聚电解质混合物在均匀带电平面上吸附的密度泛函研究

采用非局域密度泛函理论计算方法(NLDFT), 我们研究了两种带相反电荷的聚电解质混合物在均匀带电平面上的吸附以及吸附层的电荷反转现象. 我们对表面带电密度和聚电解质链段的价态对吸附的影响做了系统研究, 发现在体系中不含小离子的情况下, 当体系中两种聚电解质链段都为单价时, 和表面带相反电荷的聚电解质链能够吸附在平面上, 而和表面带相同电荷的聚电解质链和表面之间相互排斥, 整个过程就是表面电荷被与之带相反电荷的聚电解质链上所带电荷中和的过程, 没有出现明显的电荷反转现象|当体系中作为反离子存在的聚电解质链段价态为二价时, 和表面带相同电荷的聚电解质链能在表面上吸附, 出现明显的电荷反转现象. 理论研究表明, 以反离子居中为媒介的静电相关效应是聚电解质混合物出现多层吸附的主要驱动力之一.     

表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能影响的机理研究:Gemini表面活性剂与聚电解质相互作用的分子动力学模拟

表面活性剂可以与污泥表面的胞外聚合物(EPS)吸附形成胶束,释放出自由水和结合水,从而达到改善污泥脱水性能的目的.本文采用粗粒化的分子动力学模拟方法,研究了Gemini表面活性剂与EPS形成复合物的过程和结构.聚电解质链的亲疏水性对吸附过程有显著影响,亲水聚电解质链与Gemini表面活性剂吸附的主要驱动力为静电吸引,Gemini表面活性剂头基吸附在链上,尾链朝向溶剂;疏水聚电解质链与Gemini表面活性剂吸附过程由静电作用与疏水作用共同促进,Gemini表面活性剂以平行于聚电解质链的构型存在.Gemini表面活性剂联结基团长度对吸附过程的影响甚微;聚电解质链的电荷密度对亲水聚电解质链的吸附产生协同作用,对疏水聚电解质链的吸附不产生作用.     

大离子诱导聚电解质/表面活性剂复合物的解离

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了大离子与聚电解质/表面活性剂复合物的相互作用, 考察了大离子的电性、直径、表面电荷、浓度等对其与复合物相互作用的影响. 结果表明, 与聚电解质所带电性相同的大离子对复合物作用不明显, 只有当大离子所带电荷较多时, 才会引导少量表面活性剂从复合物中脱离. 当大离子所带电荷与聚电解质所带电荷电性相反时, 大离子的加入会诱导复合物的解离, 表面活性剂从复合物中释放出来, 甚至导致聚电解质/表面活性剂复合物的完全解离, 从而形成聚电解质/大离子复合物; 大离子所带电荷越多, 诱导作用越明显. 大离子的直径及浓度对其与复合物之间的作用也有很大的影响, 对于所带电荷数相同的大离子而言, 直径越小, 其与复合物的作用越显著, 越容易引导表面活性剂从复合物中解离, 若大离子的表面电荷密度相同, 大离子直径越小, 反而与复合物的作用越弱; 大离子浓度越高, 越易引起复合物的解离, 复合物中聚电解质链上结合的大离子数增多直至饱和, 相应的会出现电荷反转现象.     

抗衡离子对硫酸盐表面活性剂气/液界面性质影响的分子动力学模拟

采用全原子分子动力学方法研究了抗衡离子为第一主族离子(Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Rb⁺和Cs⁺)的十二烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂的气/液界面性质. 通过分析体系中各组分的密度分布曲线, 考察表面活性剂单分子层在界面的聚集形态, 并利用径向分布函数分析了表面活性剂极性头基与抗衡离子间的相互作用. 研究结果表明: 随着抗衡离子半径的增大, 不同体系的界面水层厚度依次增加, 表面活性剂极性头基与抗衡离子形成的Stern和扩散层厚度也相应增加. 但表面活性剂吸附层的抗衡离子缔合度以及体系表面张力却随抗衡离子半径的增大而减小. 研究表明抗衡离子的差异对十二烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂气/液界面性质有很大影响.     

聚合物与表面活性剂相互作用的分子模拟研究进展

聚合物与表面活性剂复配体系已广泛应用于医药、生物、石油石化等领域。从微观上认识其相互作用机理对指导其生产实际有着重要作用,因而此方面的研究倍受关注。随着分子模拟技术的发展,聚合物与表面活性剂在分子水平上的相互作用机理研究已经被广泛开展,并获得了大量有用的信息。本文综述了耗散粒子动力学(DPD)和粗粒度分子动力学(CG-MD)在聚合物与表面活性剂相互作用方面的应用,分别对中性聚合物与离子型表面活性剂,以及带相反电荷的聚电解质和表面活性剂在溶液相和界面相的相互作用进行了阐述,并揭示了聚合物/表面活性剂聚集体结构形态的变化规律。     

驱油体系化学剂间相互作用对界面吸附膜的影响

采用界面张力弛豫技术研究了不对称Gemini表面活性剂C12COONa-p-C9SO3Na、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺Mo-4000、疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺(HMPAM)等驱油体系化学剂在癸烷/水界面上的扩张流变性质,考察了不同离子强度、不同类型电解质对体系界面流变性质的影响,计算得到界面扩张弹性模量和粘性模量的全频率谱,并通过归一化方法(cole-cole图)探讨了界面吸附膜的弛豫过程。研究发现,界面膜内分子重排和界面与体相间分子扩散交换是影响膜性质的主要弛豫过程。表面活性剂体相浓度增大有利于界面分子重排过程,而低频有利于扩散交换过程;不同结构聚合物以及不同离子强度、不同类型电解质对表面活性剂吸附膜有不同的影响。     

甲基丙烯酸3-磺酸丙酯钾盐苯乙烯共聚物负离子与N,N,N-三甲基十六烷基溴化铵相互作用研究

聚电解质与表面活性剂相互作用研究已有很多报道[1～4],由于在很多方面与生物膜中脂质体-蛋白质间相互作用相似,从而近年来备受关注[5～6].作为带电荷的水溶性高分子,聚电解质与带相反电荷的表面活性剂分子可以形成规整性非常好的聚电解质表面活性剂复合物.Ａｎｔｏｎｉｅｔｔｔｉ等报道聚丙烯酸与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(ＣＴＡＢ)形成规整的介规相(Ｍｅｓｏｐｈａｓｅ)聚电解质表面活性剂复合物结构[7],漆宗能等在同一体系既观察到了热致液晶也观察到了溶致液晶[8].在研究甲基丙烯酸3磺酸丙酯钾盐(ＳＰＭＳ)的苯乙烯(Ｓｔ)共聚物(Ｐ(ＳＰＭ…     

电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位测定（英文）

碱性聚合物电解质作为现代碱性氢氧燃料电池的核心组成部分,其单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面的性质与“电极/溶液”界面有所不同。本文使用微电极,运用循环伏安、电化学交流阻抗以及浸入法等方法,测定了电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位。该界面的微分电容曲线呈“U”状,且存在局域极小值,该极小值所对应的电位与浸入法测得的零电荷电位数值一致。单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面在零电荷电位两侧表现出不同的电化学极化行为。     

水溶性聚电解质—表面活性剂复合物的聚集行为

聚电解质在溶液中与相反电荷的表面活性剂通过解电作用与疏水作用可形成聚电解质－表面活性剂复合物，依据反应条件生成的复事物可以是水溶性也可以是非水溶性的。水溶性的聚电解质－表面活性剂复合物由于有许多工业应用，因此近几十上来水溶性聚电解质－表面活性剂复合物的形成和结构已爱到人们的广泛重视。本文对水溶性聚电解质－表面活性剂复合物的聚集过程、聚集结构作了简要概述，此外对荧光光谱在这一领域的应用进行了重点介绍     

乙醇/水混合溶剂中Gemini表面活性剂的表面性质

通过对Gemini表面活性剂12-s-12 (Et)(s=4, 6, 8, 10, 12)体系在乙醇/水混合溶剂中的表面张力曲线的测定, 对该体系的表面性质进行了研究. 发现随乙醇/水比例变化, Gemini各种表面化学性质, 如临界胶束浓度(cmc)、表面张力(γcmc)、饱和吸附量(Γmax)和最小分子占有面积(Amin)等的变化规律. 拓展了Gemini表面活性剂在混合溶剂中表面吸附的研究.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.