5.00%,96.4%～103.5%;2.00%～4.99%,95.1%～101.3%。方法快速、简便、灵敏度高、准确性好,可多元素同时测定,且无损失和环境污染小。     

某新型液体推进剂组分含量的测定

建立了三种方法测定某新型液体推进剂组分含量,分别是液相色谱紫外检测器法(HPLC-UVD)、液相色谱示差折光检测器法(HPLC-RID)、核磁共振法(NMR)。HPLC-UVD法测定推进剂中硝酸酯(A)、安定剂(B)的含量,实验相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=7)分别为0.30%、0.55%,回收率分别是99.2%—100.7%、99.1%—100.8%。HPLC-RID法测定A、B、安定剂(C)的含量,RSD(n=6)分别是0.05%、0.32%、0.17%,回收率分别为99.81%—100.17%、100.28%—100.49%、99.55%—100.79%。NMR法测定A、B、C的含量,RSD(n=12)分别是0.21%、0.32%、0.11%,回收率分别为98.8%—101.6%、98.7%—102.0%、98.2%—101.2%。     

发射光谱法同时测定钛基复合材料中的镍铁钼锰和硼的研究

研究了用碳粉、碳酸钙、氧化铜和氧化铍作缓冲剂同时测定钛基复合材料中的镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的发射光谱法,选择铍作内标线,不需分离、不需化学处理,直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中,具有简便、快速、准确。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究,从而建立测定镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的新方法。镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的分析线分别为300.36,248.33,315.82,260.57和249.68 nm,内标线选择为铍的298.61 nm,镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的线性范围分别为0.003%～0.30%;0.001%～0.20%;0.003%～0.30%;0.001%～0.20%;0.001%～0.20%。镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的检测限分别0.003%,0.001%,0.003%,0.001%,0.001%,其回收率在95.80%～104.8%范围内,当n=9时,相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%。用于样品的测定取得了满意的结果。     

原子吸收光谱法测定水泥中的钠、钾、镁和铁

对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水泥中的钠、钾、镁和铁的方法进行研究。在选定的最佳仪器条件下,测定钠、钾、镁和铁的RSD分别为1.81%、1.05%、2.68%、1.12%。水泥样品中钠、钾、镁和铁的回收率分别为102.0%—104.0%、98.4%—100.4、98.0%—102.0%、98.0%—100.3%。方法操作简单,测试快速,结果准确稳定。     

基于改进量子算法的模糊图像恢复研究

为了提高模糊图像恢复质量,提出量子环型对称算法。首先建立量子环型对称模型,同环上非同圆上的量子信息交流通过虚拟连接实现,同圆上有其他量子与非同圆上的量子信息交流可借用原先建立的虚拟连接实现;接着自检过程实现量子纠错;然后基于梯度范数对原始图像估计,通过辅助变量对模糊核函数最小化求解,超拉普拉斯先验来恢复清晰图像;最后给出了算法实现流程。实验仿真显示本文算法峰值信噪比相比IF、WF、GS、TVGS、CM、HLD分别提高了35.47%、42.58%、28.69%、23.39%、21.05%、14.28%,背景控制因子相比IF、WF、GS、TVGS、CM、HLD分别提高了17.61%、22.41%、12.77%、8.48%、6.76%、6.17%,信息熵相比IF、WF、GS、TVGS、CM、HLD分别提高了35.19%、42.27%、27.46%、19.15%、11.35%、6.31%,平均梯度相比IF、WF、GS、TVGS、CM、HLD分别提高了58.23%、69.79%、47.33%、36.73%、27.55%、11.85%,优于其他算法,为模糊图像恢复提供了新的思路与方法。     

离子色谱-脉冲安培检测器分析饮料中单糖和二糖

建立了等度离子色谱-脉冲安培检测分析饮料中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和乳糖的方法。采用CarboPacPA10分离柱对分离条件进行了优化,确定柱温为30℃、淋洗液为52mmol.L-1的NaOH溶液,在0.10—20.0mg.L-1范围内葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、乳糖呈良好线性,回收率分别为93.3%—112.5%、102.2%—111.6%、96.8%—99.6%、88.0%—102.6%,检出限分别为0.8、4.0、5.0、10.0mg.kg-1,精密度分别为0.18%—1.21%、0.53%—3.76%、0.65%—2.54%、1.65%—5.11%。检测了饮料中的单糖和二糖,效果良好。     

基于色素特征荧光光谱的浮游植物分类测量方法

光合作用色素组成是浮游植物分类的重要依据。通过对蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻和隐藻等5个门类浮游植物三维荧光光谱的差异性分析,提取了与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素、藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白等光合色素相关的36个特征荧光光谱点,提出了基于色素特征荧光光谱的不同门类浮游植物分类测量方法。对铜绿微囊藻、小球藻、桅杆藻、光甲藻和卵形隐藻的实验结果表明:色素特征荧光光谱法对5种藻类纯种样品的测量误差分别为5.15%、5.63%、7.90%、4.85%、6.55%,对优势藻类(质量分数高于50%)的测量误差分别为7.96%、8.69%、5.44%、10.78%、15.57%,对劣势藻类(质量分数低于30%)的测量误差分别为18.29%、17.52%、20.01%、29.11%、20.14%,测量结果准确度达到了三维荧光光谱法水平,但数据量和计算时间仅是三维荧光光谱法的1.1%和2.2%,是一种快速有效的浮游植物分类测量方法。     

火焰原子吸收法测定夏枯草、桑叶、野菊花中十种微量元素

湿法消化样品 ,火焰原子吸收法测定三种草药中的 Mg、Ca、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni、Pb、Cd、Fe、Cu等 10种微量元素。回收率分别为 97.7%— 10 1.5 % ;96 .0 %— 10 5 .1% ;97.1%— 10 3.6 % ,相对标准偏差为 1.6 %—4 .5 % ;1.7%— 4 .7% ;1.7%— 4 .6 %。结果表明 ,三种草药均含有丰富的微量元素如 Mg、Ca、Zn、Mn、Fe、Cu等 ;为原料的开发和应用提供有效数据。     

ICP-OES测定电路板制造废水中的铜、镍和锡

建立了电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法测定电路板制造废水中铜、镍和锡的方法,研究了消解方法及分析谱线的选择。该方法与国标原子吸收光谱法比较结果无显著性差异。方法应用于不同浓度电路板制造废水的测定,铜、镍和锡的方法检出限分别为0.006、0.005、0.008mg/L,加标回收率分别为91.6%—102.6%、93.0%—105.0%、92.6%—101.8%,相对标准偏差分别为0.7%—2.6%、1.5%—4.5%、1.1%—3.2%。     

ICP-AES测定山药中微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了山药中钾、钙、钠、镁、锰、铜、铁、锌8种微量元素的含量.8种元素的RSD分别为1.12%,0.69%,0.57%,0.28%,3.54%,2.23%,1.48%,2.49%.平均回收率为92.3%-102.2%,该方法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于山药等中草药中多种...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.