嘧啶并嘧啶类化合物的合成研究进展

综述了近几十年来在医药和农药领域具有广泛用途的嘧啶并嘧啶类化合物的合成研究进展,介绍了三大类嘧啶并嘧啶类化合物的主要结构类型:嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶类化合物、嘧啶并[4,5-d]嘧啶类化合物、嘧啶并[5,4-d]嘧啶类化合物的相关合成方法及新进展.     

噻唑并嘧啶类化合物的合成研究进展

综述了在医药和农药领域具有广泛用途的噻唑并嘧啶类化合物近二十年来合成方法上的研究进展. 结合本研究组在这一领域的工作介绍了噻唑并嘧啶类化合物的三种主要结构类型: 噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶、噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶、噻唑并[5,4-d]嘧啶类化合物的相关合成方法及新进展.     

2-苯甲酰基嘧啶类化合物的合成与生物活性

2-嘧啶氧基-N-芳基苄胺类化合物结构经过两次骨架结构优化后得到2-苯甲酰基嘧啶类化合物二次先导结构.在二次先导结构基础上,共设计并合成了36个化合物,所有化合物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、HRMS确认,并进行了室内杀菌活性筛选,对各部位取代基进行了逐次优化.结果表明2-苯甲酰基嘧啶类化合物中R1取代基以2位卤素或烷基取代的苯环或杂环活性最好;中间苯环6位引入氟原子活性保持;嘧啶环4,6位甲氧基取代活性较好,5位甲基取代活性大大降低;羰基被还原为羟基后活性消失.其中2,3-二氯-N-[2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-甲酰基)苯氧基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(4AHl)、2,5-二氯-N-[2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-甲酰基)苯氧基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(4AHn)及N-[2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-甲酰基)-3-氟苯氧基]-N,2-二甲基苯甲酰胺(4AFd)对黄瓜白粉病的杀菌活性与对照样苯菌酮相当.     

具有农药活性的微生物源核苷类化合物

微生物天然产物在新农药的研究与开发中占据着重要的地位。核苷作为一类重要的生理活性物质, 具有丰富多样的结构及生物活性。本文对微生物来源的具有农药活性的核苷类化合物进行总结,重点综述了具有农药活性的微生物源嘧啶或嘌呤、核苷及其衍生物及核苷酸类似物等三类微生物源核苷类化合物,分别对其来源、结构多样性、农药活性及杀虫、杀菌及抗病毒作用机制进行了概括, 以期对新型农用抗生素的开发及新农药创制提供一些有益的借鉴。     

N-(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)胍衍生物的合成

胍类化合物是一类有机碱,在自然界中广泛分布于各种动、植物体内.大量的研究工作表明][1～3],取代的胍类化合物具有较强的生理功能,如抗病毒、杀菌、退热等[4].嘧啶类化合物也是一类具有较强生物活性的有机物,如我们熟悉的胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶是构成生物遗传物质--核酸的基本结构单元,被广泛应用于医药、农药等领域,如4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基是磺酰脲类和嘧啶水杨酸类除草剂的主要活性单元.     

苯磺酰胺嘧啶类化合物的合成及其除草活性

在吡啶溶剂中,取代嘧啶胺与(取代)苯磺酰氯反应.合成了6个苯磺酰胺嘧啶类化合物(3a～3f),其结构经1H NMR和元素分析表征.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,3a～3f均具有一定的除草活性.     

含1,2,3-苯并三氮唑及嘧啶衍生物醚类化合物的合成及除草活性

嘧啶氧醚类化合物是一类新型除草剂,对其进行结构修饰以寻求具有更高活性的先导化合物是当前乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)类除草剂研究中的一大热点.近年来对嘧啶氧醚类化合物修饰主要集中在苯环部分取代基的变化上,而杂环部分为稠杂环的醚类化合物报道很少[1～3].在对嘧啶醚类除草剂构效关系研究中发现其与ALS相互作用时,杂环部分主要起供电子作用,其供电子能力越强化合物的活性越高[4].另外,许多二芳醚类化合物又是原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂,我们初步研究发现,1,2,3-苯并三氮唑是一类很好的活性单元,若在醚类化合物中引入这种稠杂环有可能找到高活性的先导化合物.     

取代嘧啶化合物的合成和生物活性研究

合成了14个新型取代嘧啶类化合物,结构经质谱、红外光谱、氢核磁共振光谱和元素分析确证.杀虫、杀菌和除草活性测定结果表明,部分化合物具有良好的杀菌活性.在嘧啶环的2-位上导入二甲氨基时表现出杀菌活性,但在嘧啶环的5-位上有甲基取代基时,杀菌活性下降.在嘧啶的4-位导入苯氧基时,显示出良好的杀菌活性,如化合物3b,3c和3e,苯环上的最优取代基是2-硝基-4-三氟甲基.     

新型多取代嘧啶-5-氨基酰胺及芳基(硫)脲衍生物的合成和抗烟草花叶病毒活性

嘧啶类化合物具有广泛的生物活性,嘧啶环易于修饰和衍生的结构特点,使之成为农药创制研究中重要的活性结构。结合前期的研究工作,本文由2-N,N-二乙胺基-4-氯-5-硝基嘧啶 (1) 为起始原料,通过取代、催化还原和酰化等反应,设计合成了13个结构中含有氧醚和烷胺侧链的多取代嘧啶-5-氨基酰胺及芳基（硫）脲衍生物 (4) ,目标化合物的结构均通过1H NMR、MS和元素分析确证. 对目标物的生物活性测试表明,所有化合物均显示出良好的抗烟草花叶病毒活性,其中化合物 4l的活性高于相同浓度下阳性对照药剂病毒唑.     

嘌呤、嘧啶类新手性化合物的合成

把具有生理活性的嘌呤、嘧啶类有机碱基引入不对称合成 ,利用嘌呤、嘧啶类化合物作为Michael加成给体与天然手性助剂 ( - ) 薄荷醇所制得的手性源 5 (R) [( 1R ,2S ,5R) 氧基 ] 2 ( 5H) 呋喃酮 ( 3a)进行不对称Michael加成反应 ,合成了新的光学纯嘌呤、嘧啶类手性化合物 ( 5a～ 5e) .详细地研究了合成方法并测定了它们的[α],IR ,UV ,1HNMR ,13 CNMR ,MS ,元素分析等结构分析数据 .经X 四圆衍射确定了腺嘌呤手性化合物 5a的立体化学结构 .为合成嘌呤、嘧啶类手性化合物提供了有效的途径 ,为深入研究具有生理活性的手性核苷酸类化合物提供了重要的手性源     

含嘧啶氨基的三氨基取代三嗪衍生物的设计、合成及抗苹果树腐烂病菌活性

依据三嗪和嘧啶衍生物的抗菌特性以及生物活性叠加原理, 以三聚氯氰为起始原料, 设计、合成了系列新的含嘧啶氨基的2,4,6-三氨基取代-1,3,5-三嗪化合物. 化合物的结构经1H NMR, ESI-MS和元素分析等表征. 化合物的抗苹果树腐烂病菌活性测试结果表明, 大部分化合物对苹果树腐烂病菌具有显著的抑制作用, 如化合物2aa, 2ba, 2ca, 2da, 3ba和3ea在200 μg/mL浓度下的抑制率分别为96.33%, 98.17%, 97.25%, 97.71%, 98.39%和94.50%, 在100 μg/mL浓度下的抑制率也均在74%以上.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Novel Aryl‐Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Mannich Bases Containing Pyrimidine Rings

A series of novel Mannich base derivatives (E₁–E₁₅) of 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione with substituted pyrimidine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H‐NMR. The antifungal activities of these compounds were also originally studied. The results showed that most of the title compounds exhibited relatively good fungicidal activities. Especially compounds E₈ and E₁₃ showed better antifungal activity than comparison compound hymexazol. The relationship of structure and activity revealed that the presence of the methyl group at four and six positions of pyrimidine ring remarkably enhanced the antifungal activity of title compounds.     

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of New Type β‐Methoxyacrylate‐Based Strobilurin Analogues

Strobilurins have become one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel β‐methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds 1 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. Exhilaratingly, compound 1a (R=methyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.     

Design,Synthesis, and Antifungal Activities of New β‐Methoxyacrylate Analogues

Strobilurins have become one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To search for new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of new β‐methoxyacrylate analogues containing substituted pyrimidine in the side chain with strobilurin pharmacophore were synthesized and their biological activities were tested. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by ¹H‐NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds 1 exhibited potent antifungal activities against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at a concentration of 50 μg mL^?1. Notably, compound 1b (R = 2,5‐dimethylphenyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.     

Design,synthesis and SAR study of novel sulfonylurea derivatives containing arylpyrimidine moieties as potential anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents

Three series of novel sulfonylureas (SUs) 9-11 containing aromatic-substituted pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. The 3D-QASR and molecular docking studies showed that SUs should be considered as potential antiphytopathogenic fungal agents.     

Design,synthesis and SAR study of novel sulfonylurea derivatives containing arylpyrimidine moieties as potential anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents

Acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) was considered as a promising target for antifungal agents.Herein,three series of novel sulfonylureas(SUs) 9-11 containing aromatic-substituted pyrimidines were designed and synthesized according to pharmacophore-combination and bioisosterism strategy.The in vitro fungicidal activities against ten phytopathogenic fungi indicated that most of the title compounds exhibited broad-spectrum and excellent fungicidal activities.Based on the preliminary fungicidal activities,a CoMFA model was constructed and the 3 D-QSAR analysis indicated that either a bulky group around the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring or electropositive group around the 2-position of the benzene ring would be favour to fungicidal activities.In order to study interaction mechanism,10 k was automatically docked into yeast AHAS and it further indicated that bearing bulky groups-aryl at the pyrimidine ring was critical to enhance antifungal activities.It revealed that the antifungal activity of derivatives 9-11 probably results from the inhibition of fungal AHAS.Thus,the present results strongly showed that SUs should be considered as lead compounds or model molecules to develop novel antiphyt o pathogenic fungal agents.     

新型含二甲氧基甲基嘧啶基磺酰脲衍生物的合成及生物活性

将二甲氧基甲基引入到嘧啶环的4位, 设计并合成了15个结构新颖的磺酰脲类衍生物. 初步生物活性测试结果表明, 目标化合物具有较好的除草活性. 在75 g/ha的剂量下, 化合物6a和6g对油菜的芽前除草活性为100%, 与对照药单嘧磺隆和氯磺隆相当; 在50 mg/L的浓度下, 化合物6i和6o对3种病菌的离体抑制率都超过80%, 与对照药百菌清和多菌灵接近.     

Synthesis of Some New Biologically Active Sulfur Compounds Containing Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Moiety

A novel series of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines having biologically active sulfur moieties 3-20 were prepared via reaction of 4-mercapto-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 3 with different reagents. Identification of the new compounds was established by elemental analyses, IR, 1 H-NMR, and mass spectral data. Some of the obtained compounds showed the interesting antimicrobial activity comparable to antibiotic chloramphenicol as standard antibacterial agent and Terbinafin as a standard antifungal agent.     

An efficient synthesis of designed 4-thiazolidinone fused pyrimidine derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents

A novel series of hybrid 2-substituted ((pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazinyl)thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized by means of aromatic nucleophilic displacement of chlorine atoms of 2,4,6-trichloro pyrimidine. Synthesis of some novel 2-(2-(6-morpholino-4-substituted(phenyl amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one derivatives have been carried out by the displacement of chlorine atoms on the basis of functionality concept on varying conditions. The synthesized hydrazinyl thiazolidin-4-one pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated for their expected antimicrobialactivity; where, the majority of these compounds showed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested strains of bacteria and fungi. Afforded title analogs were subsequently characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, Mass spectroscopy. SAR and HOMO-LUMO studies were also carried out for confirming the structure biological activity. Thus, these studies suggested that hydrazinyl pyrimidine derivatives bearing thiazolidinone moiety are interesting scaffolds for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.