A STUDY OF DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT IN RADIOLESION AND CELL DEATH OF EUKARYOTES AFTER EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION——THE VISUALIZATION OF THE DYNAMIC REACTION BY MEANS OF CYTOCHEMICAL METHOD WITH LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) AS NUCLEAR MARKER AND THE RADIAT

The present work deals with the radiation effect on adult rats suffering from acute, whole-body irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays of dosages 100R and 300R respectively. The morphological alteration of the lymphocytic nucleus and exhibition of eytochemical reaction of LDH in intra- or extra-nuclear region has been observed at the end of predetermined time intervals after irradiation. A close relationship between the percentage of damage of the lymphocytic nucleus and that of positivity of LDH reaction is seen from their variations with time parallel.From technical color microphotographs which exhibit cytochemical reactions, the existence of enzyme LDH in the nucleus so far obscure has been visually recognized. The events happening in enzymic reaction and the leakage of enzyme across the nuclear envelope reflect the dynamic nature. The ultrastructural alteration of nuclear anomalization confirms the dynamic development of inducing radiolesion. The experimental facts inspire us to attempt an explanatio     

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF BIMETALLIC TERNARY COMPLEX OF LANTHANUM——COPPER WITH ALIZARIN FLUORINE BLUE

The bimetallic ternary complex formation in the aqueous solution of La and Cu with alizarin fluorine blue (AFB) was studied by spectrophotometry.The ternary complex LaCu3(AFB)3 has maximum light absorption at 550nm.The colour reaction selectivity is fairly good and the method can be applied to the direct photometric determination of copper in lanthanum or some pure metals.A new mathematical approach to the treatment of spectrophotometric data for differentiation between mononuclear and polynuclear in solution is presented.The improvable fixed logarithm method is for complexes of the type MmBn(m=n) or MmBn(m=n).We report that La(Ⅲ) combines with AFB at pH 4.5 to form a single complex,withm=n=2,La2(AFB)2.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY（3,4-AZOPYRIDYLENE） AND OXYGEN-BINDING AFFINITY OF ITS COMPLEX WITH COBALTPORPHYRIN

Synthesis and characteristics of poly(3,4-azopyridylene) (PAP), conductivity and oxygen-binding affinity of its complex with meso-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinatocobalt(Ⅱ) (CoP) were studied. PAP was prepared by oxidative polymerization of 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) in DMF solution using CuCl/pyridine as the catalyst. IR and NMR results showed that the peak of amido group in DAP was converted to the azo group in PAP and a π conjugated polymer was synthesized. The average molecular weight of PAP was determined to be 5.0 × 103. The PAP-CoP complex was prepared by complexing the pyridyl group of PAP with the fifth coordination site of CoP in DMF solution. In comparison with the CoP complex with a non-π conjugated polymer, the PAP-CoP complex shows good electroconductivity of 5.8 × 10-6 Scm-1. The PAP-CoP complex displays a reversible change in the UV-Visible absorption spectrum from the deoxy form to the oxy or oxygen-binding one with an isosbestic point, in response to the partial oxygen pressure of the atmosphere. The oxygen-response behavior was monitored at the absorbance ascribed to the oxy form at 548 nm to give the oxygen-binding affinity.The oxygen-binding equilibrium curves of PAP-CoP complex obey a Langmuir isotherm. DMF has great effects on the oxygen-binding properties of the PAP-CoP complex. The oxygen-binding affinity of PAP-CoP complex in the solid state is higher than that in DMF solution. With decreasing temperature, the oxygen-binding affinity of the PAP-CoP complex increases.     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON CELL REFORMATION OF CHIROCEPHALUS YOLK GRANULES CULTURED IN VITRO

The reformation of nuclei and cells on the basis of yolk granules in vitro has been examined under electron microscope by using the mature ooeytes of the middle female intersex of Chirocephalus nankinensis. And it has been shown that the forms of reformed nuclear and cellular structures vary, which may be related to the developmental stages of the middle female intersex, types of reforming process, culturing times as well as internal and external conditions of yolk granules. We have also studied the structural changes of yolk granules and some transition forms during the reformation of nuclei and cells. The results are fairly in agreement with those of our previous reports, i. e. the time-lapse microcinematographic and phase contrast studies on the cell reformation of yollk granules in vitro and the electron microscopic investigations on the cell reformation of yolk granules of mature oocytes in situ.     

SYNTHESIS OF MESO-TETRA (4-METHOXYPHENYL-3-SULFONATE) PORPHINE AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF COLOUR REACTION WITH COPPER

In this paper meso-tetra (4-methoxyphenyl-3-sulpho) Porphine (TMPPS_4) was synthesized and its colour reaction with copper was studied. It was found to be a highly sensitive and highly selective reagent for the direct spectrophotometric determination of ultramicro amount of copper. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 3.72×10~5L/mol·cm. Beer's law is obeyed for Cu(Ⅱ)of 0～1.4μg/10ml. The interference of 21 different ions and 6 kinds of salts were examined and found to be minimal. The complex formation of Cu(Ⅱ) with TMPPS_4 is generally slow at room temperature<<25℃>, but the reaction can be accelerated in the presence of NH_2OH·>HCl and completed within 5min. At PH 5.2 the Soret band of TMPPS_4 overlaps almost completetely with that of the complex. Therefore, the complex formation is taken to completion at this PH. Then the Soret band of TMPPS_4 shifted away from that of the complex by acidification.This simple and rapid method has been successfully applied to the direct determination of Cu in Al-alloys, industrial water, foods and human hair.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DNA MOLECULES FROM BLASTODERM NUCLEI AND YOLK GRANULES BENEATH BLASTODERM OF FERTILIZED AND UNINCUBATED CHICKEN EGGS

The DNA molecules isolated from the blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules beneath the blastoderm of fertilized and unincubated chicken eggs were observed under electron microscope, using the DNA sample of calf thymus as control. The results showed that both nuclear and yolk DNAs are linear, and their molecules are very similar to those of thymus DNA in shape. Since ehromatin was first prepared from blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules respectively and then DNA was isolated from both of chromatin samples, it could be concluded that yolk granules possess both DNA and chromatin as nuclei do.     

IMMOBILIZATION OF GLUCOSE OXIDASE AND CELLULASE BY CHITOSAN— POLYACRYLIC ACID COMPLEX

This study is concerned with chitosan-polyacrylic acid complex as a carrier to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD)and cellulase. The optimum emperature of the immobilized GOD (IG) was determined to be 60℃which is higher than that of the native GOD about 40℃. The optimum temperature of the immobilized cellulase (IC) was determined to be about 30℃higher than that of native cellulase. Both of the optimum pH of IG and IC shifted one pH unit to acid. Immobilized enzyme may be used in more wide pH range. Their storage life are much longer compared with their native states. Both of them can be reused at least 12 times.     

稀土元素及其显色效应的研究 VI:镧-偶氮氯膦III——-钇混合多核配合物的生成

The interference of lanthanum in the spectrophotometric determination of yttrium in the form of β-type complex with chlorophosphonazo III (CPA III) is proved to be a cocoloration effect. It is due to the formation of a mixed polynuclear complex between CPA III and lanthahum-yttrium with a cyclic structure. The composition of the complex has been established to be La:CPA III:Y = 1:2:1 by the method of molar ratio. The optimal conditions for the formation of polynuclear complex and influence factors have also been studied. A "replacement type" reaction is proposed to account for the cocoloration effect.     

TIME-LAPSE MICROCINEMATOGRAPHIC AND PHASE CONTRAST STUDIES ON THE CELL REFORMATION OF CHIROCEPHALUS YOLK GRANULES IN VITRO

In this article we report on a time-lapse microcinematographic and phase contrast study of the cell reformation of yolk granules which were isolated from mature oocytes in the genital sac of the middle female intersex of Chirocephalus nankinensis. The observations on yolk granules were made in fixed positions and the morphological changes of cell reformation were continuously recorded in vitro.The transformation of yolk granules into cellular structures may be tentatively described as follows: At the early stages in culture, it can be seen that the granular or bubbly structures gradually appear within the hyaloid and homogeneous yolk granules; the appearance of yolk granules gradually changes from elliptical into round shape. With further transformation, their appearances in general take the shape of oblate spheroids, their size is smaller than before and inside the yolk granules their granular and bubbly structures become more and more obvious. Finally, the nuclear and cellular structures can be seen i     

THE PROTEIN SUBUNITS OF THE DOUBLESTRANDED RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE AND METHYLTRANSFERASE OF THE CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori

The particles of CPV of silkworm contain double-stranded RNA polymerase and methyltransferase. It was reported in a previous paper that the genome-enzyme complex could be isolated. The genome-enzyme complex shows high enzyme activity of RNA polymerase and methyltransferase in spite of the fact that it consists of only 5 percent of the protein. In order to clarify the protein subunits of the RNA polymerase and methyltransferase, two methods were adopted. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram showed that the ~(125)I-labeled genome-enzyme complex of CPV contained three protein components in molccular weight of 33 K, 67 K and 142 K daltons respectively and each protein component of them consisted of more than two protein subunits with different isoelectric points in 2-dimensional electrophoretogram. The antibody to the five protein components (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) was prepared and used to inhibit the enzyme activities of RNA polymerase and mthyltransferase. It showed that the RNA polymerase was inhib     

A Novel Cobalt（Ⅲ） Complex with Macrocyclic Triamine Ligand for High Capacity Hydrogen Adsorption

The coordination complex of Co(Ⅲ) based on a macrocyclic triamine ligand 1,4-diacetate-1,4,7-triazacyclodecane (L) has been synthesized and characterized. The metal cation is bonded with three nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms of L and one chloride ion to form a distorted octahedral geometry. This complex coordinated with macrocyclic ligand possesses large pore volume that will be contributed to observe high H2 adsorption. With respect to the first-principles electronic structure calculations, the feasibility to store hydrogen in the complex is explored. Indeed, the complex has shown a very high total H2 adsorption of 7.2 wt% (wt% = (weight of adsorbed H2)/(weight of host material)), with a binding energy of 0.03 eV/H2.     

KINETICS OF POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE INITIATED BY VANADIUM(V)-THIOUREA REDOX SYSTEM

The kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by quinquevalent vanadium (V~(5+))-thiourea (TU) redox system has been investigated in aqueous nitric acid in the temperature range from 30 to 50℃. The polymerization rate (R_p) can be expressed as follows: In the copolymerization of acryionitrile with methyl acrylate (MA), the reactivity ratios were found to be 1.0 and 1.1, respectively. The experimental observations suggest that the initiating species is probably a complex consisting of a central ion of Lewis acid-VO_2~+ and the ligands of Lewis bases-acrylonitrile, thiourea, and nitrate anions, while the initiating system in lower concentration, the polymerization of acrylonitrile does not occur if the thiourea is acidified prior to its reaction with quinquevalent vanadium. This indicates that the primary radicals (or the monomeric radicals in the present article) are produced by associated thiourea rather than isothlourea.     

ORIGIN OF MONOAMINERGIC INNERVATION OF THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS——A COMBINED MONOAMINE HISTOCHEMISTRY AND FLUORESCENT RETROGRADE TRACING STUDY IN THE RAT

By the use of the fluorescent retrograde tracer, Fast Blue (FB), in combination with monoamine fluorescence histochemistry, the origin of monoaminergic input to the region of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) was investigated in the rat. After mieroinjection of FB into the NRM, a great number of FB-laboled NA-containing cells were found in the region of the nucleus reticularis lateralis (corresponding to A1 NA areas), the reticular formation just dorsolateral to the nucleus olivaris inferior (corresponding to the A3 NA area), the ventral part of the locus coeruleus (A6 NA area), and the lateral parts of the nucleus raphe dorsalis (B7 area). In the other NA cell groups of the brain stem, FB-labeled cells could not be observed. Serotoninergic input originating from nucleus raphe obscurus (B2), nucleus raphe pallidus (B1) and nucleus raphe pontis (BS-B6) to the NRM was also observed. A large number of cells containing serotonin (5-HT) in the B2 and B6 areas were labeled by FB, while only a few FB-labeled 5-HT     

THE STUDY OF PHYCOBILIPROTEINS IN Porphyra yezoensis——ASSOCIATION AND DISSOCIATION OF R-PHYCOERYTHRIN

In fresh Porphyra yezoensis, R-phycoerythrin exists mainly as octamer (αβ)_8 with only a small percentage of dimer (αβ)_2.The octamer could be dissociated into dimer in the presence of oxygen and visible light.The dimer was ultracentrifuged in a sucrose linear gradient to obtain the monomer,The monomer could be associated again into dimer.This reversible change between the monomer and dimer of R-phycoerythrin may be attributed to the shift of hydrogen bonds between forms of phycoerythrin molecules.     

WAVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL TECTONICS IN CONTINENTAL MARGINS

Continental margins are the transitional zone between continents and oceans. The tectonic deformation of crust in continental margins is very complex. This paper deals with the complex crust tectonics of continental margins in terms of the basic principle that elastic waves travel through semi-infinlte medium and the wave theory of crust. The continental margin off the North American coasts of the Atlantic used to be the active Pacifictype margin. At present, the crust movement in this margin tends to be stable; therefore it becomes the Atlantic type.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR Lys FRAGMENT-BOVINE TRYPSIN COMPLEX——MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT,ELECTRON DENSITY MAP AT 3.0 ■ RESOLUTION

The orientation and position of the trypsin molecule in the complex crystal cell mung bean trypsin inhibitor Lys fragment (MBILF)-bovine trypsin (BTRY) have been successfully determined by molecular replacement method with the model of the refined bovine trypsin molecule.Starting from the BTRY coordinates which were oriented and located in the correct azimuth and position in the complex cell according to the result from rotation function and translation function, sim-weighted Fourier map with coefficients 2|F_o|-|F_c| at 3.0 resolution was calculated.Besides the electron density which is obviously attributed to itself, in the vicinity of the active site of BTRY the dense contour levels corresponding to the MBILF and its boundary could be clearly seen in this map. The size of MBILF was approximately estimated at 15×15×25.     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE HATSCHEK''''S PIT EPITHELIAL CELLS OF AMPHIOXUS

The authors have observed, using an electron microscope, that the number of thesecretory granules and the development of various organelles in the apical epithelial cellof the Hatschek's pit showed a positive correlation with the gonadal development andmaturity. At the same time, only the epithelial cells respond to GnRH-A(gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue). Both cytological and endocrinological experiments demon-strate that the cell may be the primitive gonadotropic cell of amphioxus.     

Chromatin and Nucleosome Organizations and DNA Replication of Nucleus Reassembled in vitro Using Purified Exogenous DNA and Xenopus Egg Extracts

It has been demonstrated in the last ten years that the nuclear reassembly may occur in the cell-free systems from frog egg extracts added with exogenous naked DNA. However, there remains an open question : is the cell-free reassembled nucleus structurally similar to the nucleus in the intact cell ? That is, does the cell-free reassembled nucleus contain nucleosomes and chromatin? For this issue, we have designed experiments for identifying the internal structures of the cell-free reassembled nucleus. These experiments show that the nucleus reassembled in vitro also contains chromatin which is composed of typical 10 nm nucleosome fibers of "beads-on-a-string", 30 nm filaments and the next higher-order structures. The digestion experiment with the enzyme micrococcal nuclease has demonstrated that the DNA in the nucleosome of the reconstituted chromatin is about 200 base pairs (bp) in length, of which 165 bp may be in the nucleosome particle, and 35 bp may be in the linker between two particles. Prolongin     

TEMPERATURE AND pH RESPONSE, AND SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF POROUS ACRYLONITRILE-ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER HYDROGELS

Macroporous acrylonitrile-acrylic acid （AN-AA） copolymer hydrogels were synthesized by flee-radical solution polymerizations, using ammonium persulfate （APS）/N,N,N＇,N＇-tetramethylethylenediamine （TEMED） redox initiator system and alcohols porogens. The morphology, temperature and pH sensitive swelling behavior, and swelling kinetics of the resulting hydrogels were investigated. It was found that alcohol type and concentration had great influences on the pore structure and porosity of hydrogels. The pore size of hydrogel increases with the moderate increase of the length of alcohol alkyl chain. However, a further increase of alkyl length would result in the formation of cauliflower-like structure and the decrease of pore size. The porosity of hydrogels increases with the increase of porogen concentration in the polymerization medium. The hydrogels with macroporous structure swell or shrink much faster in response to the change of pH in comparison with the conventional hydrogel without macroporous structure. Furthermore, the response rate is closely related to the porosity of the hydrogels, which could be easily controlled by modulating the concentration of the porogen in the medium. The circular swelling behavior of hydrogels indicated the formation of a relaxing three-dimensional network.     

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF α''''-ACE-TYL-α-THIENYL PHENYLACETYLENEDI-COBALT HEXACARBONYL AND α''''-ACE-TYL-α-THIENYL P-ACETYLPHENYLACE-TYLENEDICOBALT HEXACARBONYL

Friedel-Crafts acylation of α-thienyl phenylacetylenedicobalt hexacarbonyl with acetyl chlo-ride has been investigated. The results showed thiophene nucleus to be somewhat more reactivein the electrophilic acylation than benzene nucleus and benzene nucleus in turn to be morereactive than acylated thiophene nucleus. Through the acylation two new cobalt- carbon clustercomplexes, i. e. α'-acetyl-α -thienyl phenylacetylenedicobalt hexacarbonyl Ⅰ and α'- acetyl-α-thienyl P- acetylphenylacetylenedicobalt hexacarbonyl Ⅱ, were synthesized. The single crystalstructure of Ⅱ was determined as well as the structures of Ⅰ and Ⅱ were elucidated in termsof combustion analysis, IR and ~1HNMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of Ⅱ belongsto the monoclinic system, space group Pz_1/n; cell parameters a = 8 .037(2), b = 16 .347(3),c = 17.823(2)A, β= 102.68(2)°, D_c = 1.61g·cm~(-3), Z = 4, and the final factor R = 0.040.