水泵水轮机无叶区压力脉动研究

为了研究水泵水轮机无叶区压力脉动特性,对某一电站水泵水轮机模型进行了试验,得到不同导叶开度下"S"特性及压力脉动特性。同时,利用ANSYS CFX对水泵水轮机19mm活动导叶开度下的不同工况进行了全流道非定常数值模拟,并分析了四种典型工况下水泵水轮机无叶区的压力脉动和内部流动。结果表明:水轮机工况P01,叶片吸力面附近流动分离较弱,无叶区的压力脉动较小;飞逸工况P05,流动分离加剧,形成了明显的旋涡,压力脉动较大;制动区工况P07,发生了明显的旋转失速,且频率为0.7f_n,流动呈现明显的不对称性,各流道的流量相差较大,压力脉动进一步增大;小流量工况P09,旋转失速消失,流动具有明显的对称性,压力脉动较小。该研究可为水泵水轮机的优化设计提供参考。     

水泵水轮机空载开度压力脉动特性预测

为了解水泵水轮机非同步导叶启动过程空载开度下的压力脉动特性,优化机组的性能提高并网成功几率,采用RNG k-ε模型对水泵水轮机非同步导叶空载点进行模拟,并对内部流场和压力脉动特性进行了分析。结果表明,转轮与活动导叶之间的压力脉动由叶片通过频率央定,尾水管涡带的周期性旋转导致尾水管进口呈现低频压力脉动,压力脉动幅值最大处位于预开启同步导叶与转轮之间。     

基于湍动能的水泵水轮机无叶区流动分析

水泵水轮机采用非同步导叶时,无叶区的压力脉动幅值增大,流动更加不稳定。为了弄清无叶区的流动形态,分析预开启导叶对无叶区流动的影响,选取预开启导叶开度为21°下的飞逸工况点为研究对象,基于湍动能求解雷诺应力并对无叶区流动进行分析,详细分析各正应力项对流动稳定性的影响规律。对比同步导叶流场分布,提出无叶区流动稳定性的影响因素。在预开启导叶尾迹方向接近叶片压力面入口处,存在一个范围较大的高湍动能区域,其与雷诺应力的极值位置基本重合。     

水泵水轮机泵工况小流量区压力脉动预测

为了研究水泵水轮机偏工况下的导叶内部的压力脉动特征,本文比较分析了非定常雷诺平均模拟方法URANS和脱体涡模拟方法DES两种方法预测压力脉动特征的可行性,结果表明,DES可以用来预测压力脉动特征,最后,重点对泵工况Q/QD=0.15工况点的压力脉动的时域和频域特征进行了分析,得到固定导叶和活动导叶内部的压力脉动主要是低频成分,为转轮通过频率的11.27%。此外,固定导叶内部的压力脉动没有受到转轮内部的影响,而活动导叶内部则含有转轮通过频率成分。     

轴流式水轮机摆度对压力脉动的影响

水轮机组运行中过大的振动摆度将导致轴瓦温度过高以及上、下机架和机组本身疲劳破坏,甚至导致机组的共振,将对机组的稳定运行造成很大的影响.本文以大型轴流转桨式水轮机为研究对象,在实际运行中该机组主轴的摆度在0.15～0.35 mm之间.本论文通过对轴流转桨式水轮机全流道三维非定常湍流计算,主要预测了转轮后、尾水管进口及尾水管内等几个位置在未考虑主轴摆度、主轴摆度分别为0.2 mm和0.3 mm情况下的压力脉动,对以上三种情况下产生的压力脉动结果进行了比较和分析,从而探讨了轴流式水轮机主轴摆度对压力脉动的影响.     

应用新型导叶的混流式水轮机DES模拟

应用脱离涡模型(DES),对两种采用了新型三维导叶的混流式模型水轮机进行了模拟.通过与模型试验对比,分析了新型导叶对于模型水轮机的内部流动状态和压力脉动的影响情况.与基于雷诺时均方程(RANS)的RNG k-ε求解结果对比,显示了DES模拟的优越性.结果显示,新型导叶对于降低水轮机压力脉动幅值有明显效果.     

轴流式水轮机三维非定常湍流计算及压力脉动预测

水轮机的稳定性研究是目前工程上大型水轮机组流动分析的重要课题,本文以某水电站的大型轴流转桨式水轮机原型为基础建立计算模型,完成了从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口整个流道的非定常湍流计算,预测了固定导叶进口、转轮后、尾水管进口等多个位置的压力脉动,并利用FFT变换进行分析得到了压力脉动的频率和幅值,探讨了水轮机全流道内压力脉动产生和传播的原理．     

轴流式模型水轮机压力脉动试验与数值计算预测

本文将利用RNG κ-ε湍流模型对轴流式模型水轮机进行了全流道三维非定常湍流计算,预测模型水轮机的压力脉动性能.同时,本文对轴流式模型水轮机进行了压力脉动试验,通过对模型水轮机压力脉动试验结果与数值计算结果的对比,以验证数值计算预测压力脉动性能的准确性和可行性.     

不同空化条件下凝水泵内压力脉动特征

对一台凝水泵进行压力脉动实验研究。该凝水泵的叶轮由5长5短叶片组成,叶轮上下游分别设置导流栅和径向导叶。结果表明,该泵的临界汽蚀余量小于1m。低转速条件下,泵的总体压力脉动较高转速条件下低,但同流量下,泵的空化性能较高转速时差。随着泵进口压力的降低,叶频和1/2叶频对应的压力脉动幅值呈现下降趋势,并于空化临界点附近剧增。而小流量工况下,随着空化的发展,叶频被抑制,同时1/2叶频对应的压力脉动幅值呈现不规则变化。     

水泵水轮机在泵工况的导叶水力矩特性

针对水泵水轮机泵工况的导叶水力矩试验中,各被测导叶的水力矩因数并非完全轴对称,本文运用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟方法,使用SSTκ-ω湍流模型进行数值计算,分析导叶、转轮区域内部流场,探究导叶水力矩特性及其与内流流态的关联。结果表明:力矩因数值的数值模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好,由试验结果可知各开度下水泵工况的力矩因数值呈现抛物线型规律。导叶开度小于43.0%时,流体绕流导叶产生大量旋涡;且开度越小,涡的强度越大,流动越紊乱;开度在51.2%至67.6%范围内,转轮和导水机构流道内流动平稳。小于43.0%开度时,各导叶的水力矩因数均匀性较差,随着导叶开度减小,水力矩因数和静压值的周期性变差,幅值增大,压力脉动和水力矩脉动均明显增强。     

垂直上升管泡状流压力波动的多尺度分析

从理想的单气泡运动物理模型和离散正交小波与统计相结合的信号处理技术研究了泡状流压力波动的机理与多尺度时频规律,得到以下结论:泡状流的压力波动主要来源于气泡的运动和诱导湍流及液相湍流,其中在低流速下前者产生的压力波动幅度大于后两者;存在一个临界频率,低于该频率压力信号均方根随频率的增加而增加,高于该频率压力信号均方根随频率的增加而减小;发生流型转变时压力信号的时频特征发生明显改变,最大均方根出现在更低的频率区。     

多级离心泵内叶轮出口压力脉动研究

为研究瞬态工况下离心泵叶轮出口处的压力脉动情况,为离心泵泄漏流道流动提供边界条件,建立了包含叶轮和导叶流道的离心泵模型,基于CFD方法计算得到了其在不同工况下的性能参数,利用测试数据对结果进行了验证。分析了瞬态工况下叶轮出口处压力的变化趋势,比较了不同工况对叶轮出口压力脉动的影响,发现叶轮出口压力随叶轮旋转呈周期性变化,压力脉动频率与转速及叶轮数量有关;偏工况时叶轮出口压力脉动趋势与额定工况基本一致,但脉动频率及脉动幅值有较大区别;随离心泵转速增加,叶轮出口处压力脉动的最大值和最小值均呈减小趋势,但幅值随转速增加而增加,且增幅明显。     

Robustness estimation of software-synchronized all-optical sampling for fiber communication systems

The robustness of the software-synchronized all-optical sampling for optical performance monitoring is estimated for 10-Gb/s fiber communication systems. It reveals that the software-synchronized algorithm is sensitive to the signal degradation caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers. The influence of timing jitter and amplitude fluctuation of the sampling pulses is also investigated. It is found that stringent requirements are imposed on the quality of the sampling pulse and the tolerance of 1-dB Q penalty is measured. Considering the practically available optical sampling pulse sources, the results indicate that the amplitude fluctuation of the sampling pulses has the dominant impacts on the software-synchronized method.     

Cavitation onset caused by a dynamic pressure wave in liquid pipelines

When liquids flow in the pipelines, the onset of cavitation can be characterized by a variant of the Euler number known as the cavitation number (CN), which is based on the velocity and denoted by C in this paper. Conventionally, cavitation is considered to be induced when C ~ 1. However, experimental observations and several pipe bursts indicate that the CN may incorrectly predict the onset of cavitation. For example, when leakage occurs in the pipeline or a valve in the pipeline is opened, the resultant pressure loss generates a dynamic pressure wave with a small amplitude, which may lead to bubble formation, even though C ~ 1 is not satisfied. Hence, this paper proposes another CN based on the amplitude of the generated dynamic pressure wave, rather than the velocity, for ascertaining the onset of cavitation. The validity of the proposed CN was verified through experiments and a case study. The results indicated that the proposed CN can be effectively used for cavitation prediction induced by pressure fluctuations and for investigating phenomena such as pressure fluctuation, leakage, and corrosion in liquid pipelines, tanks, and pressure vessels, as well as the safety design of liquefied natural gas tanks and tankers.     

用静电探针反馈控制KT—5C托卡马克边缘湍流

在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上，利用两组边缘静电探针分析作为控制探针和探测探针进行了反馈控制边缘湍流的实验，在适当的回路增益下的，当系统相移为９０°时，反馈使湍动幅度明显地抑制，电子密度和电子温度扰劝均降低了约２５％，横向粒子输运通量也相应地降低了２５％，而相移为０°，１８０°和－９０°的反馈却使湍动幅度增强，这显示反馈是基于一种非线性机制而作用于湍动的，在一定意义上，这正体现了湍流本身的非线性特征。     

Edge Particle Flux with Temperature Fluctuation in the HL-2A Tokamak

Electron temperature, density, plasma potential and their fluctuation profiles at edge plasmas are measured simultaneously with a reciprocating probe system in HL-2A. The analysis results of four-tip data indicate that the temperature fluctuation has relative amplitude of 10-15%, gives more contribution to particle flux in lower （0- 25 kHz） and higher frequency （50-250 kHz） ranges. The coherence between temperature fluctuations and density or potential fluctuations implies that their coupling will impact anomalous transport. The measured diffusion coefficient is about three times of the Bohm diffusion coefficient when considering the temperature fluctuation. The particle flux with temperature fluctuation is discussed in HL-2A for the first time.     

金属烧结丝网在内场消声中的应用

利用试验手段研究暂冲式风洞稳定段内安装不同规格烧结金属丝网对风洞上游控制阀后气流噪声和湍流度抑制作用。试验结果表明:多层金属烧结丝网可在全频段内大幅度降低上游气流的噪声,最大可达21 dB;消声量与金属烧结丝网无量纲的压力损失系数成正比,压力降与金属烧结丝网层数呈现出非线性叠加的结果。另外发现烧结金属烧结丝网对气流速度脉动亦具有突出的抑制效果。例如,试验段马赫数Ma=1:5时,120目26层+160目26层组合烧结金属丝网出口气流速压脉动幅值减小为入口来流的18%,湍流度由11.7%降至3%。因此金属烧结丝网适合于暂冲式风洞的内场降噪。     

Flow characteristics of the large scale wave-like structure of a supersonic round jet

A model is developed for the large scale coherent structure of subsonic and supersonic axisymmetric jets. A fluctuation in the jet flow is regarded as being separable into a time-averaged component, a periodic wave-like component and a random small scale component. The small scale fluctuation is viewed as both the driving and dissipative mechanism for the wave-like component. An energy balance model is developed which examines thinterchange of energy between the mean flow and the large scale motion. The effect of wave-like fluctuation amplitude on its own and the mean flow development is examined. Calculations of contours of equal pressure level in the jet near field are made. A model for the mechanism by which locally subsonic components of the wave-like structure may radiate noise to the far field is examined. The method for calculating the radiated noise is discussed.     

浅海近程混响的振荡现象*

研究浅海近程混响特性对于评估和提高主动声纳性能具有重要意义。多次浅海混响实验显示,近程混响强度存在稳定的振荡现象,脉宽基本对振荡的幅度和周期没有影响。为解释这一现象,本文基于射线理论和小斜率近似给出了浅海近程混响模型,仿真与实测数据结果基本吻合。数值仿真结果表明：海底反射声场对单站声纳接收到回声信号的贡献远小于海底近垂向大掠射角散射声场的作用;混响强度振荡现象是海底近程散射声场的多途现象造成的,并由此给出了振荡周期与海深及收发深度的关系。