表面裂纹疲劳扩展的数值模拟

建立了一种无形状约束的模拟表面裂纹在线弹性断裂力学条件下疲劳扩展的数值方法,并研究了表面疲劳裂纹形状演化和裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIF)的分布特征。该方法以三维有限单元技术和Paris疲劳裂纹扩展规律为基础,并在裂纹扩展增量计算中考虑了裂纹闭合影响。本文第一部分主要介绍模拟三维疲劳裂纹扩展的数值方法的理论背景和相关的技术细节。着重分析和讨论基于三维有限单元法计算裂纹SIF所涉及的几个主要问题:裂纹尖端单元网格密度对估算精度的影响;自由表面的影响及其修正方法;裂纹尖端非正交单元网格的影响及修正方法。     

界面裂纹问题中的弹性T项和应力强度因子

研究两相材料有限板含单边界面裂纹的断裂力学特性，对不同的材料组合用广义变分法分析了不同尺寸试件和裂纹长度下的应力强度因子和弹性T项，讨论了材料特性对应力强度因子和弹性T项的作用．分析了试件尺寸和裂纹长度对应力强度因子和弹性T项的影响．     

有限单元节点位移约束与释放

1.引言 在用有限单元法解某些弹性力学问题时,常常需要对域内节点之间的相对位移施加约束条件。例如二维八节点四边形等参元广泛用于断裂力学问题,用坍塌(Collapsed)三角形四分之一节点奇异元计算裂纹应力强度因子。但是,应该指出,这个单元的奇异性依赖于坍     

双参数弹性地基板计算新方法

弹性地基板的弯曲问题,尤其是自由边板,一直是学者和工程师们所十分关切的问题。本文用无单元法研究双参数弹性地基板的弯曲问题,由最小二乘法和变分原理导出了双参数弹性地基板的无单元法刚度短阵,编制相应的无单元法计算程序,并给出计算实例。结果表明本方法精度良好,可求出任意荷载作用下板中任一点的挠度、转角、弯矩和扭矩,且有广泛的工程应用前景。     

无单元法分析弹性地基板

弹性地基板的计算是学和工程师们十分关切的问题,本提出了分析Ｗｉｎｓｌｅｒ地基、双参数地基和半空间弹性地基板弯曲问题的无单元法,推导了无单元法的插值函数,从变分原理出发导出弹性地基板的刚度矩阵,给出计算实例,与其它的方法的结果进行比较,数值结果表明无单元法具有一系列优点。     

弹性力学的杂交自然单元法

为了解决自然单元法无法直接求解节点应力以及应力解精度不高的问题, 将应力杂交的思想引入自然单元法中, 与弹性问题的Hellinger-Reissner变分原理结合, 提出了弹性问题的杂交自然单元法. 算例表明: 杂交自然单元法的计算结果与解析解吻合, 证明该方法是可行的; 在求解应力方面, 杂交自然单元法比自然单元法有着更高的计算精度, 而且可以直接求解出节点的应力.     

正交各向异性板平面剪切型裂纹应力强度因子的复变—变分解法

1 引言为了改善计算的精度和效率并消除离散化所带来的力学模型不确定性,本文提供了求解具有内部裂纹的有限宽板平面剪切型应力强度因子的复变-变分解法.2 各向异性边缘裂纹板的应力与位移场由二维各向异性弹性理论,满足所有基本方程的应力与位移分量可以表达为如下形式     

用动力学边界单元法研究动应力强度因子

本文介绍了一种二维瞬态弹性动力学边界单元法,并用此法研究了不同裂纹长度中心裂纹板在不同载荷下的动应力强度因子。结果表明,此类瞬态弹性动力学边界单元法是十分有效的。它是研究弹性动力学问题的一个有力的工具。     

链状柔性多体机器人系统动力学研究

本文基于Ｊｏｕｒｄａｉｎ变分原理建立了具有链状拓扑结构柔性多体机器人系统动力学通用模型，用在一致质量有限单元法及正则模态分析基础上引入的模态坐标描述构件的弹性形，用独立坐标描述相邻板件间的大位移运动，每个铰容许１－６个自由度，组强非线性惯性耦合的封闭形式的系统动力学微分方程组，文末对单弹性臂和双弹性臂机器人操作手进行动力学仿真。     

FRP加固金属裂纹板的断裂力学分析

传统的金属结构加固方法会形成新的疲劳源,而粘贴FRP加固则具有明显的优势．提出了“三维实体-弹簧-壳元”有限元模型,金属板采用三维实体单元, FRP采用壳单元,用弹簧单元来模拟FRP与金属板之间的胶层,对金属裂纹板粘贴FRP加固后的性能进行了线弹性断裂力学分析,并对影响金属板裂纹前缘应力强度因子的参数进行了讨论．分析结果表明,采用高弹性模量的FRP和增加FRP的厚度对改善加固效果非常明显．     

Dynamic interaction of multiple arbitrarily oriented planar cracks in a piezoelectric space: A semi-analytic solution

The problem of determining the electro-elastic fields around arbitrarily oriented planar cracks in an infinite piezoelectric space is considered. The cracks which are acted upon by a transient load are either electrically impermeable or permeable. A semi-analytic method based on the theory of exponential Fourier transformation is proposed for solving the problem in the Laplace transform domain. The Laplace transforms of the jumps in the displacements and electric potential across opposite crack faces are determined by solving a system of hypersingular integral equations. Once these displacement and electric potential jumps are obtained, the displacements and electric potential and other physical quantities of interest, such as the crack tip stress and electric displacement intensity factors, can be computed with the help of a suitable algorithm for inverting Laplace transforms. The stress and electric displacement intensity factors are computed for some specific cases of the problem.     

NEW BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR TORSION PROBLEMS OF CYLINDER WITH CURVILINEAR CRACKS

The Saint-Venant torsion problems of a cylinder with curvilinear cracks were considered and reduced to solving the boundary integral equations only on cracks. Using the interpolation models for both singular crack tip elements and other crack linear elements, the boundary element formulas of the torsion rigidity and stress intensity factors were given. Some typical torsion problems of a cylinder involving a straight, kinked or curvilinear crack were calculated. The obtained results for the case of straight crack agree well with those given by using the Gauss-Chebyshev integration formulas, which demonstrates the validity and applicability of the present boundary element method.     

Convolution of the impact three-dimensional elasto-dynamics and dynamic stress intensity factor for an elliptic cracks

This paper presents a formulation for three-dimensional elastodynamics with an elliptic crack based on the Laplace and Fourier transforms and the convolution theorem. The dynamic stress intensity factor for the crack is determined by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. The results of this paper are very close to those given by the two-dimensional dual integral equation method. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (K19672007)     

A contour integral method for dynamic stress intensity factors

The contour integral method previously used to determine static stress intensity factors is applied to dynamic crack problems. The required derivatives of the traction in the reference problem are obtained numerically by the displacement discontinuity method. Stress intensity factors are determined by an integral around a contour which contains a crack tip. If the contour is chosen as the outer boundary of the body, the stress intensity factor is obtained from the boundary values of traction and displacement. The advantage of this path-independent integral is that it yields directly both the opening-mode and sliding-mode stress intensity factors for a straight crack. For dynamic problems, Laplace transforms are used and the dynamic stress intensity factors in the time domain are determined by Durbin's inversion method. An indirect boundary element method, incorporating both displacement discontinuity and fictitious load techniques, is used to determine the boundary or contour values of traction and displacement numerically.     

The influence of elastic waves on dynamic stress intensity factors (three-dimensional problems)

Summary The fundamental solutions of the displacement discontinuity for three-dimensional problems in Laplace space are deduced in thsi paper. The displacement discontinuity method and the equivalent stress method were combined and used to determine dynamic stress intensity factors for three-dimensional time-dependent crack problems. The stress intensity factors were calcualted for dynamically loaded cracks with rectangular, circular, and elliptical crack fronts. The influence of elasticity waves (in particular surface waves) on the magnitude of the stress intensity factor and on the displacement of the crack surfaces was analysed.On leave from the Central-South University of Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China.     

Dynamic stress intensity factors of two collinear mode-III cracks perpendicular to and on the two sides of a bi-FGM weak-discontinuous interface

The mechanical model was established for the anti-plane dynamic fracture problem for two collinear cracks on the two sides of and perpendicular to a weak-discontinuous interface between two materials with smoothly graded elastic properties, as opposed to a sharp interface with discontinuously changing elastic properties. The problem was reduced as a system of Cauchy singular integral equations of the first kind by Laplace and Fourier integral transforms. The integral equations were solved by Erdogan's collocation method and the dynamic stress intensity factors in the time domain were obtained through Laplace numerical inversion proposed by Miller and Guy. The influences of geometrical and physical parameters on the dynamic stress intensity factors were illustrated and discussed, based on which some conclusions were drawn: (a) to increase the thickness of the FGM strip on either side of the interface will be beneficial to reducing the DSIF of a crack perpendicular to a bi-FGM interface and embedded at the center of one of the FGM strips; (b) To increase the rigidity of the FGM strip where the crack is located will increase the DSIF. However, when the material in one side of the interface is more rigid, the DSIF of the interface-perpendicular embedded crack in the other side will be reduced; (c) To decrease the weak-discontinuity of a bi-FGM interface will not necessarily reduce the stress intensity factor of a crack perpendicular to it, which is different from the case of interfacial crack; (d) For two collinear cracks with equal half-length, when the distance between the two inner tips is less than about three times of the half-length, the interaction of them is intensified, however, when the distance is greater than this the interaction becomes weak.     

Solutions of thermoelastic crack problems in bonded dissimilar media or half-plane medium

The two-dimensional thermoelastic crack problem in bonded dissimilar media or in a half-plane medium is considered. The proposed method for solving this problem consists of two parts. In the first part, complex potential functions are derived which are enforced to satisfy the continuity conditions across the interface, while the second part consists of the derivation of singular integral equations by introducing the dislocation functions along the crack border which are solved numerically. For both half-plane and two bonded half-plane problems associated with an insulated crack, the thermal stress intensity factors are computed numerically by using the appropriate interpolation formulae. The results compared with those of the homogeneous case given in the literature show that the method proposed here is effective, simple and general.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

3D dynamic stress intensity factors around two parallel square cracks in an infinite elastic medium under impact load

Summary  Transient stresses around two parallel cracks in an infinite elastic medium are investigated in the present paper. The shape of the cracks is assumed to be square. Incoming shock stress waves impinge upon the two cracks normal to tzheir surfaces. The mixed boundary value equations with respect to stresses and displacements are reduced to two sets of dual integral equations in the Laplace transform domain using the Fourier transform technique. These equations are solved by expanding the differences in the crack surface displacements in a double series of a function that is equal to zero outside the cracks. Unknown coefficients in the series are calculated using the Schmidt method. Stress intensity factors defined in the Laplace transform domain are inverted numerically to the physical space. Numerical calculations are carried out for transient dynamic stress intensity factors under the assumption that the shape of the upper crack is identical to that of the lower crack. Received 2 February 2000; accepted for publication 10 May 2000     

Dynamic stress intensity factors around a cylindrical crack in an infinite elastic medium subject to impact load

This paper investigates transient stresses around a cylindrical crack in an infinite elastic medium subject to impact loads. Incoming stress waves resulting from the impact load impinge on the crack in a direction perpendicular to the crack axis. In the Laplace transform domain, by means of the Fourier transform technique, the mixed boundary value equations with respect to stresses and displacements were reduced to two sets of dual integral equations. To solve the equations, the differences in the crack surface displacements were expanded in a series of functions that are zero outside the crack. The boundary conditions for the crack were satisfied by means of the Schmidt method. Stress intensity factors were defined in the Laplace transform domain and were numerically inverted to physical space. Numerical calculations were carried out for the dynamic stress intensity factors corresponding to some typical shapes assumed for the cylindrical crack.