提取多维催化发光信号鉴别有害气体的传感器

基于2种催化敏感材料, 设计了通过提取多维发光信号鉴别有害气体的催化发光(CTL)传感器. 在最佳检测条件下, 18种有害气体依次经过纳米Al₂O₃(或MgO)表面进行CTL反应, 产生的CTL 响应信号组成其特征图谱. 通过主成分分析法(PCA)鉴别了各种气体. 采用线性判别分析(LDA)对浓度分别为100, 300及500 mL/m³的18种气体的识别正确率均为100%. 该传感器可以同时测量气体的浓度, 检出限均低于我国工作场所有害因素职业接触限值(GBZ2.1-2007), 空气中几种常见的污染物共存不影响这些有害气体的检测. 该传感器具有传感元件少、 稳定性好、 操作方便、 信息丰富和识别能力强等优点, 可用于发展微型实用的传感器.     

CO2重整CH4纳米ZrO2负载Ni催化剂的研究(Ⅰ)——与常规载体上Ni催化剂的比较

在Ni负载量相近(约5%)时,比较了由超临界干燥得到的纳米ZrO₂-AS为载体制备的Ni/ZrO₂-AS与几种常规载体(γ-Al₂O₃,TiO₂,SiO₂和ZrO₂-CP)负载的Ni催化剂对CO₂重整CH₄制合成气反应的催化性能.研究结果表明,γ-Al₂O₃,TiO₂,SiO₂和ZrO₂-CP负载Ni催化剂表现出明显的失活过程,而Ni/ZrO₂-AS催化剂在反应200h后活性未下降.“纯ZrO₂-AS”载体本身不仅能催化生成合成气的反应,而且活性稳定.TPO测定结果表明,负载在这种活性ZrO₂-AS载体上的Ni催化剂具有良好的抗积炭能力.     

CO2重整CH4纳米ZrO2负载Ni催化剂的研究(Ⅱ)──催化剂组成与反应条件对催化剂性能的影响

研究了粒径为15～18nm的纳米ZrO₂-AS负载Ni催化剂对CO₂重整CH₄制合成气的催化性能,结果表明,Ni/ZrO₂-AS催化剂对重整反应的超常稳定催化作用不受Ni含量的影响,但当Ni质量分数低于10%时,催化剂活性随Ni含量增加而显著上升,此后,CH₄和CO₂的转化逐渐接近其热力学平衡值.高空速虽然降低了反应物的转化率,但可得到更高的时空产率.各种表征数据揭示,Ni/ZrO₂在结构上有别于传统的负载型催化剂,可看成是由尺寸相当(10～20nm)的纳米金属Ni和纳米ZrO₂形成的纳米复合物催化剂.     

载体效应对Ru基催化剂费托合成制烯烃的性能影响（英文）

本研究考察了不同载体(CeO₂、ZrO₂、MnO₂、SiO₂和活性炭)对负载型Ru基费托合成制烯烃(FTO)催化剂结构和催化性能的影响。结果表明,载体的本征属性和金属-载体相互作用(MSI)对催化性能有很大影响。在同一反应条件下的催化活性关系为：Ru/SiO₂> Ru/ZrO₂> Ru/MnO₂> Ru/AC> Ru/CeO₂。对于烯烃选择性,Ru/SiO₂和Ru/MnO₂得到的总烯烃选择性最高,超过70%,而Ru/ZrO₂催化剂的烯烃选择性低至29.9%。由于金属Ru与SiO₂的金属载体相互作用较弱,反应后的Ru/SiO₂催化剂得到适中的Ru纳米颗粒尺寸(～5 nm)且反应活性也最高。对于Ru/AC和Ru/MnO₂,其Ru纳米颗粒尺寸仅为1-3 nm,表现出...     

适体修饰纳米金催化-共振散射光谱测定凝血酶

用核酸适体修饰纳米金制备了识别凝血酶(TB)的适体修饰纳米金(AptAu)共振散射光谱探针. 在pH 7.40 的Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄缓冲溶液中及NaCl, KCl存在下, AptAu探针中的适配体特异识别凝血酶, 生成稳定的G-四分体和大粒径的纳米金聚集体. 经微孔滤膜过滤后, 纳米金聚集体被分离, 以滤液中未反应的AptAu作催化晶种, 在20.0 μg/mL HAuCl₄-5.01 mmol/L HCl-1.83 mg/mL CTMAB-50.1 μg/mL VC条件下, 催化维生素C (VC)还原HAuCl₄生成较大粒径的金颗粒, 体系在600 nm处有一共振散射峰. 随着凝血酶浓度的增大, 滤液中AptAu浓度降低, 催化作用减弱, 600 nm处的共振散射峰降低, 其降低值ΔI_{600 nm}与凝血酶浓度在6.40×10^－3～0.150 U/mL范围内存在良好线性关系, 回归方程为ΔI＝1.26×10³C＋1.50, 相关系数为0.999, 检出限为1.30×10^－3 U/mL. 该法用于定量分析人血浆中凝血酶, 结果满意.     

Ru-Zn/ZrO2催化剂在苯部分加氢反应中的孔径效应

采用沉淀法和溶剂热法合成了三种具有相同晶型但不同孔径的四方ZrO₂（t-ZrO₂）,以此为载体,采用沉积沉淀-硫酸锌溶液中还原的方法制备了Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂,考察了Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂的孔径对苯部分加氢性能的影响.采用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、CO化学吸附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）、X射线激发俄歇电子能谱（XAES）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对载体和催化剂进行了系统的表征.研究表明,在苯部分加氢反应中,Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂的孔径对环己烯的选择性有显著影响.随催化剂孔径的增大,苯的转换频率（TOF）基本不变,环己烯初始选择性（S₀）则逐渐升高,孔径为11.7 nm的ZrO₂（ZrO₂（11.7））负载的Ru-Zn/ZrO₂（11.7）催化剂的S₀及得率最高,分别可达88%和54%.结合催化剂的表征和加氢结果,讨论了孔径影响苯部分加氢活性和选择性的原因.     

NOx在担载CeO2的纳米ZrO2上的吸附研究

通过反相微乳液法制备了纳米级高比表面积ZrO₂粉体材料,用TEM,XRD和氮气吸附BET比表面积等手段对其进行了表征,研究了Ce(NO₃)₃溶液浸渍的ZrO₂粉体对氮氧化物的吸附活性.实验结果表明,5%Ce/ZrO₂样品室温时可吸附NO_x的最大值为34.5mg;100℃时为17.5mg;200℃时可达9.5mg.对比表明,同样条件下微乳液法制备的ZrO₂对NO_x的最大吸附量是一般沉淀法制备的ZrO₂样品的2.5倍.纳米级ZrO₂的特殊孔结构可能是导致微乳液法制备的ZrO₂样品吸附量较高的主要原因.     

ZrO2和Al2O3载体对Mo基催化剂上甲烷化反应性能的影响

通过共沉淀法制备了ZrO₂和Al₂O₃载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃质量分数为5%的Mo/ZrO₂和Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂,并用于甲烷化反应。在三种反应气氛下对两种预硫化的Mo基催化剂进行评价,发现ZrO₂载体均可显著促进甲烷化反应,同时能够促进水汽变换（WGS）反应。通过XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS和TEM等表征发现,两种载体上Mo物种的硫化程度以及暴露的活性位数量不同,从而导致两种催化剂上催化性能差异显著。与Mo/Al₂O₃相比,Mo/ZrO₂催化剂上的MoO₃更易被还原,硫化程度也更高,并且Mo⁴⁺的含量更高,Mo⁶⁺的含量更低。虽然ZrO₂载体上MoS₂尺寸较大,边位置的Mo比例有所降低,但是由于MoS₂沿ZrO₂颗粒表面弯曲生长,使得MoS₂基面成为反应的活性位;因此,Mo/ZrO₂催化剂在甲烷化与WGS反应中表现出更优异的催化性能。     

ZrO2晶型对CO加氢制异丁烯反应影响的研究

不同晶型结构的ZrO₂在CO加氢制异丁烯反应中表现出不同的催化性能。尽管单斜相ZrO₂在合成气制异丁烯反应中具有最优异的催化性能,但是对于其异构化活性位仍缺乏深入认识。通过研究ZrO₂晶型结构对反应性能的影响差异,有利于深入认识ZrO₂催化剂上合成气制异丁烯反应的关键影响因素。因此,本研究制备了一系列不同晶型结构的ZrO₂催化剂,研究了它们在结构性质及催化CO加氢制异丁烯反应性能方面的差异。相对于四方相和无定型ZrO₂,在单斜相ZrO₂催化剂表面,有较多的配位不饱和的Zr位点和O位点。配位不饱和的Zr位点是CO吸附活化的位点,有利于CO的转化。而较多的不饱和配位的O位点,为异丁烯的生成提供了更多的碱性位。此外,在单斜相ZrO₂催化剂表面,配位不饱和的Zr位点和O位点的存在,抑制了电子向反应中生成的甲酸盐物种转移,因此,甲酸盐物种在催化剂表面吸附较弱,有利于CO加氢生成异丁烯。     

纳米氧化锆沉积硅胶色谱固定相的制备及亲水作用色谱行为

采用液相沉积法(LPD)制备了纳米氧化锆沉积硅胶色谱固定相(ZrO₂/SiO₂), 并将其应用于亲水作用色谱分离中. 考察并比较了ZrO₂/SiO₂、 硅胶(SiO₂)和氧化锆(ZrO₂) 3种色谱固定相在不同有机调节剂比例、 不同pH值及不同盐浓度的流动相条件下的色谱行为. 结果表明, 制备的ZrO₂/SiO₂色谱柱不仅具有SiO₂色谱柱高柱效的优点, 表面沉积的纳米氧化锆还能有效屏蔽硅羟基, 有利于碱性物质的保留和分离, 表现出良好的亲水作用色谱性能. 将ZrO₂/SiO₂色谱柱用于4种脱氧核苷和5种碱性化合物的分离, 均得到了较好的效果, 展现出其作为色谱固定相良好的应用前景.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.