含随机参数的非线性黏弹性有限元计算

进行了粗粒土与结构接触面单调和循环加载试验，基于宏细观测量结果, 扩展了 损伤概念以 描述该类接触面在受载过程中的物态演化, 及由于物态演化导致的力学特性从初始状态到最终 稳定状态的连续变化过程. 揭示了接触面损伤的细观物理基础主要是接触面内土的颗粒破碎 和剪切压密这两种物态演化；指出接触面的剪胀体应变可以划分为可逆性和不可逆性剪胀体 应变两部分，其中不可逆性剪胀体应变可作为接触面损伤发展的宏观量度，因此其归一化 形式可作为一种损伤因子的定义；提出了建立粗粒土与结构接触面一种损伤本构关系的基本思路.     

接触面损伤演化过程的数值模型

结合接触面在细观尺度上的非均匀性及其损伤演化规律,提出了一种可以考虑接触面损伤演化过程的数值模型.数值模拟得到的剪切应力-剪切位移关系表明:随着剪切位移的增加,接触面上产生的损伤单元导致曲线斜率逐渐降低;当接触面被完全剪断后,模型中的剪切应力出现了一定程度的下降,此后的剪应力在摩擦力的作用下基本保持不变.模型所能承受的...     

基于细观拓扑结构演化的颗粒材料剪胀性分析

剪胀性是包括岩土材料在内的摩擦性颗粒材料的重要特征之一,其形成机制与颗粒体系内部拓扑结构的演化有关.基于颗粒体系细观数据,可对颗粒体系内部的拓扑结构特征及演化进行分析,进而建立拓扑演化与宏观剪胀变形之间的联系.采用离散单元法,根据密实、中密和松散摩擦性颗粒材料双轴试验的宏微观数据,从拓扑参量演化及接触网络拓扑变化所引起...     

双连梁短肢剪力墙结构的随机损伤演化分析

基本于概率密度演化方法和混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型,本文针对一类新型双连梁短肢剪力墙开展了随机损失演化模拟研究.基于广义概率密度方程分别研究了结构荷载与受拉、受剪损伤随机过程,分析了三者在结构受力全过程中均值、方差以及变异系数的变化特征;通过不同随机参数组合计算结果与结构均值反应的对比,发现宏观结构荷载-位移曲线和细观受拉、受剪损伤随位移变化过程之间存在很大差异;通过分析研究典型位移水平下结构荷载与受拉、受剪损伤的概率密度曲线以及其极限状态下各自所对应的等概率线分布,不仅阐释了随机损伤演化的多样性与复杂性,而且为从本质上认识非线性问题提供了可能途径.     

基于声发射矩张量分析混凝土破坏的裂纹运动

从细观上看, 混凝土是一种由骨料、水泥浆基体、裂纹等组成的非均匀复合材料. 单轴准静态加载条件下, 应力应变曲线表现出明显的准脆性特征. 其变形破坏过程实质上是内部微裂纹产生、扩展和汇合的过程, 研究细观尺度的裂纹扩展演化将有助于深入了解混凝土的变形和破坏过程. 声发射作为一种物理检测方法可以获取材料内部细观损伤演化的物理信息. 本文基于声发射技术, 结合改进的时差定位算法和矩张量理论对声发射信号进行分析, 反演了混凝土巴西劈裂破坏中裂纹位置、裂纹类型以及裂纹面运动方向, 揭示了混凝土宏观拉伸破坏的细观裂纹扩展机制. 结果表明: 裂纹运动过程清晰地显示了混凝土内裂纹源首先在试件与载荷接触面附近产生, 之后聚集形成局部损伤区域, 并沿轴线向中心扩展(加载平面)以及裂纹从试件中间向表面扩展的动态过程(厚度方向); 裂纹运动体积可以作为裂纹形成、扩展过程中弹性能释放的度量, 初始裂纹成核时体积参数较小, 峰值载荷时, 裂纹运动体积最大达到$5.93\times10^{-4}$ mm$^{3}$; 混凝土宏观尺度的拉伸破坏在细观尺度上存在有拉伸裂纹、混合裂纹以及剪切裂纹; 拉伸裂纹最多, 占裂纹总数约为60%, 剪切裂纹最少, 约占裂纹总数的10%; 拉伸裂纹运动主导了试件的宏观劈裂破坏.      

基于声发射矩张量分析混凝土破坏的裂纹运动

从细观上看,混凝土是一种由骨料、水泥浆基体、裂纹等组成的非均匀复合材料.单轴准静态加载条件下,应力应变曲线表现出明显的准脆性特征.其变形破坏过程实质上是内部微裂纹产生、扩展和汇合的过程,研究细观尺度的裂纹扩展演化将有助于深入了解混凝土的变形和破坏过程.声发射作为一种物理检测方法可以获取材料内部细观损伤演化的物理信息.本文基于声发射技术,结合改进的时差定位算法和矩张量理论对声发射信号进行分析,反演了混凝土巴西劈裂破坏中裂纹位置、裂纹类型以及裂纹面运动方向,揭示了混凝土宏观拉伸破坏的细观裂纹扩展机制.结果表明:裂纹运动过程清晰地显示了混凝土内裂纹源首先在试件与载荷接触面附近产生,之后聚集形成局部损伤区域,并沿轴线向中心扩展(加载平面)以及裂纹从试件中间向表面扩展的动态过程(厚度方向);裂纹运动体积可以作为裂纹形成、扩展过程中弹性能释放的度量,初始裂纹成核时体积参数较小,峰值载荷时,裂纹运动体积最大达到5.93×10-4 mm3;混凝土宏观尺度的拉伸破坏在细观尺度上存在有拉伸裂纹、混合裂纹以及剪切裂纹;拉伸裂纹最多,占裂纹总数约为60%,剪切裂纹最少,约占裂纹总数的10%;拉伸裂纹运动主导了试件的宏观劈裂破坏.     

非贯通裂隙岩体损伤演化率相关性及变形特征

含非贯通裂隙岩体是自然界中岩体的主要赋存形式,其裂隙几何特征对岩体的强度及变形均产生显著影响。应变率对岩体的损伤演化及黏滞效应也具有显著的率相关性。首先,运用模型元件的方法,将非贯通裂隙岩体动态破坏过程视为具复合损伤、静态弹性特性、动态黏滞特性的非均质点组成,对黏弹性响应的Maxwell体进行改进,将细观损伤体与裂隙损伤演化的宏观损伤体根据等效应变假设并联组成宏细观复合损伤体,构建综合考虑岩体宏细观缺陷的动态损伤模型;其次,基于断裂力学及应变能理论,对岩体宏观裂隙动态扩展的能量机制进行分析,综合考虑初始裂隙应变能、裂隙动态损伤演化过程应变能、裂隙闭合应变能,得到裂隙岩体宏观动态损伤变量计算公式;最后,将模型计算结果与实验结果进行比较,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的合理性,同时利用模型讨论了裂隙倾角、应变率、岩石性质对岩体变形特征的影响规律。     

土剪胀性的应力路径相关规律及其模拟

建立能够反映土的变形和强度特性应力路径依存性的本构模型, 首先需要解决土剪胀规律的应力路径依存性问题. 对黏土和砂土剪胀性的应力路径依存性做了系统的分析和比较,模型预测与试验结果的比较表明: 剑桥模型和统一硬化模型在描述土的这一特性方面都有一定缺陷; 采用部分塑性体应变与塑性剪应变耦合的思路建立的渐近状态模型能够较好地反映土剪胀性的应力路径依存性.      

平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料面内剪切细观损伤行为研究

采用约西佩斯库(Iosipescu)纯剪切试件,研究了平纹编织SiC/SiC和C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切应力-应变行为和细观损伤特性.通过试验获得了材料不同方向上的单调和迟滞应力-应变行为,对比分析了两种材料的剪切损伤特性,结果表明材料的剪切损伤演化规律受热残余应力水平影响严重.由试件断口电镜扫描结果发现剪切加载状态下桥连纤维承受显著的弯曲载荷和变形,据此提出了纤维弯曲承载机制,并结合裂纹闭合效应分阶段阐释了材料的剪切迟滞环形状.基于材料的剪切细观损伤机制,通过两个损伤变量表征了材料的剪切损伤演化进程,得到了材料的面内剪切细观损伤演化模型.对比发现2D-C/SiC复合材料45°方向基体裂纹的起裂应力明显小于2D-SiC/SiC复合材料,而两者0°/90°方向裂纹的起裂应力基本相同.      

混凝土三维细观模型的建模方法与力学特性分析

根据混凝土材料的细观组成和结构特点,基于三维Voronoi图形提出了一种简单高效的混凝土细观模型生成方法,利用塑性损伤模型对该细观模型进行了单、多轴应力状态下的准静态分析以及SHPB动态有限元分析。结果表明,数值模拟得到的应力应变曲线和破坏模式与实验结果基本吻合,本文中提出的混凝土三维细观模型可较好地模拟混凝土的静、动态力学特性,为进一步从细观力学角度研究混凝土损伤演化规律和破坏机理提供了模型基础。     

Constitutive modeling of soil-structure interface through the concept of critical state soil mechanics

The behavior of soil-structure interface can be crucial to the overall response of a soil-structure system. The numerical simulation of soil-structure interaction problem requires proper modeling of the interface. The similarity between the behavior of soil and interface is first analyzed in the present paper. With this similarity, the concept of critical state soil mechanics (CSSM), which has been successfully used in the modeling of soil behavior, is used to develop a constitutive model for soil-structure interface in the framework of generalized plasticity. The model is capable of modeling strain hardening, softening, normal dilatancy and stress-path dependency of interface between sandy soil and structures during shearing. The effects of normal pressure as well as density of sand are captured in the model. The performance of the model is verified with various experimental results. The unified modeling of the behavior of interfaces with different roughness, different density of soil and different normal pressures using the concept of CSSM is also successfully attempted.     

Micromechanical analysis of damage in saturated quasi brittle materials

In this paper, we propose a micromechanical analysis of damage and related inelastic deformation in saturated porous quasi brittle materials. The materials are weakened by randomly distributed microcracks and saturated by interstitial fluid with drained and undrained conditions. The emphasis is put on the closed cracks under compression-dominated stresses. The material damage is related to the frictional sliding on crack surface and described by a local scalar variable. The effective properties of the materials are determined using a linear homogenization approach, based on the extension of Eshelby’s inclusion solution to penny shaped cracks. The inelastic behavior induced by microcracks is described in the framework of the irreversible thermodynamics. As an original contribution, the potential energy of the saturated materials weakened by closed frictional microcracks is determined and formulated as a sum of an elastic part and a plastic part, the latter entirely induced by frictional sliding of microcracks. The influence of fluid pressure is accounted for in the friction criterion through the concept of local effective stress at microcracks. We show that the Biot’s effective stress controls the evolution of total strain while the local Terzaghi’s effective stress controls the evolution of plastic strain. Further, the frictional sliding between crack lips generates volumetric dilatancy and reduction in fluid pressure. Applications of the proposed model to typical brittle rocks are presented with comparisons between numerical results and experimental data in both drained and undrained triaxial tests.     

Constitutive Theory of Plasticity Coupled with Orthotropic Damage for Geomaterials

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｇｅｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｓｕｃｈａｓｒｏｃｋａｎｄｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ,ｔｈｅｆｒｉｃｔｉｏｎａｌｓｌｉｄｉｎｇａｌｏｎｇｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｉｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｍｏｄｅｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＭｏｈｒ＿Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂｔｈｅｏｒｙ ;ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒｃｒａｃｋｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｓｔｏｄａｍａｇｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ .Ｔｈｅｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｏｆｄａｍａｇｅａｎｄｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｏｆａｐｈｅｎｏｍ…     

Critical state shear behavior of the soil-structure interface determined by discrete element modeling

The interface between soil and structure can be referred to as a soil-structure system, and its behavior plays an important role in many geotechnical engineering practices. In this study, results are presented from a series of monotonic direct shear tests performed on a sand-structure interface under constant normal stiffness using the discrete element method (DEM). Strain localization and dilatancy behavior of the interface is carefully examined at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. The effects of soil initial relative density and normal stress on the interface shear behavior are also investigated. The results show that a shear band progressively develops along the structural surface as shear displacement increases. At large shear displacement a unique relationship between stress ratio and void ratio is reached in the shear band for a certain normal stress, indicating that a critical state exists in the shear band. It is also found that the thickness and void ratio of the shear band at the critical state decreases with increasing normal stress. Comparison of the DEM simulation results with experimental results provides insight into the shear behavior of a sand-structure interface and offers a means for quantitative modeling of such interfaces based on the critical state soil mechanics.     

Mechanical Behaviors of Saturated Sand under Complicated Loading

The different physical states of saturated sand, including shear elasticity, positive dilatancy, and negative dilatancy (preliminary negative dilatancy, secondary negative dilatancy and reversal negative dilatancy) are revealed based on the pore water pressure response of saturated sand in undrained dynamic torsional tests of thin cylinder samples and also checked by the drained cyclic triaxial tests under a given mean effective normal stress. According to the effective stress path of different physical states under the undrained cyclic torsional tests the physical state transformation surface, stress history boundary and yield surface are determined, and the state boundary surface is also determined by the range of effective frictional stress state movement. Based on the moving yield surface without rotation, and the expanding stress history boundary surface relevant to the stress path variations under different physical states in 3D stress space, a physical state model is proposed to provide a new app     

Modeling interface shear behavior of granular materials using micro-polar continuum approach

Recently, the authors have focused on the shear behavior of interface between granular soil body and very rough surface of moving bounding structure. For this purpose, they have used finite element method and a micro-polar elasto-plastic continuum model. They have shown that the boundary conditions assumed along the interface have strong influences on the soil behavior. While in the previous studies, only very rough bounding interfaces have been taken into account, the present investigation focuses on the rough, medium rough and relatively smooth interfaces. In this regard, plane monotonic shearing of an infinite extended narrow granular soil layer is simulated under constant vertical pressure and free dilatancy. The soil layer is located between two parallel rigid boundaries of different surface roughness values. Particular attention is paid to the effect of surface roughness of top and bottom boundaries on the shear behavior of granular soil layer. It is shown that the interaction between roughness of bounding structure surface and the rotation resistance of bounding grains can be modeled in a reasonable manner through considered Cosserat boundary conditions. The influence of surface roughness is investigated on the soil shear strength mobilized along the interface as well as on the location and evolution of shear localization formed within the layer. The obtained numerical results have been qualitatively compared with experimental observations as well as DEM simulations, and acceptable agreement is shown.     

粗晶超塑性单轴拉伸颈缩模拟

利用粘塑性本构模型模拟粗晶超塑性单轴拉伸。数值结果表明，颈缩的位置及发展过程受拉伸应变速率的影响。不只一处分散不均匀变形相互牵制与协调，使材料得以在接近均匀的状态下经受大的变形，模拟得到的局部应变速率演化曲线，可以预测变形局部化发展的情况。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤分析的连续介质损伤力学模型

针对复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤问题,提出了一种各向异性材料连续介质损伤力学模型,模型涵盖损伤表征、损伤起始判定和损伤演化法则3 个方面. 通过材料断裂面坐标下的损伤状态变量矩阵完成损伤表征,并考虑断裂面角度的影响,建立了主轴坐标系下的材料损伤本构关系. 损伤起始由卜克(Puck) 失效准则预测,损伤演化由断裂面上的等效应变控制,服从基于材料应变能释放的线性软化行为. 模型区分了纤维损伤和基体损伤,并根据冲击载荷下层内产生多条基体裂纹继而扩展至界面形成层间裂纹(分层) 的试验观察,引入基体裂纹饱和密度参数表征层间分层. 以[0₃/45/-45]_S 和[45/0/-45/90]_4S 两种铺层的复合材料层合板为例,预测了不同冲击能量下复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤响应参数,试验结果证明了连续介质损伤力学模型的有效性.模型在不同网格密度下的计算结果表明单元特征长度的引入可以在一定程度上降低损伤演化阶段对网格密度的依赖性.