火焰原子吸收光谱法测定鱼脑和鱼肉中铜、锌的含量

本文研究了用ＨＮＯ３＋ＨＣｌＯ４（３＋１）混酸消化鱼脑和鱼肉,在３２４．８ｎｍ波长处测定铜。在２１３．９ｎｍ波长处测定锌。多种离子均无干扰,ＲＳＤ为０．５８％￣２．９０％,加标回收率为９７％￣１０９％,结果令人满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定麦芽粉中的锗和硒

本文叙述了平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定麦芽粉中的锗和硒，采用Ｐｄ＋Ｎｉ和Ｐｄ基体改进剂，使锗和硒的灰化温度分别提高到１４００和１２００℃，有效地消除了基体干扰。方法特征量为３１ｐｇ（Ｇｅ）和２３ｐｇ（Ｓｅ），检出限为２８ｐｇＧｅ和６２ｐｇＳｅ（３σ）。对含２２￣１１０μｇ／ｇＧｅ和１８￣３５μｇ／ｇＳｅ的样品测定，相对标准偏差为Ｇｅ３．７￣５．６％（ｎ＝９），Ｓｅ４．３￣６．５％（ｎ＝９），回收率在９     

火焰原子吸收法测定海水中的铜和钴

本文用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中的铜,钴,方法简单,快捷,具有良好的精密度和准确性。本法的相对标准偏差为Ｃｕ３．９％－５．０％,Ｃｏ１．６％－３．１％,回收率为Ｃｕ９３％￣１０３．５％,Ｃｏ９４．４％￣１０５％。     

多波长线性回归分光光度法同时测定油中的铁、钴、镍

本文提出一种同时测定铁,钴,镍的新方法,即多波长线性回归分光光度法,利用铁与５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ形成的络合物在７５０ｎｍ处吸收峰不受钴,镍干扰的特点,在７５０ｎｍ处于工作曲线法测定铁的含量,对于钴,镍在５５０－６００ｎｍ内采用多波长线性回归法测定。应用于合成样及油样中铁,钴,镍含量的测定,结果令人满意,回收率为９５．７％￣１０４．３％,相对标准偏差为１．４％￣３．８％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中的锌、镉

利用空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中的锌，镉的含量。试样直接取自海水养殖厂，具有较强针对性，该方法简单，快速，准确，分析结果满意。回收率为９０％￣１０１％，相对标准偏差为０．１６％￣９．７３％。     

悬浮进样探针原子化石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中铍的研究

本应用探针恒温原子化技术，系统研究了铍的分析性能，比较了不同类型石墨管和探针材料的测定效果。应用固体悬浮进样，直接测定了地质样品中的痕量铍，方法的ＲＳＤ为３．３￣５．２％，检测限为５．１×１０＾－１２ｇ铍。     

激光蒸发进样ICP－AES测定地质祥品中的钡和锶

本文讨论了用连续ＣＯ＿２激光器蒸发地质粉末样品，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定Ｂａ和Ｓｒ。在样品中加入适量的粘合剂和石墨粉混匀压饼，用激光全部蒸发。在蒸发室出口处加入了一只多层多孔过滤器，一定程度上改善了系统长时间工作的稳定性。对影响激光采样和ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析性能的参数进行了研究。实验结果表明，连续激光蒸发地质粉末样品、ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定Ｂａ、Ｓｒ，大部分分析结果满意。在选择的系统条件下，Ｂａ、Ｓｒ的检出限分别为２．６μｇ·ｇ￣－１和３．０μｇ·ｇ￣－１；精密度ＲＳＤ分别为６．３％（４７０μｇ·ｇ￣－１）和５．６％（５２μｇ·ｇ￣－１）     

堆泵浦^3He—Ar—Xe激光实验的放大管研制

介绍了堆泵浦￣３Ｈｅ－Ａｒ－ｘｅ激光实验中放大管的设计及混合气的组成。经聚乙烯慢化体慢化后的ＣＦＥＲ－Ｈ脉冲堆的热中子注量率为６×１０～（１４）ｎ／ｃｍ￣２·ｓ，根据慢化体结构设计了内充气体组份为￣３Ｈｅ：Ａｒ：Ｘｅ＝３４．７：３４．７：０．２６７，６ｏｏｍｍ×Φ３４ｍｍ的放大管，在约１．４×１０￣（１６）裂变每脉冲下进行￣３Ｈｅ－Ａｒ－Ｘｅ（λ＝１．７３μｍ）激光激射实验，获得毫瓦级功率输出。     

火焰原子吸收法测定茜素中的K、Na、Ca

本文对茜素中微量元素钾、钠、钙的火焰原子吸收法的测定进行了研究，结果表明：方法简单，具有很好的精密度和准确度。钾、钠、钙的相对标准偏差分别为：４．４％、２．５％和３．７％。回收率分别为９７．５％，９８．３％和９８．１％。     

端视ICP-AES法测定水中的有机碳

本文建立了利用端视ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术测定水中有机碳的方法。本法检出限为０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ,灵敏度比国外同类方法提高了大约八倍,方法精密度好,其相对标准偏差０．４％￣３．２％（ｎ＝６）,回收率在８３．６％￣１０９．０％之间,本法前处理简单,测定速度快,灵敏度高,适合天然水中有机碳的测定。     

稚鸡蛋中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cr和Pb含量的测定

采用原子吸收光谱法,测定了稚鸡蛋中的钙、铜、铁、锌、锰、硒、铬和铅的含量,并对其结果进行了分析。各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,回收率在97.9%—102.2%之间。稚鸡蛋中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se含量分别为973.2、5.86、419.40、99.78、7.66、1.25μg·g~(-1),显著高于罗曼鸡蛋。测定结果显示稚鸡蛋中含有丰富的矿物元素,具有较高的营养和保健价值。     

ICP-AES法测定金属硅中的Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cr、Cu、 Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Sr、Ti、V和Zn杂质元素

本文提供了一种测定金属硅中Ｂ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ,Ｃａ,Ｍｎ等１４个杂质元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ方法,在样品处理过程中,加入适量体积的甘露醇能够抑制Ｂ的挥发。用本方法测定了一个国家地球化学标准样（ＧＳＲ－４）,结果令人满意。     

Measurement of X-ray production cross-sections of Ti,V, Cr,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni and Cu molecules

K shell X-ray production cross-sections in the Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in the molecules were studied at 59.5 keV excitation energy by using a Si(Li) detector ( FWHM = 155 eV at 5.96 keV). The present results are compared with other theoretical values.     

Solution absorption and luminescence studies of tetraphenylboron, -carbon, -silicon, -germanium, -tin, -lead, -phosphorus, -arsenic,and -antimony

The lowest absorption band of the tetraphenyl compounds resembles that of the lowest absorption band of benzene with the following difference. In benzene the electronic origin is strictly forbidden, and all intensity is associated with a symmetric progression built on one mode of asymmetric vibration. In the tetraphenyl compounds the intensity associated with the asymmetric vibration is relatively unaffected; however, there is increasing intensity associated with the electronic origin and a symmetric progression built on it along the series

$\text{φ}{}_4\text{Pb}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{Sn}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{Ge}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{Si}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{C}\text{? φ}{}_4\text{B}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{Sb}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{As}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{< φ}{}_4\text{P}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$

. For the cations it is the electronic origin and the progression built on it that are the primary source of intensity. This effect is attributed to an inductive perturbation. A similar effect is observed in the fluorescence spectrum. In phosphorescence, the relative enhancement of the electronic origin and the progression built on it is far less marked. The phosphorescence emission of φ₄Pb and φ₄Sb⁺ are red shifted from the others by ～0.5 eV, an effect attributed to formation of a triplet excimer. Increasing spin-orbit coupling in the triplet due to a heavy atom effect can be seen in the decreasing phosphorescence lifetime (range 4 sec to 4 msec) and decreasing ratio of $\text{φ}{}_{\mathrm{f}}\text{φ}{}_{\mathrm{p}}$ (fluorescence to phosphorescence quantum yields) in the order

$\text{φ}{}_4\text{C}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{B}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{Si}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{P}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{Ge}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{As}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{> φ}{}_4\text{Sn}$

In all cases nonexponential decay of phosphorescence is observed.     

纯硒中杂质元素的ICP-AES测定

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱同时测定纯硒中的碲、铅、铋、锑、铜、铁、镍、铝、锡、砷和硼12种元素的含量,优化出各元素的分析波长和分析条件;用基体匹配补偿基体效应,方法简单,快速可靠,样品回收率为94%-107%.     

ICP-AES法直接测定锡锭中的As、Al、Bi、Cd、Cu、Fe、Pb、Se、Sb、Zn

以电荷耦合器件为检测器的全谱直读等离子体光谱仪直接测定锡锭中As、Al、Bi、Cd、Cu、Fe、Pb、Se、Sb、Zn十种杂质元素的含量.该方法简便、快速且具有比化学法更低的检出限,加标回收试验结果表明,回收率为92%-105%,RSD均小于1.5%.     

Surface energies of the solid solutions between Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W

The surface energy for different surface orientations of the solid solutions as a function of concentration formed by Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is computed and analyzed using the BFS method for alloys. Similarities and differences among the different binary alloys are examined in terms of strain and chemical effects.     

ICP-AES测定铝合金中Mg、Be、Mn、Mo、Fe、Ti、Si和Zn

采用ICP-AES同时测定铝合金中合金元素和杂质元素,优化ICP光谱仪的工作条件,测定回收率96%—106%,RSD0.28%—6.26%,结果令人满意。     

Density-functional calculations of alpha, beta, gamma, delta, delta', and epsilon plutonium

Total energies for the six known polymorphs of plutonium metal have been calculated within spin and orbital polarized density-functional theory as a function of lattice constant. Theoretical equilibrium volumes and bulk moduli correspond well with experimental data and the calculated total energies are consistent with the known phase diagram of Pu. It is shown that a preference for the formation of magnetic moments, increasing through the alpha-->beta-->gamma phases, explains their position in the ambient pressure phase diagram and their anomalous variation of atomic density. A simple model is presented that establishes a relationship between atomic density, crystal symmetry, and magnetic moments which is universally valid for all Pu phases.     

Equations of state for copper,silver, gold,aluminum, nickel,and lead

Semiempirical equations of state are obtained for copper, silver, gold, lead, nickel, and aluminum, which permit a study of the mechanical properties of the crystalline lattices of these metals when subjected to a complex system of stresses over the entire elastic deformation region, and lead to an evaluation of the mechanical destruction parameters of these lattices. As an example, the case of omnidirectional tension is examined.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 66–70, January, 1973.