纤维增强聚合物布加固裂纹木梁的稳定性

梁中横向裂纹等效为无质量内部转动弹簧，假定纤维增强聚合物(FRP)布与梁表面紧密粘贴，建立了考虑轴向压力二阶效应FRP 布加固裂纹梁线性弯曲的控制方程，并得到其显式解析通解．在此基础上，研究了FRP加固简支裂纹木梁的稳定性，通过数值求解方程，分析了纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)布含量、裂纹深度和位置以及数量等因素对CFRP 布加固简支裂纹杉木梁临界载荷的影响，结果表明：CFRP 加固可明显减小裂纹深度和数量等对裂纹杉木梁临界载荷的影响，且裂纹处弯矩较大或裂纹较深时加固效应愈加显著；CFRP 加固裂纹木梁临界载荷随CFRP 布加固层含量的增加而增加，但当CFRP 布含量达到一定值后，进一步增加CFRP 含量对CFRP加固裂纹梁临界载荷提高并不明显．     

表面裂纹蠕变分析的蠕变线弹簧模型方法

鉴于用通常的数值方法分析三维蠕变裂纹问题的困难,提出了一个三维表面裂纹蠕变断裂力学参量分析的蠕变线弹簧模型方法,并在非稳态蠕变条件下的位移、裂纹尖端J积分和C积分的工程估算公式及弹塑性线弹簧模型的基础上,建立了蠕变线弹簧模型方法的有关基本方程．具体分析计算了受均匀拉伸表面裂纹平板的J积分和C积分,并与三维有限元解进行了比较,其结果吻合良好．研究结果为进一步研究三维表面裂纹的蠕变扩展及寿命预报提供了基础．     

钢框架高等分析中考虑局部屈曲的子结构法

将相对自由度概念引入三维实体等参数单元,得到了16结点相对自由度壳元的插值表达式,并基于更新拉格朗日构型的虚位移原理推导了该壳单元的刚度矩阵。在单元刚度矩阵形成以后采用子结构法对内部结点自由度进行聚缩,根据薄壁构件相关假定并考虑截面翘曲因素的影响,通过边界结点的位移协调条件把壳单元组装成每端7个自由度的薄壁梁-柱单元参与整体分析,可以考虑板件局部屈曲的影响;突破了传统分析的紧凑型截面限制,并通过算例证明了本文方法的精确度和有效性。     

曲厚壳单元在斜板拱桥分析中的应用

介绍了利用曲厚壳单元对斜板拱桥进行空间受力分析,并将曲厚壳单元所得结果与采用实体单元分析的结果和模型实验所得结果进行了比较,证明利用曲厚壳单元来分析斜板拱桥是行之有效的。     

集中载荷作用下FRP布加固带裂缝木梁的弯曲

将FRP布视为正交各向异性材料,考虑其拉伸与压缩时的双弹性模量性质,给出了四周粘贴FRP布加固带裂缝木梁四点弯曲的边值问题,得到了FRP布加固木梁挠度的解析解,并验证了其有效性和适用性.参数分析表明:相比于侧面粘贴CFRP布,在木梁受拉侧沿轴向粘贴CFRP布的刚度加固效果更加显著;CFRP布加固木梁的挠度随CFRP加固布厚度和弹性模量的增加而减小,但当侧贴CFRP布厚度增加到某一值时,继续增加厚度对木梁挠度的减少效果已不明显;当受拉侧CFRP布厚度较小时,木梁挠度随CFRP布厚度的增加非线性减小,而当受拉侧CFRP布厚度较大时,木梁挠度随CFRP布厚度几乎呈线性减小.同时,当侧贴CFRP布的剪切模量很大时,此时,CFRP布加固带裂缝木梁的挠度趋于CFRP布加固完整无裂缝木梁的挠度,此时,CFRP加固完全消除了裂缝因素.     

圆筒形容器轴向表面裂纹热冲击问题的开裂分析

本文提出多点线弹簧模型(MPLSM),用于分析沿壳厚应力变化剧烈的三维表面裂纹问题:外场采用三维有限元数值模拟,而在内场以受多个集中力作用的平面应变板条边裂纹为基础,将内场解化为二维问题,同外场进行渐近匹配求解,从而避免了在裂纹尖端附近进行精细的三维有限元的分析。将这一模型编制成相应的计算程序模块,实现了同ADINA&T的装配。就第一类边界条件的热冲击瞬态温度场,本文还给出一种渐近解,在此基础上,求解了圆筒形容器轴向表面裂纹的应力强度因子随时间的变化规律。     

含内埋裂纹的板条瞬态响应分析

利用线弹簧模型求解了阶跃载荷作用下含内埋裂纹的无限长板条问题,对采用基于线弹簧模型的解析方法求解三维裂纹动态问题作了有益的探索。定性解释了动态线弹簧采用静态线弹簧本构关系的可行性,通过积分变换方法,导出了描述内埋裂纹板条动态问题的Cauchy型奇异积分方程。进行了数值计算,对模型应用的合理性作了理论解释,并对内埋裂纹板条瞬态响应的影响因素作了细致的分析。     

钢筋混凝土柱破坏过程扩展有限元数值模拟

为描述钢筋混凝土柱的破坏过程,分别建立了由三维实体单元和三维杆单元构成的精细化模型以及结合纤维梁单元的纤维梁与实体单元耦合模型。耦合模型中,钢筋混凝土柱下段混凝土和钢筋分别用三维实体单元与三维杆单元建模,通过耦合连接实现精细单元与粗糙单元之间的变形协调。基于混凝土弹塑性本构关系,运用扩展有限元方法模拟钢筋混凝土柱的荷载-位移曲线以及开裂过程,并进行比较。数值模拟与试验结果的比较表明,模拟得到的裂缝位置以及荷载-位移曲线与试验结果吻合较好。扩展有限元具有无需重划网格、无需预设裂纹的优点,能有效地模拟筋混凝土柱的开裂过程。耦合模型具有计算效率高的优势,且能较好地模拟构件的破坏模式。     

用三维有限元模型计算复合材料粘接修补裂纹板的J积分

用复合材料单边粘接修补带裂纹金属板是三维应力问题,而采用简化的二维有限元分析模型计算则有一定近似性。本文建立了三维有限元模型,并计算了其断裂参数J积分。计算分析结果表明,厚度方向上J积分值是变化的,并且修补边比未修补边的J积分值有明显减小;修补前后裂纹面的张开位移明显不同;裂纹板模型的J积分值与裂纹长度在修补前为二次关系,修补后,变成线性关系;粘胶和补片的厚度、粘胶的模量对J积分的影响比较显著。为了提高修补性能,需要对粘胶和补片的几何尺寸和材料性能进行优化。     

基于非线性弹簧界面的复合材料分层损伤预测

基于功能等效的原理,用自定义本构的非线性弹簧模拟复合材料层间界面,弹簧的刚度随着界面层的牵引力-位移曲线变化,可以表征界面材料性能的线性和非线性退化过程。对复合材料单一型分层和混合型分层损伤演化过程进行了模拟分析,研究了单元尺寸、界面强度等参数对模拟结果的影响机理。结果表明:非线性弹簧界面单元能够准确地模拟分层损伤的起始和扩展过程,使用非线性弹簧模拟界面可以减小计算模型规模,与内聚力单元相比计算效率提高约10倍;裂纹每扩展一个单元长度所需要的能量与单元尺寸成正比,单元尺寸越大,裂纹扩展所需要的能量越大;界面强度越低,初始裂纹尖端张开过程越平缓,模型的收敛性越好,可以通过降低弹簧单元界面强度来减小模型计算规模。     

Strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in hybrid beams

The finite element modeling and fracture mechanics concept were used to study the interfacial fracture of a FRP-concrete hybrid structure. The strain energy release rate of the interfacial crack was calculated by the virtual crack extension method. It is shown that the crack growth has three phases, namely, cracking initiation, stable crack growth and unstable crack propagation. The effects of geometric and physical parameters of the hybrid beam on the energy release rate were considered. These parameters include Young’s moduli of the FRP, the concrete and the adhesive, thickness of the FRP plate and adhesive, and the distance of FRP plate end from the beam end. The numerical results show that the energy release rate of the interfacial crack is influenced considerably by these parameters. The present investigation can contribute to the mechanism understanding and engineering design of the hybrid structures.     

Cohesive zone model of intermediate crack-induced debonding of FRP-plated concrete beam

External bonding of FRP plates or sheets has emerged as a popular method for strengthening reinforced concrete structures. Debonding along the FPR–concrete interface can lead to premature failure of the structures. In this study, debonding induced by a flexural crack in a FRP-plated concrete beam is analyzed through a nonlinear fracture mechanics method. The concrete beam and FRP plate are modeled as linearly elastic simple beams connected together through a thin layer of FRP–concrete interface. A bi-linear cohesive (bond-slip) law, which has been verified by experiments, is used to model the FRP–concrete interface as a cohesive zone. Thus a cohesive zone model for intermediate crack-induced debonding is established with a unique feature of unifying the debonding initiation and growth into one model. Closed-form solutions of interfacial stress, FRP stress and ultimate load of the plated beam are obtained and then verified with the numerical solutions based on finite element analysis. Parametric studies are carried out to demonstrate the significant effect of FRP thickness on the interface debonding. The bond-slip shape is examined specifically. In spite of its profound effect on softening zone size, the bond-slip shape has been found to have little effect on the ultimate load of the plated beam. By making use of such a unique feature, a simplified explicit expression is obtained to determine the ultimate load of the plated concrete beam with a flexural crack conveniently. The cohesive zone model in this study also provides an efficient and effective way to analyze more general FRP–concrete interface debonding.     

FRP-to-concrete interfaces between two adjacent cracks: Theoretical model for debonding failure

External bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. The performance of the interface between FRP and concrete is one of the key factors affecting the behaviour of the strengthened structure. Existing laboratory research has shown that the majority of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with a bonded FRP soffit plate fail due to debonding of the plate from the concrete. Two types of debonding failures have been commonly observed: plate end debonding and intermediate crack induced debonding. In order to understand and develop methods to predict such debonding failures, the bond behaviour between concrete and FRP has been widely studied using simple shear tests on FRP plate/sheet-to-concrete bonded joints and a great deal of research is now available on the behaviour of these bonded joints. However, for intermediate crack induced debonding failures, the debonding behaviour can be significantly different from that observed in a simple shear test. Among other factors, the most significant difference may be that the FRP plate between two adjacent cracks is subject to tension at both cracks. This paper presents an analytical solution for the debonding process in an FRP-to-concrete bonded joint model where the FRP plate is subject to tension at both ends. A realistic bi-linear local bond-slip law is employed. Expressions for the interfacial shear stress distribution and the load–displacement response are derived for different loading stages. The debonding process is discussed in detail. Finally, results from the analytical solution are presented to illustrate how the bond length affects the behaviour of such bonded joints. While the emphasis of the paper is on FRP-to-concrete joints, the analytical solution is equally applicable to similar joints between thin plates of other materials (e.g. steel and aluminium) and concrete.     

双轴载荷作用下源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的一种边界元分析

利用一种边界元方法来研究双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹．该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfied建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成．在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界,文中算例说明本数值方法对计算平面弹性裂纹的应力强度因子是非常有效的。该文对双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的数值结果进一步证实本数值方法对计算复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示双轴载荷及裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响。     

Debonding of FRP-plated reinforced concrete beam,a bond-slip analysis. I. Theoretical formulation

External bonding of FRP plates or sheets has emerged as a popular method for strengthening reinforced concrete. Debonding along the FRP–concrete interface can lead to premature failure of the structure. In this study, a bond-slip model is established to study the interface debonding induced by a flexural crack in a FRP-plated concrete beam. The reinforced concrete beam and FRP plate are modeled as two linearly elastic Euler–Bernoulli beams bonded together through a thin layer of FRP–concrete interface. The interface layer is essentially modeled as a large fracture processing zone of which the stress–deformation relationship is described by a nonlinear bond-slip model. Three different bond-slip models (bi-linear, triangular and linear-damaging) are used. By dividing the debonding process into several stages, governing equations of interfacial shear and normal stresses are obtained. Closed-form solutions are then obtained for the interfacial shear and normal stresses and the deflection of the beam in each stage of debonding. In such a way, the proposed model unifies the whole debonding process, including elastic deformation, debonding initiation and growth, into one model. With such a superior feature, the proposed model provides an efficient and effective analytical tool to study FRP–concrete interface debonding.     

FRP加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶分析

为了研究纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶破坏过程,本文将混凝土梁和FRP 板均视为线弹性的欧拉-伯努利梁(Euler-Bernoulli beams), 且两者通过粘结层胶结在一起. 对于FRP-混凝土结构,有两种形式的脱胶破坏：板端脱胶破坏和跨中裂缝导致的脱胶破坏.对于FRP-混凝土梁,利用合理的粘结模型按第2 种脱胶失效形式,详细讨论了FRP-混凝土界面的脱胶过程,得到了不同阶段的胶结滑移、界面剪应力和FRP 轴向力的解析解. 实验研究验证了理论分析的结果,参数研究进一步探讨了胶结长度和粘结层厚度对于FRP-混凝土界面脱胶行为的影响.     

An effective boundary element method for analysis of crack problems in a plane elastic plate

A simple and effective boundary element method for stress intensity factor calculation for crack problems in a plane elastic plate is presented. The boundary element method consists of the constant displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements proposed by YAN Xiangqiao. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element was placed locally at the corresponding left or right each crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Test examples (i. e. , a center crack in an infinite plate under tension, a circular hole and a crack in an infinite plate under tension) are included to illustrate that the numerical approach is very simple and accurate for stress intensity factor calculation of plane elasticity crack problems. In addition, specifically, the stress intensity factors of branching cracks emanating from a square hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads were analysed. These numerical results indicate the present numerical approach is very effective for calculating stress intensity factors of complex cracks in a 2-D finite body, and are used to reveal the effect of the biaxial loads and the cracked body geometry on stress intensity factors.     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。