噪声对一种三粒子量子探针态的影响

量子度量学是研究量子测量与统计推断的一门学科,主要利用量子手段来提高参数估计的精度,在量子信息处理与测量中起到关键作用.量子参数估计的一般过程包含四个步骤:探针态的制备、参数化过程、对参数化后的输出态进行测量以及根据测量结果估计待测参数.其中探针态的选取对测量精度起着至关重要的作用.然而在实际的量子探针态的制备过程中,初始探针态会受到环境噪声的影响.目前人们已经研究了W态与Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)态的量子Fisher信息(QFI)在典型噪声通道下的变化行为.由于W态与GHZ态有着不同的纠缠性质,对于W态与GHZ态的叠加态的QFI动力学研究具有重要的实际意义.故此,本文主要研究典型噪声通道对这两种状态的叠加态的QFI动力学行为的影响,得出了QFI随噪声参数的变化行为.结果表明,叠加态中W态组分可明显对抗相位阻尼噪声对探针态的QFI的影响,而其中的GHZ态组分可明显对抗振幅阻尼噪声的影响,从而为在实际环境中选取高精度的参数估计过程提供参考.     

基于量子隐形传态的量子保密通信方案

量子保密通信包括量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和量子秘密共享等主要形式.在量子密钥分发和秘密共享中,传输的是随机数而不是信息,要再经过一次经典通信才能完成信息的传输.在量子信道直接传输信息的量子通信形式是量子安全直接通信.基于量子隐形传态的量子通信(简称量子隐形传态通信)是否属于量子安全直接通信尚需解释.构造了一个量子隐形传态通信方案,给出了具体的操作步骤.与一般的量子隐形传态不同,量子隐形传态通信所传输的量子态是计算基矢态,大大简化了贝尔基测量和单粒子操作.分析结果表明,量子隐形传态通信等价于包含了全用型量子密钥分发和经典通信的复合过程,不是量子安全直接通信,其传输受到中间介质和距离的影响,所以不比量子密钥分发更有优势.将该方案与量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和经典一次性便笺密码方案进行对比,通过几个通信参数的比较给出各个方案的特点,还特别讨论了各方案在空间量子通信方面的特点.     

基于三粒子GHZ态的双向量子可控隐形传态

提出基于三粒子GHZ态的双向量子可控隐形传态方案.方案中,使用两个三粒子GHZ态作为量子通道.而根据在量子通道中发送者,接收者和控制者所拥有的粒子的不同以及所采用的测量基的不同,设计出了三方参与的双向可控量子隐形传态方案和四方参与的双向可控量子隐形传态方案.在方案中,Alice和Bob对所拥有的粒子做合适的投影测量,并将其测量结果通知对方和控制者.若控制者同意此次传态,则会对自己所拥有的粒子做投影测量,并将结果告知接收者.接收者根据发送者和控制者的测量信息,做出相对应的幺正操作来重建发送者的量子态.同时三方参与和四方参与的量子可控隐形传态方案提高了通信的安全性.     

量子隐形传态的新方案

提出一个量子隐形传态的新方案. 通过对一对压缩参数相同但相互独立的双模压缩真空态(1-2和3-4量子态系统)中的2-3系统施行粒子数-相位的联合测量,制备出另外两体系统(1-4系统)的纠缠态作为纠缠源,从而实现量子隐形传态. 关键词： 量子隐形传态 双模压缩真空态 纠缠态 粒子数-相位测量     

量子隐形传态

量子隐形传态是目前量子信息中人们关注的热门课题之一，它是量子信息理论的重要组成部分，也是量子计算的基础。文章阐述了标准量子隐形传态和概率量子隐形传态的基本理论以及EPR效应，Bell基测量等相关的概念，同时给出一种实现隐形传态的量子电路，并介绍了当前理论与实验的研究进展。     

利用GHZ态实现多原子缠结态的量子隐形传态

提出一种利用GHZ态实现多原子缠结态的量子隐形传态方案.当作为量子通道的GHZ态含有一个单模高Q腔时,大大地简化了量子稳形传态中的联合测量过程.     

基于量子隐形传态的完全Bell基测量

完全区分4个Bell态是实现量子隐形传态过程的关键,目前线形光学的办法还不能对Bell态进行完全的测量.我们根据两光子量子隐形传态方案利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,通过高位希尔伯特空间中偏振与路径之间的纠缠实现了完全bell基测量.通过引入参考光的方法,达到干涉仪两臂相位的自动稳定;该方案成功应用于16 km自由空间量子隐形传态实验中.     

量子隐形传态看作量子信道

非理想的纠缠资源和非标准的量子隐形传态操作导致非理想的量子态传输.本文从Nielsen-Caves理论出发,导出了非理想的量子隐形传态过程对应的量子信道的明显表达式.这给我们提供了对量子隐形传态的新认识,即量子隐形传态过程可等效地看作量子态依次通过三个量子信道的过程,这三个信道分别对应于发送者的测量、纠缠态和接收者的操作.特别地,我们建立了纠缠态与量子信道之间的一一对应关系,即一个纠缠态对应于这样一个量子信道,如果把描述该量子信道的Kraus算符用Pauli算符展开,则得到的参数矩阵就是该纠缠态的密度算符在Bell基下的矩阵.我们还导出了量子隐形传态保真度的明显表达式.我们的结果解析地揭示了输出态和保真度对纠缠资源和量子隐形传态操作的依赖关系.     

利用GHZ态实现多原子缠结态的量子隐形传态(英文)

提出一种利用 GHZ态实现多原子缠结态的量子隐形传态方案 .当作为量子通道的 GHZ态含有一个单模高 Q腔时 ,大大地简化了量子稳形传态中的联合测量过程     

多跳噪声量子纠缠信道特性及最佳中继协议

在量子通信网络中, 最佳中继路径的计算与选择策略是影响网络性能的关键因素. 针对噪声背景下量子隐形传态网络中的中继路径选择问题, 本文首先研究了相位阻尼信道及振幅阻尼信道上的纠缠交换过程, 通过理论推导给出了两种多跳纠缠交换信道上的纠缠保真度与路径等效阻尼系数. 在此基础上提出以路径等效阻尼系数为准则的隐形传态网络最佳中继协议, 并给出了邻居发现、量子链路噪声参数测量、量子链路状态信息传递、中继路径计算与纠缠资源预留等工作的具体过程. 理论分析与性能仿真结果表明, 相比于现有的量子网络路径选择策略, 本文方法能获得更小的路径平均等效阻尼系数及更高的隐形传态保真度. 此外, 通过分析链路纠缠资源数量对协议性能的影响, 说明在进行量子通信网设计时, 可以根据网络的规模及用户的需求合理配置链路纠缠资源.     

Improving the teleportation of quantum Fisher information under non-Markovian environment

Quantum teleportation is designed to send an unknown quantum state between two parties. In the perspective of remote quantum metrology, one may be interested in teleporting the information that is encoded by physical parameters synthesized by quantum Fisher information (QFI). However, the teleported QFI is often destroyed by the unavoidable interaction between the system and the environment. Here, we propose two schemes to improve the teleportation of QFI in the non-Markovian environment. One is to control the quantum system through the operations of weak measurement (WM) and corresponding quantum measurement reversal (QMR). The other is to modify the quantum system based on the monitoring result of the environment (i.e., environment-assisted measurement, EAM). It is found that, in the non-Markovian environment, these two schemes can improve the teleportation of QFI. By selecting the appropriate strengths of WM and QMR, the environment noise can be completely eliminated and the initial QFI is perfectly teleported. A comprehensive comparison shows that the second scheme not only has a higher probability of success than the first one, but also has a significant improvement of the teleported QFI.     

Enhancing robustness of multiparty quantum correlations using weak measurement

Multipartite quantum correlations are important resources for the development of quantum information and computation protocols. However, the resourcefulness of multipartite quantum correlations in practical settings is limited by its fragility under decoherence due to environmental interactions. Though there exist protocols to protect bipartite entanglement under decoherence, the implementation of such protocols for multipartite quantum correlations has not been sufficiently explored. Here, we study the effect of local amplitude damping channel on the generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, and use a protocol of optimal reversal quantum weak measurement to protect the multipartite quantum correlations. We observe that the weak measurement reversal protocol enhances the robustness of multipartite quantum correlations. Further it increases the critical damping value that corresponds to entanglement sudden death. To emphasize the efficacy of the technique in protection of multipartite quantum correlation, we investigate two proximately related quantum communication tasks, namely, quantum teleportation in a one sender, many receivers setting and multiparty quantum information splitting, through a local amplitude damping channel. We observe an increase in the average fidelity of both the quantum communication tasks under the weak measurement reversal protocol. The method may prove beneficial, for combating external interactions, in other quantum information tasks using multipartite resources.     

Bidirectional multi-qubit quantum teleportation in noisy channel aided with weak measurement

Recently,bidirectional quantum teleportation has attracted a great deal of research attention.However,existing bidirectional teleportation schemes are normally discussed on the basis of perfect quantum environments.In this paper,we first put forward a bidirectional teleportation scheme to transport three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states based on controled-not(CNOT) operation and single-qubit measurement.Then,we generalize it to the teleportation of multi-qubit GHZ states.Further,we discuss the influence of quantum noise on our scheme by the example of an amplitude damping channel,then we obtain the fidelity of the teleportation.Finally,we utilize the weak measurement and the corresponding reversing measurement to protect the quantum entanglement,which shows an effective enhancement of the teleportation fidelity.     

Quantum Fisher information of a qubit-qutrit system in Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilation space–time

We investigate the quantum Fisher information(QFI) of a qubit-qutrit system in the background of Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilation black hole. After deriving the analytical expression of the QFI, we examine its dynamics with respect to the dilation parameter D and the state parameter γ of the system. Our results show that the QFI for the estimation of γ is a fixed value,which is independent of the parameters D and γ. And the QFI for the estimation of D varies with the parameters D and γ. Additionally, we propose an effective strategy to steer the QFI by introducing weak measurement reversal. We find that the QFI can be remarkably enhanced by adjusting the appropriate reversing measurement strengths. Our findings might provide some useful insights for the study on parameter estimation of hybrid systems in the framework of relativity theory.     

Improving the Precision of Multiparameter Estimation in the Teleportation of Qutrit under Amplitude Damping Noise

Since the initial discovery of quantum teleportation, it is devoted to transferring unknown quantum states from one party to another distant partner. However, in the scenarios of remote sensing, what people truly care about is the information carried by certain parameters. The problem of multiparameter estimation in the framework of qutrit teleportation under amplitude damping (AD) noise is studied. Particularly, two schemes are proposed to battle against AD noise and enhance the precision of multiparameter estimation by utilizing weak measurement (WM) and environment-assisted measurement (EAM). For two-phase parameters encoded in a qutrit state, the analytical formulas of the quantum Fisher information matrix can be obtained. The results prove that the scheme of EAM outperforms the WM one in the improvements of both independent and simultaneous estimation precision. Remarkably, the EAM scheme can completely ensure the estimation precision against the contamination by AD noise. The reason should be attributed to the fact that EAM is carried out after the AD noise. Thus, it extracts information from both the system and the environment. The findings show that the techniques of WM and EAM are helpful for remote quantum sensing and can be generalized to other qutrit-based quantum information tasks under AD decoherence.     

Deterministic quantum teleportation and information splitting via a peculiar W-class state

In the paper ({\em Phys. Rev.} 2006 A {\bf 74} 062320) Agrawal {\em et al}. have introduced a kind of W-class state which can be used for the quantum teleportation of single-particle state via a three-particle von Neumann measurement, and they thought that the state could not be used to teleport an unknown state by making two-particle and one-particle measurements. Here we reconsider the features of the W-class state and the quantum teleportation process via the W-class state. We show that, by introducing a unitary operation, the quantum teleportation can be achieved deterministically by making two-particle and one-particle measurements. In addition, our protocol is extended to the process of teleporting two-particle state and splitting information.     

Direct measurement for general quantum states using parametric quantum circuits

In the field of quantum information,the acquisition of information for unknown quantum states is very important.When we only need to obtain specific elements of a state density matrix,the traditional quantum state tomography will become very complicated,because it requires a global quantum state reconstruction.Direct measurement of the quantum state allows us to obtain arbitrary specific matrix elements of the quantum state without state reconstruction,so direct measurement schemes have obtained...     

Several teleportation schemes of an arbitrary unknown multi-particle state via different quantum channels

We first provide four new schemes for two-party quantum teleportation of an arbitrary unknown multi-particle state by using three-, four-, and five-particle states as the quantum channel, respectively. The successful probability and fidelity of the four schemes reach 1. In the first two schemes, the receiver can only apply one of the unitary transformations to reconstruct the original state, making it easier for these two schemes to be directly realized. In the third and fourth schemes, the sender can preform Bell-state measurements instead of multipartite entanglement measurements of the existing similar schemes, which makes real experiments more suitable. It is found that the last three schemes may become tripartite controlled teleportation schemes of teleporting an arbitrary multi-particle state after a simple modification. Finally, we present a new scheme for three-party sharing an arbitrary unknown multi-particle state. In this scheme, the sender first shares three three-particle GHZ states with two agents. After setting up the secure quantum channel, an arbitrary unknown multi-particle state can be perfectly teleported if the sender performs three Bell-state measurements, and either of two receivers operates an appropriate unitary transformation to obtain the original state with the help of other receiver's three single-particle measurements. The successful probability and fidelity of this scheme also reach 1. It is demonstrated that this scheme can be generalized easily to the case of sharing an arbitrary unknown multi-particle state among several agents.