高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法测定乳品中左旋肉碱含量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法测定乳品中左旋肉碱含量的方法。样品经0.1 mol/L HCl溶解,采用乙腈溶液沉淀蛋白,以HILIC色谱柱分离待测物,采用鞘流电喷雾离子化,正离子多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。在3个加标水平下,左旋肉碱的平均加标回收率为85.2%~102.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为7.6%~14.3%,方法检出限(LOD)为50μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为200μg/kg。运用该方法对20个乳品样品中的左旋肉碱含量进行测定,检出含量为68~165 mg/kg,与样品标签的符合率达95%。该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于乳品中左旋肉碱含量的测定。     

固相萃取–气相色谱–串联质谱法测定茶叶中9种农药残留量

建立固相萃取净化–气相色谱–串联质谱法同时测定茶叶中9种农药残留量的方法。茶叶样品用乙腈均质提取,提取液经固相萃取净化处理后,采用DB–5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,在多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。9种农药组分的质量浓度在0.01~0.50 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,相关系数r~2大于0.998,方法测定下限(10 S/N)为0.002~0.01 mg/kg。以空白绿茶、红茶、普洱茶和乌龙茶为基体,在0.05,0.1,0.2 mg/kg 3个添加水平进行加标回收试验,加标回收率在73.6%~99.7%之间,相对标准偏差为4.2%~8.7%(n=6)。该法操作简便、快速,适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的测定。     

GPC–HPLC–MS/MS法测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量

以动植物油脂为实验材料,建立了测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量的凝胶渗透色谱–高效液相色谱–串联质谱(GPC–HPLC–MS/MS)法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC–ESI–MS/MS)分析,多反应监测模式(MRM)下外标法定量。在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性良好,天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素的相关系数分别为0.999 6,0.999 8,0.999 8,检出限为0.5μg/kg。在5μg/kg添加水平下,空白加标回收率为71.5%~82.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~8.3%(n=6)。该方法样品处理过程简便快捷,测定结果准确,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定食品纸包装材料中的多氯联苯

建立利用加速溶剂萃取仪前处理来测定食品纸包装材料中的多氯联苯含量的气相色谱法。针对纸包装材料的特点优化加速溶剂萃取仪的萃取溶剂、萃取时间和萃取温度,达成避免乙腈的使用、提升实验效率、节约实验成本的目标。使用GC-ECD对浓缩后的萃取液进行检测,内标法定量。该方法检出限为0.002mg/kg,定量限为0.007mg/kg。在待测食品纸包装材料中加标0.020mg/L后进行6次平行实验,得到的方法加标回收率为97.2%~99.4%、加标样品精密度RSD为0.38%~1.36%。方法简便实用,灵敏度和重现性好,能够满足食品纸包装材料中多氯联苯含量的检测需求。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定调制乳粉中左旋肉碱的含量

建立了柱前衍生-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定乳制品中左旋肉碱含量的方法。试样经0.1 mol/L盐酸超声提取后,采用阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化,在三乙胺和氯甲酸丁酯的催化下与L-丙酰胺-β-萘胺发生取代反应,使用配有二极管阵列检测器(DAD)的高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量。该方法在0.250~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性方程为y=164.4x-11.3,相关系数为0.9998,加标回收率为84.3%~86.0%,相对标准偏差为1.93%~3.18%。该方法的检出限为10 mg/kg,定量限为25 mg/kg。运用该方法对国内20个实际乳粉样品中的左旋肉碱含量进行测定,20个样品中均检出了左旋肉碱,含量为53~163 mg/kg。该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于乳品中左旋肉碱含量的检测。     

共沉淀法辅助分离-离子色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定玩具材料中三价铬及超痕量六价铬

采用0.07 mol/L盐酸萃取样品,取一部分萃取液用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定可迁移总铬含量,另一部分萃取液通过Al(NO3)3共沉淀法去除高含量干扰阳离子后用离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法(IC-ICP-MS)测定六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))含量,用可迁移总铬量减去Cr(Ⅵ)含量求得Cr(Ⅲ)含量,可迁移总铭及Cr(Ⅵ)的方法定量下限分别达0.01 mg/kg和0.003 mg/kg。选取2009/48/EC玩具新指令涉及的玩具材料进行加标及阳性样品验证,可迁移总铭及Cr(Ⅵ)的加标回收率分别为90.2%~101.5%和96.7%~106.7%,实验室间相对标准偏差分别不高于7.4%和7.9%。方法准确可靠,可实现玩具新指令所涉及的3类玩具材料中Cr(Ⅲ)及Cr(Ⅵ)的检测。     

自动电位滴定法测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量

采用自动电位滴定法,用硝酸银标准溶液作为滴定剂,测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量。方法检出限为0.13mg/L,不同含量氯化钠样品加标回收率为99.7%~100.3%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.17%~2.0%,方法简单、快速,精密度和准确度高,适合大批量快速分析样品。     

GC-MS法快速测定铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂

建立了快速测定铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂的气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)。样品以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,在30℃温度下,超声提取30 min后,萃取液用100 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取净化,以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定,外标法定量。18种光引发剂在0.2~4.0 mg/L(或0.1~4.0 mg/L)范围内线性良好,相关系数R²均大于0.997,方法检出限(LODs)为0.4~1.0 mg/kg,定量限(LQDs)为1.0~2.0 mg/kg。3个加标水平(2.0或4.0、10.0和40.0 mg/kg)的回收率在75.2%~115.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.0%~9.3%(n=6)。该方法可用于铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂含量的高通量检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纸质食品接触材料中11种荧光增白剂

建立了同时测定纸和纸板食品接触材料中11种荧光增白剂的高效液相色谱–荧光检测法。将粉碎好的纸质样品用40%乙腈水溶液超声提取,脱脂、浓缩后用高效液相色进行定性定量分析。在测定条件下,样品干扰低,11种荧光增白剂分离度大于1.0,在各自线性范围内,相关系数均大于0.999 9,11种荧光增白剂的检出限为0.12~0.24mg/kg,定量限为0.40~0.80 mg/kg,加标回收率为90.1%~99.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.3%~2.8%(n=6)。该法样品处理简便、快速,方法灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于纸质食品接触材料中荧光增白剂的检测。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定水产品中的盐酸氯苯胍及其代谢产物

建立了水产品肌肉组织中盐酸氯苯胍及其代谢物4-氯苯甲酰胺基乙酸、4-氯苯甲酸和4-氯苯甲醛同时测定的超高效液相色谱双波长分析法。样品经乙酸乙酯(含1%甲酸)提取,无水硫酸钠除水,正己烷除脂后在ACQUIT UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱上分离,250 nm和313 nm双波长测定。盐酸氯苯胍及其3种代谢产物在0.05~5.0 mg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均≥0.9982。在空白黄颡鱼、中华鳖、罗非鱼和团头鲂组织中进行0.10,0.50,1.0 mg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验,4种待测物平均回收率为61.7%~104.6%,相对标准偏差为0.97%~9.8%。盐酸氯苯胍、4-氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸和4-氯苯甲酸的检出限(LOD)均为0.025 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg,4-氯苯甲醛的检出限(LOD)为0.05 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.10 mg/kg。应用该方法研究了盐酸氯苯胍在团头鲂体内组织分布和消除规律。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。