热熔胶作光学零件上盘火漆

<正> 近来国外报导了KR-1,KR-2,KR-3等三种光学零件上盘时用的热熔胶。该胶是以乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(简称EVAC)为基体材料的热熔胶。具体成份和配方见表1。乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的性能因醋酸乙烯酯含量而     

PET与SAN/PAN复合膜界面的 FTIR-ATR研究

应用傅里叶衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)技术对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)表面形成不同厚度的超薄苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)的共混物膜及其SAN/PAN共混物膜的厚度、界面层PET亚甲基的构像变化等进行研究,结果表明PET表面共混物膜的厚度随共混物混合液中SAN含量的增加而增加,界面层成膜物质与基材的分子链段间发生了相互渗透和扩散,分子链的极性越相近,越容易成膜.对PET红外光谱吸收峰的A1340/A1410进行定量研究表明,在成膜过程中,PET分子链的亚甲基构像由反式向旁式转变,引起界面层PET的结晶度降低.FTIR-ATR是分析复合膜界面层结构信息的有效方法.     

抗冲共聚聚丙烯中二甲苯可溶物的链结构与性能研究

抗冲共聚聚丙烯(IPC)是聚丙烯与乙烯-α-烯烃共聚产物在反应釜内形成的原位共混物,乙烯-α-烯烃无规共聚物(橡胶相)作为聚丙烯增韧剂,增韧能力受其组成、玻璃化转变温度(T_g)的影响很大。目前工业界主要采用二甲苯可溶物来表征IPC中橡胶相的含量。该研究采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)和热分析(DSC)等方法对两种不同催化剂制备的IPC的二甲苯可溶物,进行了组成、链结构及热性能对比研究,结果显示二甲苯可溶物中除了乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物外,还含有少量的具有可结晶乙烯序列的乙烯-丙烯多嵌段共聚物,且两个样品中的乙烯-丙烯多嵌段共聚物中可结晶乙烯序列长度存在差别;两个样品中乙烯、丙烯单元在分子链上无规分布的程度比较接近;丙烯序列PPP的含量相对低且乙烯共聚单元含量高的样品具有更低的Tg,这将有利于其对聚丙烯抗冲击韧性的提高。     

取代基效应(SCS)与乙烯—α—烯烃共聚物的序列结构——7.氢化丁苯共聚物(HBS)

测定了两个氢化丁苯共聚物样品的~1H、~(13)C NMR谱。通过处理文献中的~(13)C NMR谱数据得到了-C_2H_5和-C_6H_5的SCS参数。利用乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的SCS方法结合DEPTNMR实验技术重新归属了该共聚物的~(13)C NMR谱。明确指出,氢化丁苯共聚物分子链中主链任何一个乙烯单元的两个CH_2在序列分布上分属于二元组和三元组。CH则用三元组来表征。最后,对HBS共聚物的序列分布进行了计算。     

典型高分子材料的固体核磁共振研究

本论文通过固体核磁共振（NMR）谱及动力学参量的测量,并结合X-射线衍射技术和DSC测量等研究了两种典型高分子材料的相结构、链的运动以及相与相之间的关系.  乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物( EVA) 是最主要的乙烯共聚物之一. 研究发现,EVA的相组成非常复杂,共有5个不同的组分. 除了PE中所观察到的常规单斜晶相和刚性的正交晶相外,我们发现还存在第三个晶相分量－运动性较强的晶相（SOCP,可能是转动相）. 它不仅拥有自己的熔点,而且它的化学位移和分子运动性不同于刚性正交晶相（LOCP）. 另一方面,非晶相也由两种不同的分量组成：运动受限的各相异性的非晶界面相和高度可动的橡胶型的非晶相. 我们进一步详细研究了EVA中的晶区链动力学和非晶区的低温冻结行为. 实验发现,在正交晶相中,高分子链以180° flip-flop方式运动,同时伴随沿链方向的平移型跳跃运动,并引起正交晶相和非晶相之间的长程链扩散,通过NOE的测量证实了这种相间链扩散的存在,并进一步通过实验证实这种相间链扩散是一种受限扩散而不是自由扩散. 同时非晶相的两个组分具有不同的低温冻结行为：当温度低于-弛豫转变温度时,橡胶型的非晶相中的长程分子运动被冻结,但仍存在分子的局域运动;而界面非晶在低温时冻结成一种有序取向结构,并用质子自旋扩散实验证实该有序结构与正交晶相相邻近.  少量纳米级片层状粘土分散在聚合物中就可赋予材料许多优异的性能,我们用固体NMR技术对EVA/REC复合材料的结构和其中粘土的分散性质进行研究,发现上述复合材料中所形成的晶体类型不仅依赖于各组分的性质还依赖于所形成的复合材料的类型.  偏氟乙烯/三氟乙烯共聚物（P（VDF-TrFE））是最主要的铁电高聚物之一. 我们利用变温固体¹⁹F MAS NMR 谱及弛豫数据的测量详细研究了电子辐照对P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物的分子结构、构型、运动性以及相变等的影响. 发现,电子辐照不仅改变了分子链段的构型和运动性,同时也改变了局部分子化学结构. 电子辐照促使铁电相向顺电相(或者非晶相)转变,与此同时诱发了富含VDF和含-TrFE链段从全反式的构型到混合的反式-旁式构型的转变. 电子辐照加剧顺电区域中的分子运动而在高温熔融态中(>100 ℃）,分子的运动反而受限.     

拉曼技术应用于雌激素检测的研究

应用RM-200型便携式拉曼光谱仪,对17β-雌二醇(C18 H24 O2)、雌三醇(C18 H24O3)和乙烯雌酚(C18 H20 O2)三种激素类药品进行拉曼光谱检测.并对三种雌激素进行了分析比对和模拟计算,对其中较难检测的乙烯雌酚,应用表面增强拉曼光谱技术获得了其拉曼光谱.结果表明,拉曼技术可以快速准确的定性检测...     

聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯）压电圆管水听器

提出了高灵敏度压电共聚物圆管水听器设计方法,论述了聚(偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)[P (VDF-TrFE)]材料结构与压电特性的关系,利用解析法和有限元法,分析了多振动模式耦合特性对压电共聚物圆管水听器灵敏度响应的影响规律,仿真分析了圆管水听器的耐静水压特性和噪声特性,与相同结构的压电陶瓷和压电均聚物水听器相比,压电共聚物圆管水听器低频段灵敏度分别可提高20 dB和5 dB以上,研制了尺寸为Φ14 mm × 55 mm的压电共聚物圆管水听器样品,经测试,在10 Hz~1 kHz频段内水听器灵敏度响应达到-181.8 dB±1 dB,等效自噪声压低于零级海况海洋环境噪声,与理论模型结果有良好的一致性。结果表明,该设计显著提升了圆管水听器的低频接收灵敏度,并为其耐静水压性能提升提供了思路。      

聚丙烯釜内合金初生态树脂粒子研究

针对Ziegler-Natta/茂金属复合催化剂基于Spheripol工艺制备的聚丙烯釜内合金的初生粒子中存在的两种外观形貌的粒子,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)、热分析(DSC)和力学性能测试等方法对白色和半透明的初生态树脂粒子进行了组成、结构和力学性能的比较研究。FTIR,NMR和SEM结果表明,两者外观形貌的差异主要是二段聚合中乙烯-丙烯共聚物的含量和分布不同。DSC和POM结果表明,乙烯-丙烯共聚物的存在使半透明粒子中聚丙烯的结晶速率高于白色粒子。力学性能测试结果表明,由于乙烯-丙烯共聚物含量少,白色粒子的冲击韧性明显低于半透明粒子,但拉伸强度和弯曲模量明显高于半透明粒子。并基于聚合工艺提出了两种初生粒子形成的可能机理。     

E—DAM共聚物序列结构的^13CNMR研究

本文用COM和APT~(13)C NMR方法研究了三种乙烯(E)和甲基丙烯酸N,N—二甲胺乙酯(DAM)共聚物(E—DAM),找到了一组化学位移屏蔽参数,并用这种参数进一步研究了E—DAM共聚物序列结构.     

氧化铟/聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)复合材料的微结构及其热电性能研究

通过化学氧化合成的方法将纳米In_2O_3复合到聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)中得到In_2O_3/PEDOT复合材料.利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、电子显微镜及正电子湮没等方法对复合材料的微观结构进行了系统研究,同时对材料的热学和电学性能进行了表征.结果表明,当In_2O_3的含量在22 wt%以下时,In_2O_3能很好地分散到PEDOT基体中.热电性能测试则显示In_2O_3/PEDOT复合材料的导电率随In_2O_3含量增加明显增大.纯PEDOT的电导率仅为7.5 S/m,而含12.3 wt%In_2O_3的复合材料的电导率达到25.75 S/m.该复合材料相应的功率因子(68.8×10~(-4)μW/m·K~2)相对于纯的PEDOT(14.5×10~(-4)μW/m·K~2)提高了近4倍.另外,复合材料的热导率相对于纯PEDOT也有所降低.最终复合材料的热电优值由0.015×10~(-4)提高到了0.073×10~(-4).结果表明,In_2O_3/PEDOT复合材料的热电性能相对于纯PEDOT的热电性能得到了比较明显的提高.     

Synthesis, characterization, and corrosion protection properties of poly(N-(methacryloyloxymethyl) benzotriazole-co-methyl methacrylate) on mild steel

The copolymers from different feed ratios of N-(methacryloyloxymethyl) benzotriazole (MMBT) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been synthesised using free radical solution polymerization technique and characterized using FT-IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the polymers was studied using theremogravimetrtic analysis (TGA). The corrosion behaviors of mild steel specimens dip coated with different composition of copolymers have been evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) method. These electrochemical properties were observed in 0.1 M HCl medium. The polarization and impedance measurements showed different corrosion protection efficiency with change in composition of the copolymers. It was found that the corrosion protection properties are owing to the barrier effect of the polymer layer covered on the mild steel surfaces. However, it was observed that the copolymer obtained from 1:1 mole ratio of MMBT and MMA exhibited better protection efficiency than other combinations.     

Application of129Xe NMR to polymer blends

¹²⁹Xe NMR experiments on two different polymer blends are described. The first system, a blend of polypropylene (PP) and the copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene (EP), shows separate domains of polypropylene and of the copolymer. The latter phase forms rubbery domains in the polypropylene matrix. The second system is the compatible blend of polyvinylidenefluoride and polymethylmethacrylate. For the incompatible blend two Xe resonances are found, one for Xe absorbed in the matrix and one for Xe in the rubbery EP phase. The chemical shift of the Xe absorbed in the rubbery phase can be related to the polyethylene content of the copolymer. The line widths and chemical shifts are affected by the polymer motions as a function of the temperature. Although the system has two very different glass transition temperatures, it is striking to see that upon approaching the polypropylene glass transition temperature the Xe resonance of Xe in the rubbery phase is also affected. Due to the dipolar interaction between Xe spins and polymer proton spins, cross-polarization experiments can be performed. This allows the measurement of correlated NMR spectra. The compatible blend shows only one line with a chemical shift proportional to the composition.     

Diffusion-induced growth of compositional heterogeneity in polymer blends containing random copolymers

The compositional relaxation in random copolymer systems on a macroscopic scale is considered in theory. A set of diffusion equations is derived that describes the motion of chains of different composition and then converted into coupled equations for statistical moments of the compositional distribution. Several ways to solve the closure problem for these equations are discussed. The simplest is the situation when the shape of the transient compositional distribution can be predicted a priori, for example, a bimodal distribution is kept during interdiffusion of two copolymers that are not very close in composition. For a general case, it is shown that the cumulant-neglect closure based on the truncation of high-order cumulants is an effective method to get an approximate solution in terms of the time-dependent local mean composition and its dispersion. This method is applied to non-homogeneous compatible polymer systems, such as a random copolymer AB of a composition varying in space, a bilayer of Bernoullian copolymers AB of different composition, and a bilayer of homopolymers A and B, in which an autocatalytic polymer-analogous reaction A → B takes place, with possibility of the neighbor group effect. It is found that the interdiffusion can lead to a substantial broadening of the local compositional distribution, which, in turn, accelerates the system dynamics and promotes chemical reactions.     

Hydrophobic properties of carbon fabric with Teflon AF 2400 fluoropolymer coating deposited from solutions in supercritical carbon dioxide

A method for uniform deposition of a hydrophobizing polymer from a solution in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) onto the surface of carbon fabric used for manufacturing gas diffusion layers of fuel cells is developed. This approach, based on using Teflon AF 2400, a SC-CO₂-soluble copolymer, is compared to the traditional method for hydrophobization of the gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell, based on the use of an aqueous dispersion of Teflon 30N. Hydrophobizing polymers were deposited on the surface of a highly rough carbon fabric (Saati), an electrically conductive gas diffusion layer material with good mechanical and resource characteristics. In one of the versions of the method of deposition from SC-CO₂, the hydrophobic film was subjected to additional annealing at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of Teflon AF 2400 amorphous copolymer. It is shown that this approach makes it possible to form a uniform thin fluoropolymer film on carbon fibers, which imparts the most stable superhydrophobic properties to the surface of the gas diffusion layer at very low amounts of deposited polymer. In this case, the contact angle reaches a value much greater than that previously reported in the literature for similar methods. Prolonged immersion in water (for 1000 h) or wash in the presence of detergent does not impair the superhydrophobicity of the gas diffusion layer. The developed gas-diffusion layer was used to prepare an electrode for phosphoric fuel cell, the current-voltage characteristic of which indicates a satisfactory performance. The results obtained show that adopted approach is promising for developing gas diffusion layers for fuel cell electrodes.     

不同处理工艺钢渣的X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱分析及其活性指数预测模型

以不同处理工艺钢渣,即转炉热泼渣、转炉滚筒渣、铸余渣、铁水脱硫渣、电炉热泼渣和电炉滚筒渣作为研究对象。利用X射线衍射仪和X射线荧光光谱分析仪研究钢渣的化学成分与物相组成。利用BP神经网络模型建立钢渣活性指数预测模型,研究化学成分、物相组成与活性的关系。结果表明： 钢渣的处理工艺不同,其化学成分与物相组成存在明显差异;钢渣活性指数预测模型具有良好的符合性,即相对误差为2.42%和-2.54%,能充分反映输入层与输出层之间的映射关系。     

两亲性类树枝状聚合物的合成与药物控释

结合阴离子开环聚合方法合成了内壳为聚(乙氧基乙基缩水甘油醚),外层为聚环氧乙烷的两亲性类树枝状嵌段共聚物PEEGE-G2-b-PEO(OH)₁₂. 使用核磁共振氢谱以及凝胶渗透色谱等表征了中间产物和目标产物. 选择阿霉素作为实验药物,研究了该聚合物的载药和控释行为. 聚合物的载药率和包覆效率分别为13.07%和45.75%,体外释放试验表现为持续性的释放,并受到释放介质pH影响.     

Effect of Polymer-Substrate Interactions on the Surface Morphology of Polymer Blend Thin Films: Comparison between Simulation and Experiment

Microphase and macrophase separation phenomena can simultaneously appear in ABA/C copolymer blend systems due to the immiscibility among monomers A, B, and C. In this work, the surface morphologies and compositions of ABA/C blend thin films confined between two walls, which were used to mimic SEBS/PMMA films, have been simulated by a lattice Monte Carlo (MC) method. The effect of the polymer-wall interaction on the surface morphologies and compositions of thin films was investigated as a function of blend composition and film thickness. It is shown that the simulated surface morphologies of thin films resulting from the macrophase separation between copolymer ABA and homopolymer C and the microphase separation between block A and block B in ABA copolymer are similar to the experimental surface morphology of SEBS/PMMA polymer blend films observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). The effect of substrate on the surface morphologies by MC simulation is qualitatively consistent with the experimental results. The composition profiles of thin films are given to characterize the micro- and macrophase separation in thin films. It is indicated that the surface energy of the substrate (substrate/air) plays a crucial role on the surface composition. For a fixed surface, the adsorptions of polymer on the substrate and film thickness are also important.     

The dynamics of copolymers in homopolymer matrices

The ability of a polymer chain to relax when it is deformed, and the ease to which this relaxation occurs, dramatically influences the macroscopic properties of the polymeric material. However, the local segmental relaxation processes in multi-component polymer systems are not well understood. The impact of the dynamics of one component on the dynamics of the other is not simply proportional to the relative amounts of each component, as one might expect. This paper discusses recent results using neutron techniques and Monte Carlo simulation that monitor the dynamic properties of a copolymer in a homopolymer matrix. In particular, the results indicate that altering either copolymer sequence distribution or copolymer composition will dramatically impact the dynamics of the copolymer that is surrounded by homopolymers. These results provide important fundamental information on the coupling of the dynamics of two components in a multi-component polymer system. This data also offer insight into the local segmental relaxation processes in multi-component polymer systems, which are not well understood and yet influence the ultimate properties of these mixtures     

New detectors on the basis of copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with ethylene (PTFE-E)

The registration properties of PTFE-E (F-40, Russia; Tefzel, DuPont, USA; Hostaflon ET, Germany) having exceptional chemical and thermal (about 300°C) resistance are considered. The polymer samples were irradiated with ions in a wide region of masses (from O up to Xe) and energies (from 1 to 6 MeV/amu). Alkaline KMnO₄ solutions at 100°C were used for etching. It is shown that the polymer registration properties depend on the hydrogen content in the polymer. For a copolymer with 2–3 wt% of hydrogen the registration threshold is about 8 MeVcm²/mg. The ion tracks were not found after chemical etching for a copolymer with 1 wt% of hydrogen. Track membranes were produced and examined.     

Formation and characterization of conductive thin layers of copper sulfide (CuxS) on the surface of polyethylene and polyamide by the use of higher polythionic acids

Layers of copper sulfide of varying composition and properties are formed on the surface of polyethylene and polyamide by a sorption-diffusion method using solutions of higher polythionic acids, H₂S_nO₆. The concentration of sulfur adsorbed-diffused into PE and PA depends on the degree of the acid sulfurity, n, the temperature of the solution and the period of the polymer treatment. The amount of copper in a sulfide (Cu_xS) layer formed after the sulfured polymer treatment with a solution of Cu(I-II) salt is strongly dependent on the concentration of sulfur in the PE and PA. By the chemical analysis of the obtained sulfide layers was determined that a value of x in the Cu_xS layers varies in the interval 1 < x < 2. The microscopic investigation of transverse sections of PE and PA samples with copper sulfide layers showed that the major part of copper sulfide is in the surface matrix of the polymer. X-ray diffraction studies of the Cu_xS layers obtained seven phases: with x = 2 (chalcocite), 1.9375 (djurleite), 1.8 (digenite), 1.75 (anilite), 1.12 (yarrowite), 1.06 (talnakhite) and 1 (covellite). The measurements of the electrical conductance of Cu_xS layers (0.1-4 S cm⁻²) showed that its value greatly depends on the conditions of PE and PA interaction with H₂S_nO₆ and of further interaction with Cu(I-II) salt solution, on the chemical and phase composition of the layer.