迪西鹰嘴豆和卡布里鹰嘴豆铅、汞和砷等有害元素含量的分析比较

用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法和双通道原子荧光光谱法分别测定新疆乌什县产的卡布里鹰嘴豆和木垒县产的迪西鹰嘴豆铅、汞、砷等有害元素的含量,分析比较两种鹰嘴豆铅、汞、砷等有害元素含量的差异.新疆乌什县产的卡布里类型鹰嘴豆的铅含量高于木垒县产的迪西类型鹰嘴豆;而木垒县产的迪西类型鹰嘴豆含有少量的汞,两种鹰嘴豆的铅、汞含量存在一定的差异,但是二者铅、汞、砷含量均在标准范围内.从铅、汞、砷等有害元素含量的测定结果可知,两种类型鹰嘴豆均具有极高的开发推广价值.     

原子吸收法测定江西十种中成药

采用火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉子吸收法分析了１０种中成药中２１种无机微量元素的含量。并对所含的无机微量元素及其效用进行了初探,说明了中成药的功效与其所含的无机微量元素有一定关联。     

火焰原子吸收法测定大豆和豆制品中铁、锌、铜、铬和镍

采用WFX-1型原子吸收分光光度计测定大豆及豆制品中微量元素铁、锌、铜、铬、镍的含量.大豆及豆制品中铁、锌、铜、铬、镍含量丰富,对人体有益.大豆产地不同,其所含微量元素也不同.一般大豆中微量元素含量高者则其豆制品中微量元素含量也高,呈正相关.     

光谱法分析研究新疆瓜果微量元素含量

利用原子吸收法和原子发射法对新疆十一类瓜果八种微量元素进行检测,并与中国生物标准进行比较分析。 结果发现,新疆和田地区苹果含锌66.75 mg·kg-1、含钾819.2 mg·kg-1、含锰4.657 mg·kg-1,大枣含锶8.62 mg·kg-1;新疆库尔勒地区石榴含钾687 mg·kg-1;新疆哈密地区大枣锰、锌、锶、钙、铁、镍和钾七种微量元素含量均高出各相应的中国生物标准;在十一类瓜果中铜元素含量均低于中国生物标准;八种微量元素含量平均值在新疆库尔勒石榴、新疆和田苹果、新疆哈密大枣中表现很高（分别为91.82, 121.5, 275.3 mg·kg-1）;在新疆五家渠种植的西瓜中八种微量元素表现出果皮中平均含量（54.19 mg·kg-1)是瓤中平均含量(48.69 mg·kg-1)的1.11倍。其研究结果对新疆瓜果营养成分研究提供科学的基础数据。     

ICP-AES法测定蚂蚁粉中多种微量元素

研究了ICP－AES法测定蚂蚁粉中多种微量元素的方法，通过方法试验确认采用低温灰化法制备样品，不仅能满足ICP－AES法测定的要求，同时具有样品处理方法简单，快速，经济等优点，其方法的回收率在92．0－100．7％之间，精密度在0．20％－9．29％之间，实验数据证明该方法完全可以满足同类样品的微量元素检测要求。     

黄鼠狼尾毛和马身毛的X射线能谱微区分析鉴别方法研究

本文用电子显微镜和Ｘ射线能谱仪对黄鼠狼尾毛和马身手进行了元素微区分析，实验表明黄鼠狼尾毛和马身毛的鳞片层和髓质层所含微量元素有明显区别，这项研究为科学地鉴别两种毛纤维提供了科学依据。     

红车轴草总异黄酮粉剂的质量标准

采用薄层色谱法建立其有效成分芒柄花素和鹰嘴豆芽素A定性方法,采用高效液相色谱法建立其有效成分芒柄花素和鹰嘴豆芽素A含量测定方法,以期建立红车轴草总异黄酮粉剂的质量标准。结果显示薄层斑点清晰、重现性好;测定芒柄花素和鹰嘴豆芽素A重现性好,平均加样回收率分别为101.10%及98.44%,RSD分别为2.19%和2.15%。本法简便、准确,可用于本品的质量控制。     

萃取火焰原子吸收法测定高梁种皮中的硒

本文研究了微量元素硒，用APDC和MIBK萃取，火焰原子吸收法进行测定。通过萃取富集，既克服了硒的原子化效率低而难以测定的缺点，又消除了稳定剂Cu^2 及样品中所含有的其他金属离子对硒测定的干扰，用于高梁种皮中硒的测定，效果良好，方法简单，快速、准确，具有较高的准确度和精密度，相对标准偏差为4.18%，回收率为97.8%。     

ICP-AES测定新疆菊苣子中的微量元素

试样经湿法消解后,采用ICP-AES测定新疆菊苣子中微量元素的含量。方法回收率在95.8%—101.3%之间,相对标准偏差均小于4%。实验证明,新疆菊苣子含有丰富的对人体有益的微量元素,为开发利用这一资源提供可信依据。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究核辐照对三七总皂苷粉成分的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(卷积谱)法对经不同剂量y-射线核辐照的三七总皂苷粉进行了对比研究.辐照剂量不高于9kGy时,三七总皂苷粉样品的化学成分几乎没有发生变化;三七总皂苷粉样品经15kGy及以上的辐照剂量辐照后,可能产生新的化学成分;经21kGy的剂量辐照,三七总皂苷粉产生了人参、三七粉所含的普通成分(非三七总皂苷成分...     

新疆软玉、辽宁岫岩软玉的XRD及红外光谱研究

选取新疆和辽宁岫岩两地不同颜色的软玉,青玉、黄玉、白玉、碧玉及岫岩的特殊品种——河磨玉作为研究对象,通过宝石学测试、红外吸收光谱和X粉晶衍射分析对两个产地不同种类及颜色软玉的宝石矿物学特征进行了系统研究和对比,以探索两产地相近颜色软玉的异同,为软玉的产地鉴别提供理论依据。研究结果表明,辽宁岫岩与新疆软玉的宝石学性质相似,折射率为1.60～1.62,密度为2.660~3.020 g·cm-3,密度随颜色的不同有一定差异,荧光特征均不明显,两产地软玉的主要组成矿物均为透闪石,其中新疆碧玉中含有少量绿泥石、伊利石等粘土矿物。两产地不同种类软玉的X粉晶衍射分析显示,不同种类软玉的衍射峰峰形特征及衍射强度在一定程度上可以反映软玉的质地及结晶颗粒大小。红外吸收光谱显示两产地软玉的红外吸收光谱特征类似,对鉴别软玉产地及种属意义不大。     

WD-XRF在新疆某地区化探样品上的应用

讨论了波长色散X射线荧光光谱法(WD-XRF)在地质样品分析中的测量条件、适用范围、分析方法的精密度和准确性.本法用经验系数法和散射线内标法校正基体效应,采用粉末压片法制取试样,对新疆某地区化探样品50种元素进行分析,提高了分析精度.重点研究Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe 4种成分.     

基于连续小波变换FTIR鉴定青葙子及鸡冠子的研究

借助OMNI采样器,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法直接、快速、准确地测定青葙子及其伪品鸡冠子的红外光谱。利用连续小波变换对真伪品的红外光谱进行放大处理,以有效突出真伪品间的红外光谱差异程度,从而提高鉴定正确率。采用对信号奇异性具有良好探测能力的Morlet小波做小波母函数,对青葙子真伪品的红外光谱进行若干尺度的一维连续小波变换,在各个尺度下观察青葙子的真伪品的红外光谱的差异程度,从中选择一个差异程度最为明显的尺度来区分青葙子真伪品。结果表明：基于连续小波变换的傅里叶红外光谱分析方法能够有效鉴别同科同属不同种植物中药材。     

原子吸收光谱法测定12种中成药的10种无机元素

本文测定了12种中成药中10种无机元素,证明中成药含有丰富的无机元素,探讨了无机元素与中药的药效关系,结果表明中成药中的无机元素与药效有一定的关连。并且无机元素含量的多少也与药效有密切关系,为了保证中成药的药效,无机元素的含量多少也应该有合理的控制线,控制线的制订有待今后探讨。     

麻黄与杏仁混合汤剂红外光谱分析

测试了单味药麻黄、杏仁及麻黄+杏仁混合汤剂的红外光谱。经分析：在麻黄+杏仁汤剂中保留了麻黄、杏仁单味药物汤剂中的某些吸收峰,见麻黄+杏仁光谱1 402和1 076 cm-1处等;麻黄、杏仁光谱中的某些吸收峰并未在麻黄+杏仁光谱中出现,见麻黄+杏仁光谱1 394和682 cm-1处等;在麻黄+杏仁汤剂光谱中,出现了新的吸收峰,见麻黄+杏仁光谱688和1 187 cm-1处等。同时,因吸收峰位置的改变,说明各基团在麻黄、杏仁、麻黄+杏仁汤剂中所处的化学环境不同, 汤剂中生化物质的结构发生了变化,或麻黄+杏仁汤剂中可能新生成了麻黄、杏仁单味药物汤剂中所没有的化学成分。麻黄+杏仁汤剂所包含的药物成分并非是单味麻黄、杏仁汤剂所含药物成分的简单相加。     

Semen cryopreservation: a genetic explanation for species and individual variation?

Although semen cryopreservation has been applied successfully in a few species, considerable variation in post-thaw semen viability exists. Independent of sperm quality before freezing, the semen of certain individuals will consistently freeze badly, resulting in poor motility, disrupted acrosome and plasma membrane, and thus reduced fertilising ability, indicating the existence of variation in membrane properties within species. A more comprehensive understanding of sperm cryobiology would be obtained by the investigation of within-species variation in the susceptibility of spermatozoa to cryoinjury. This review aims to explore the phenomenon of consistent variation in frozen semen quality between species and between individuals in an effort to find new insights into the reasons for cryoinjury. Recent studies suggest that there is a genetic basis for variation in post-thaw semen quality, and argue that modern molecular technologies are able to identify markers linked to genes influencing this variation. The identification of genetic differences between individuals, which may be linked to cryosurvival, provides an opportunity to develop a functional and molecular understanding of the factors that influence semen cryopreservation, allowing selective breeding of desired traits and the development of genetic tests that predict the outcome of semen freezing.     

Characteristics of fresh gander semen and its susceptibility to cryopreservation in six generations derived from geese inseminated with frozen-thawed semen

The paper summarises seven years experiments designed to determine the effect of continuous insemination with frozen-thawed semen on fresh semen quality and sperm susceptibility to freezing stress in succeeding generations. During course of experiments, semen was collected from 10-12 White Koluda ganders at the age of 8-9 months, then subjected to freezing and used after thawing for insemination of 10 geese in order to obtain the subsequent generation of males. Semen was diluted 1 to 0.5 (v/v) with EK diluent, equilibrated for 15 min at +4 degrees C, mixed with 6 percent (v/v) of dimethyl-formamide (DMF), frozen to temp. -140 degrees C at a rate 60 degree C per min and then transferred into liquid nitrogen container. Semen samples were thawed prior to insemination in a 60 degree C water-bath. It is difficult to conclude whether freezing stress affected the fresh semen quality, since average volume of SQF (index comprising ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and percentage of live normal cells) varied between generations from 19.3 to 56.2. Continuous goose reproduction by insemination with frozen-thawed semen resulted in significant increase (P less than 0.01) in spermatozoa resistance to cryoinjury in every subsequent generation. In the relation to adequate fresh semen the percentage of live morphologically intact spermatozoa which withstood freezing procedure increased from 27.2 in first generation to 74.4 in sixth generation.     

Structure of mammalian spermatozoa in respect to viability, fertility and cryopreservation

Morphological assessment of spermatozoa has a long history and it is generally accepted that specific morphologic structural deviations correlate with male sub- and infertility. Although many different and also new methods are used in semen analysis, light microscopy is still used for routine morphological evaluation. This paper gives an overview about the detailed structure of physiological mammalian spermatozoa as well as the most common morphological deviations in correlation to fertility. This should be the basis for explanation of problems resulting from semen cryopreservation. General aspects of semen cryopreservation should be regarded before to facilitate the understanding of methods and mechanisms.     

Effect of the extender supplement Equex-STM on cryopreserved semen in the Assaf sheep

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adding the detergent Equex-STM to the extender used to dilute semen for cryopreservation on several indicators of sperm preservation. Two consecutive ejaculates per day were obtained from 5 Assaf sheep on two days out of every week over three alternate months. The freezing protocol involved diluting the semen in Fiser's extender, to which 0.7 percent Equex-STM was added or omitted before cryopreserving the semen in straws by exposure to nitrogen vapor. Equex-STM supplementation gave rise to significantly (p=0.05) improved sperm quality variables after different periods of freezing (0 hours, 1 week and 1 month). The variables examined were: individual motility, viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity (HOS test) and morphological anomalies. This improvement was independent of the ram and month of testing. In a second experiment in which we incubated the semen (0 and 6 hours) at 37 degree C after thawing, Equex-STM also showed a beneficial effect on sperm quality.