不同防老剂对天然橡胶复合材料P-V-T关系的影响

采用PVT膨胀仪测试了添加不同防老剂的天然橡胶(NR)复合材料的压力-体积-温度(P-V-T)属性,通过最小二乘法拟合得到Tait方程参数,预测了体系的热膨胀系数(α)和等温压缩系数(β),结果表明,Tait状态方程可用来预测该复合材料体系的P-V-T行为,NR复合材料的α值随着压力的增大而减小,随温度变化不明显;β值随压力的增大而减小,且随着温度的升高而升高.分子模拟结果观察了体系凝聚态结构在不同温度下的变化,表明其变化原因是升温使体系自由体积增大,分子链的活动性增强,同时观察到单独加入防老剂4010NA或防老剂RD的体系α和β的值较大,说明其尺寸稳定性差,而当同时加入4010NA和RD进行防老剂并用时,体系的α和β值均较小,表明此复合材料体系不容易产生变形;通过分子动力学模拟手段计算了NR复合材料的内聚能密度(CED)随温度的变化规律,对于2种防老剂并用的体系,其CED比较大,说明分子间相互作用力较强,从而体系尺寸稳定性好,受温度和压力的影响小.     

PP/POE共混物的P-V-T属性及压力对结晶温度的影响

采用PVT膨胀仪研究了PP/POE共混物的P-V-T属性, 利用Tait方程预测其比容和热膨胀系数(α), 研究了压力对结晶温度(Tc)的影响. 结果表明, Tait状态方程可用来预测部分相容的、半结晶PP/POE共混物的PVT行为. PP结晶前后的比容变化比POE的大得多, 随着POE含量的增加, PP/POE共混物结晶前后比容的变化均逐渐减小. PP在熔融状态下的α比固体状态的大, 而POE正好相反. PP/POE共混物的α随温度和压力的变化与其组成密切相关. 随着压力的增高, PP, POE及其PP/POE共混物的结晶温度均呈线性增高的趋势.     

高密度燃料HDF-1与橡胶的相容性研究

报道了在室温和70 ℃下橡胶材料G402氟硅胶、丁腈胶5171、丁腈胶4170、贮囊橡胶用合成的高密度燃料HDF-1浸泡后性能如伸长率、邵尔硬度、重量、面积体积的变化，并与采用3号喷气燃料（RP-3）实验结果进行对照。用红外光谱测定了燃料浸泡前后橡胶组成的变化。实验结果表明，G402氟硅胶和贮囊对于HDF-1和RP-3有相近的相容性，丁腈胶5171对HDF-1的相容性比对RP-3的相容性稍差，丁腈胶4170对HDF-1的相容性比对RP-3的相容性更差的结果。因此，丁腈胶5171和丁腈胶4170不能用于HDF-1储存和输送，原使用RP-3系统的橡胶密封件不能直接使用HDF-1。     

薄膜用聚丙烯树脂熔融态PVT行为的研究

利用PVT 10 0分析仪对 5种不同牌号的双向拉伸用聚丙烯 (BOPP)树脂的压力 体积 温度 (PVT)特性进行了测定 ,并利用Tait方程法得出BOPP熔体的热膨胀系数 (α)随温度和等温压缩系数 (β)随压力的变化关系 .研究结果表明 ,在相同条件下 ,牌号为S2 8C的BOPP熔体的热膨胀系数、等温压缩系数和结晶熔融温度分别低于其它牌号 ,因此 ,我们推断S2 8C在冷片形成过程中的体积形变较小 ,可避免由于收缩产生的模片表面缺陷 ,进而减少在后续双向拉伸过程中的破膜现象     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精的微波辅助合成及结构表征

以1,4丁磺内酯、β-环糊精为原料,采用微波辐射加热及分步加碱的方法,探究了合成不同取代度磺丁基醚-β-环糊精的新工艺,并考察了初始加碱量对产物取代度的影响。合成工艺条件是:β-环糊精与1,4丁磺内酯的摩尔比分别为1∶1.1、1∶4、1∶8,反应温度为85℃,微波输出功率为400W,反应时间2~3h。该条件下所得产品的平均取代度分别为1.12、3.96、6.83,收率分别为86.3%、85.6%、85.1%。采用红外、核磁氢谱、质谱和毛细管电泳技术对合成的产品进行结构表征及取代度计算。结果表明,该新工艺合成了特定取代度的磺丁基醚-β-环糊精,而且与传统合成工艺相比,具有反应时间短、用碱量少、反应条件温和等优点。     

α-和β-四烷氧取代酞菁的合成及性能研究

利用3-烷氧取代邻苯二腈和4-烷氧取代邻苯二腈与相应的金属盐反应制备了两大系列(α-和β-)四烷氧取代酞菁.讨论了温度对中间体烷氧取代邻苯二腈合成的影响,探讨了酞菁的两种环合方法,并对β-烷氧酞菁的环合历程进行了初步的考察.研究了不同取代位置和酞菁的最大吸收波长之间的关系,结果表明, α-取代烷氧取代酞菁导致λmax红移值较大,而相应β位取代情况下红移值较小,说明给电子基团在α位对酞菁骨架的π共轭结构微扰作用比β位大.同时研究了溶解度及热失重与酞菁结构的关系.     

N-丁基-4-[乙基-(3-甲基苯基)氨基]丁酰胺的合成

以γ-丁内酯为起始原料,经开环氯化和酰化反应制得N-丁基-4-氯丁酰胺(2);2与N-乙基间甲苯胺经N-烷基化反应合成了N-丁基-4-[乙基-(3-甲基苯基)氨基]丁酰胺,总收率74.6%,纯度97.6%,其结构经1H NMR和MS(ESI)确证。     

α-生育酚中性自由基的EPR考察

众所周知,维生素E又称生育酚,它有α-、β-、γ-和δ-四种构型,其中最重要的是α-生育酚(简记为α-TH).近年来,对α-TH的研究十分活跃,应用电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术进行研究的报导正日益受到重视.在本研究中我们采用EPR技术对α-TH在引发剂二叔丁基过氧化物(Di-tert-butyl peroxide,DBPO)或偶氮二异庚腈(2,2-azo-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile,ADVN)中和在γ-氧化铝(γ-Al_2O_3)或硅酸铝(SiO_2/Al_2O_3)表面上,其酚羟基中的氢被夺去后生     

3GPa下高聚物固体的等温压缩行为

十种聚合物固体的等温压缩实验证明Tait方程和Murnaghan方程在0—3GPa范围内能够精确地描述非晶、半晶和结晶聚合物的P-V关系;Tait参数C_T=0.0894,Mumaghan参数C_M=0.1016为普适值。这两个方程的线性式用起来颇方便;当有压致松弛时可进行分段处理,能获得有关结构松弛的信息。对Bridgman多项式的适用性也进行了讨论。并计算了Gr(?)neisen参数。     

环氧化合物以三异丁基铝-水-双(2,4-戊二酮基)锌水合物为催化剂的共聚

本文以i-Bu_3Al-H_2O-Zn(acac)_2为催化剂,对环氧氯丙烷、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的三元共聚进行了研究。结果表明,这种三元共聚橡胶具有良好的性能,其耐寒性可与丁腈-18相媲美,耐油性比丁腈-18为佳,而耐臭氧老化性是丁腈橡胶所不能比拟的。     

Damping performance of Eucommia ulmoides gum

Eucommia ulmoides gum(EU gum),known as gutta percha in Southeast Asia,is a natural polymer with double characteristics of rubber and plastic.In present paper,tanδ-T curve and hysteresis loss(HL) were chosen to characterize its damping property.The results indicated that its tanδvalue would increase with rising of temperature when T>0℃and form another damping peak at 40-80℃besides T_g peak.This phenomenon resulted from meltage of crystals of EU gum could increase its damping property at ambient-high temperature.Its tanδvalue even exceeded those of conventional damping rubbers,such as nitrile-butadiene rubber(NBR) and chlorinated isobutene-isoprene rubber(CIIR).     

One-step Synthesis of End-Functionalized Hydrogenated Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber by Combining the Functional Metathesis with Hydrogenation

End-functionalized hydrogenated polymers obtained from nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) yield new materials with suitable properties for a number of applications as sealing material and adhesives. We investigated the one-step synthesis of ester end-functionalized hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (EF-HNBR) by combining the functional metathesis with the hydrogenation of NBR in the presence of the 2^nd generation Grubbs catalyst and a functionalized olefin as a chain transfer agent (CTA). We established the operating conditions for the effective production of saturated functional polymers with a high degree of hydrogenation, high chemo-selectivity and moderate molecular weight. The structures of the products were confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, rubber molecular weight, and distribution determined by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC); their thermal properties were determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and different scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Preparation of high damping elastomer with broad temperature and frequency ranges based on ternary rubber blends

Based on the blends of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR), a kind of high damping elastomer with broad temperature and frequency ranges is prepared. CIIR/NBR binary blend is prepared to take advantage of the immiscibility and the large difference in cross‐link density of the different phases caused by the curatives and accelerators migration. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the binary blend was immiscible and its loss factor (tanδ) versus temperature curves show two separated and expanded loss peaks when compared with those of pure cured CIIR and NBR. In order to improve its damping properties at room temperature, the third component CR with the polarity between CIIR and NBR was blended into the binary blend. The resulted CIIR/NBR/CR ternary blend has gained effective damping properties (tanδ > 0.3) in the temperature range of ?86.4 to 74.6°C and the frequency range of 10^?2 to more than 10⁹ Hz. Other effects on the damping properties of the ternary rubber were also studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal stability of acrylonitrile/chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blend

The properties of chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber, acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) and their blend (50/50 w/w) were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies supported that CSM/NBR rubber blend is self curable, when cross-linking takes place between acrylonitrile groups of NBR and –SO₂Cl groups or in situ generated allyl chloride moieties of CSM. The thermal stability of vulcanizates was analyzed in nitrogen by thermogravimetry. It was found that the initial degradation temperature of elastomer based on CSM rubber is lower than of pure NBR rubber. By adding NBR to CSM rubbers, the degradation temperature of crosslinked material increased, indicating higher thermal stability. The activation energy for the degradation are determined using the Arrhenius equation The activation energies for the rubber blends are higher than for elastomers based on pure rubbers. It was found that the mass loss of the blends at any temperature was between those of the pure rubbers. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the glass transition temperature determination. It is estimated thermodynamic immiscibility of NBR/CSM blend based on noticed two different glass transition temperatures, corresponding to CSM and NBR rubbers.     

PPC／NBR弹性体的结构与性能

本文研究了聚丙撑碳酸酯(PPC)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)弹性体结构形态、动态力学性能、力学性能、耐油、耐热氧老化及耐化学介质稳定性。发现PPC/NBR弹性体呈现IPN结构特征,加入PPC使NBR拉伸强度、扯断伸长率大幅度提高。PPC/NBR弹陸体具有优良的耐油及耐热氧老化稳定性。     

NBR/ORGANOMODIFIED BENTONITE INTERCALATED HYBRIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TOUGHNESS OF PVC

Hybrids of intercalative nitrile-butadiene rubber/organomodified bentonite (NBR/OMB) were prepared by thelatex intercalation technique. Investigation of their mechanical properties and the microstructore of NBR/OMB showed thatthe organomodified bentonite is an effective toughener for NBR. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-rnydiffraction (XRD) tests showed that the NBR macromolecule could be intercalated into the galleries of bentonite.Incorporation of NBR/OMB hybrids as tougheners into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) results in a substantial increase in theimpact strength of PVC, but little decrease in its tensile strength and flexural strength, compared to the unmodified PVC.     

The morphology of zinc dimethacrylate reinforced elastomers investigated by SEM and TEM

The morphologies of various ZDMA-reinforced elastomers, including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM), poly(α-octylene-co-ethylene) elastomer (POE) and hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR), were studied by using SEM and TEM. The observation on the compounds showed that during the compounding process, the dimension of ZDMA particles reduced, and could even form dispersion structures with nanometer size (<100 nm). It is shear stress of compounds during mixing rather than polarity of matrix rubber that plays the most important role to determine dispersion state of ZDMA in compounds. High shear stress facilitates dispersion of ZDMA. Only in elastomers having the lower shear stress such as POE and EPM, original dimension features of ZDMA particles make considerable effects on dispersion level of ZDMA in compounds. The observation on cured composites displayed that there are two kinds of micro-dispersed structures: micron dispersion—residual ZDMA particles and nano-dispersion—the aggregate of poly-ZDMA. The higher saturation and polarity of rubbers and the better dispersion level of ZDMA in compounds benefit in situ polymerization of ZDMA, resulting in the lower amount of residual ZDMA particles (micron dispersion). In the elastomer with higher saturation such as POE, EPM, EPDM and HNBR, the dimensions of nano-dispersions are slightly larger. For the ZDMA/POE, formula effect on morphology of the composite was also discussed. It was found that the loading of ZDMA and peroxide impact remarkably on the amount and dimension of nano-particles in the composite.     

Modification of Rubber by Cardanol-Formaldehyde Resins and Epoxidized Cardanol

Abstract

Cardanol-formaldehyde resin (CF) and cardanol glycidylether (CGE) have been synthesized for reinforcing natural rubber (NR), a blend of NR and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The novolac CF resin reinforced the NR, SBR, and NBR. The resolic CF is not only a reinforcing agent but also a hardener (crosslinking agent) for NBR by means of the methylol groups of CF with the CN- group of NBR. The CGE resin was synthesized by the epoxidation of cardanol by epichlorohydrin; it could be used as a reinforcing agent for NR and for crosslinking maleinized NR. The results of estimates of the physical properties of the vulcanisate, their DSC diagrams, and SEM showed the enhanced properties of the final products.