计算多层膜组份和厚度的软件FPMULTI及其应用

本文简述了可用于多层镀层和多层薄膜成分和厚度同时分析的计算机软件ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的主要特点。这个基于基本参数法的计算机软件可以分析多至１０层,最多含２５个元素的各类试样。所需的校正标样可以是纯元素或多元素的薄膜标样,亦可以是纯元素或多元素的块样。本文的研究表明,用ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的分析结果明显优于检量法线,体现了基本参数法的优点．     

用NBSGSC计算机程序和单标样的理论α系数法分析结果

引言过去30年,人们在X射线荧光分析中试用了各种校正元素间影响的计算方法。其中所谓的“经验系数法”需要相当数量的优质标样。而所谓的“基本参数法”原则上仅需纯元素标样或单只多元标样。纯元素标样有时难以得到,而且受到所用物理常数和参数(包括质量吸收系数,荧光产额,吸收边跃迁比,原级光谱和几何因子等)不准确性的严重影响,在多数情况下结果甚差。除非手头没有多元标样,一般在基本参数法中不宜使用。而单只多元标样则可消除或减小理论的不完善性以及基本参数的不准确性,因而在基本参数法中更为可取。     

用NBSGSC计算机程序和单标样的理论a系数法分析结果

经验系数法根据所用的经验校正方程类型和所希望分析的组分范围,一般需要相当多的优质多元标样。与此相比基本参数法则原则上仅需纯元素标样或单只多元标样。因为在有些情况下难于获得纯元素标样,加之若用单只多元标样可以消除或减少理论公式的不完善性从及基本参数的不准确性,因此使用单只多元标样更可取     

用X射线荧光光谱法非破坏测定多元合金薄膜的组分和厚度

本文用X射线荧光光谱法,不破坏样品,测定三元合金薄膜的组份。此法无需制备任何相似的固体标样或纯元素的块状标样,而是利用含已知组份的滤纸片作为标样。滤纸片标样制作简便、快速,并且能长期稳定。由薄膜中元素所发出的特征X射线强度与其面密度之间的一组联立方程解出薄膜成份,利用衬底中元素的特征X射线强度随膜厚增大而衰减的定量关系确定膜厚。利用本文的方法可以同时测定薄膜的成分和厚度。 关键词：     

钇,钡,铜超导薄膜的非破坏测定

本文配合阶段性薄膜制备工艺,用有限厚度范围内的转换因子法及模拟薄膜标样的基本参数法,X-射线荧光光谱非破坏测定钇、钡、铜超导薄膜。经我们实验,它们与破坏法ICP相比,A_((Ba/Y))克原子比的平均绝对偏差分别为0.15与0.065,A_((Cu/Y))克原子比的平均绝对偏差分别为0.14与0.088,模拟薄膜标样的基本参数法优于转换因子法。作者还对薄膜试样非破坏测定中的标样选用进行了探讨。     

X射线荧光光谱法表征薄膜进展

X射线荧光光谱法表征薄膜样品以其能同时测定样品的组分和厚度等优点,目前在国内外的研究和应用越来越广泛和深入。文章通过从荧光强度理论计算、基体效应和校正方法、分析误差来源及消除、定量分析软件和实际分析应用等几个方面对X射线荧光光谱法表征薄膜样品的研究作了评述。鉴于薄膜样品制备相似标样比较困难,而基本参数法采用非相似标样表征薄膜的准确度较高,因此基本参数法校正薄膜样品的应用比较广泛。重点介绍了基本参数法的荧光强度理论计算公式的发展、计算误差来源以及分析软件应用。展望了X射线荧光光谱法表征薄膜样品的应用前景和发展方向。     

X射线荧光分析中谢尔曼方程逆问题的求解（理论影响系数法 …

本文首先在理论分析基础上,建立多元素样品的重量分数Ｃｉ、Ｘ射线荧光相对强度Ｒｉ与基体效应因子Ｆｉ的代数关系。然后,按照此关系导出两种求解谢尔曼方程逆问题的方法,即理论影响系数法和基本参数法。并用这两种方法分析了６个耐热钢标样,主量、常量元素的平均相对分析误差〈０．５％,对低含量轻元素Ｓｉ、Ｐ、Ｓ的分析也取得良好的结果。     

X射线荧光分析中基本参数法和经验系数法的联合运用——NRLXRF/FULL OPTION和ROUSSEAU程序的剖析

1.引言基本参数法和经验系数法(或影响系数法、α系数法等)是X射线荧光分析中数学校正法的两大分支。但在实践中它们都不是完美无缺的。“纯”基本参数法涉及到一系列物理参数和分析系统中其它一些因素的不确定性的影响。从经验途径求出的α系数通常也只适用于某一有限的组分变化范围,即α系数本身也是样品组成的函数。而且用多标样回归算出的α系数对测量误差极为敏感,当缺乏足够的标样时这种方法就有很大的局限性。     

多元合金的无标样能量色散X射线荧光分析

本文在能量色散X射线荧光分析系统的效率刻度及散射修正的基础上,用基本参数法对多元合金进行无标样X射线荧光分沂。分析结果表明,对于主成分元素,分析误差约为2%,对于次成分元素,误差低于10%。     

X射线荧光光谱理论α系数法测定古青铜钱币中的铅铜锡

本将Ｌａｃｈａｎｃｅ－ｔｒａｉｌｌ（Ｌ－Ｔ）方程理论α系数法应用于古青铜钱币中的Ｐｂ,Ｃｕ,Ｓｎ分析,并与基本参数法和标样法的结果进行了比较。由于本法和模拟标样法都是从基本参数法演变来的,使用的标样是一样的,三种方法计算结果数据比较接近。本法计算速度快,效率高,但对标样的依赖性较大。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

国外超导材料技术研究政策和方向

超导材料技术是21世纪具有战略意义的高新技术,极具发展潜力和市场前景。世界各发达国家纷纷制定研发计划,给予高度重视和大力支持,加快超导材料技术的基础研究和产业化发展。主要从美国、日本、欧洲国家、韩国等国家的相关研发计划、政策以及主要科研机构的研发概况出发,阐明目前国外超导材料技术的研究政策和方向。     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.