低镍催化剂上CO和CO_2加氢反应的对比研究

采用ＣＯ和ＣＯ＿２对比加氢活性测试，ＸＲＤ及ＴＰＲ方法研究了两个不同Ｎａ助剂含量的低镍Ｎｉ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３体系的性能。实验发现，在低镍催化剂上ＣＯ＿２在较低温度下就可加氢生成甲烷，而ＣＯ则需要更高的温度，ＣＯ＿２无需先经逆变换生成ＣＯ，然后再加氢，它可直接加氢生成ＣＨ＿４。在同一催化剂上，ＣＯ＿２加氢生成ＣＨ＿４的表现活化能要低于ＣＯ加氢生成ＣＨ＿４反应的表现活化能。晶相ＮｉＯ还原后形成的活性相对ＣＯ＿２加氢反应的活性明显高于它对ＣＯ的加氢活性，非晶相镍氧化物还原后形成的活性相对ＣＯ的加氢反应特别有利。Ｎａ助剂的含量不同会造成Ｎｉ氧化物物种的分配不同，从而导致ＣＯ、ＣＯ＿２的加氢活性及其随温度的变化也不相同，催化剂对ＣＯ、ＣＯ＿２加氢反应作用的本质是不相同的。     

超细CuO／ZnO／SiO2催化上CO2和CO加氢反应对比—CO2加氢反应机理

在超细ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂体系上，对比研究了ＣＯ２和ＣＯ加氢性能，并就ＣＯ２加氢的反应机理进行了探讨。考察了接触时间和反应压力对ＣＯ２加氢的主要产物甲醇和ＣＯ分布的影响。     

锰基催化剂上CO2加氢反应性能的研究

研究了Ｍｎ基催化上ＣＯ２的加氢反应性能，结果表明：ＣＯ２活化吸附量的增加有利于ＣＯ２转化率的提高。Ｍｎ具有较好的ＣＯ２加氢生成ＣＯ的催化活性，ＣｕＯ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的ＺｎＯ的加入使催化剂活性得到进一步的提高；ＮｉＯ的加入增加了催化剂的Ｈ２活化吸附量，从而使催化剂对ＣＨ４的选择性得到提高，同时使ＣＯ２的转化率与Ｎｉ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相比略有下降。     

Fe—Silicalite—2催化剂表面CO2加氢反应性能的研究

研究了Ｆｅ／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２催化剂ＣＯ２加氢低碳烯烃反应性能，利用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ，ＣＯ２／Ｈ２－ＴＰＳＲ和ＣＯ／Ｈ２－ＴＰＳＲ表征手段，考察了铁含量及ＭｎＯ助剂对Ｆｅ／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２催化剂ＣＯ２吸附脱附及加氢反应性能的影响，表明随铁含量增加可提高催化剂对ＣＯ２的吸附能力，有利于提高ＣＯ２加氢反应的转化率。     

RhCo双金属催化剂的研究Ⅵ.Rh_2Co_2/Al_2O_3上表面羰基氢化物及其动态行为

利用连续流动微反研究了Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的ＣＯ加氢反应．该反应在２００℃以上发生，反应活性随着温度的升高和Ｈ２／ＣＯ比的增大而增大．利用ＴＰＩＲ动态方法研究了Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ和Ｈ２的共吸附及其动态行为．结果表明，在Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｒｈ上的孪生和桥式中心及Ｃｏ上的线式中心上，ＣＯ和Ｈ２室温共吸附时即有部分孪生、桥式ＣＯ及Ｃｏ上的线式ＣＯ转化为相应的羰基氢化物．随着温度的升高，剩余的孪生、桥式ＣＯ及Ｃｏ上的线式ＣＯ向羰基氢化物转化，而羰基氢化物又向多氢羰基氢化物转化．在ＣＯ加氢反应温度下，Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的三种吸附中心上只存在多氢羰基氢化物．与ＣＯ加氢反应和ＣＯ歧化的吸附态动态研究结果相关联，可以认为在Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ加氢生成ＣＨ４经由了羰基氢化物多氢羰基氢化物途径．     

CO_2在Fe-Zn-M/HY复合催化剂上加氢合成异丁烷的研究(英文)

对ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ,Ａｌ,Ｇａ和Ｃｒ）／ＨＹ复合催化剂上的加氢反应进行了研究。通过对复合催化剂的配比、反应温度以及气体空速的考察,确定了由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷的最佳反应条件。在对反应机理研究后发现,ＣＯ_２在复合催化剂上的加氢反应是一个混合了甲醇合成和甲醇制汽油（ＭＴＧ）的反应过程,而不是传统的ＦＴ反应过程。实验结果指出,反应中生成的烯烃是产生异丁烷的重要中间产物。在所有的催化剂上,异丁烷的组成在烃类中是最高的。在Ｈ２／ＣＯ２＝３,５ Ｍｐａ, ３０００ｈ~（－１）及３６０℃的反应条件下, ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｚｒ／ＨＹ复合催化剂上进行加氢反应时,异丁烷在烃类中的选择性高达３８％,异丁烷的时空产率可达３．０ Ｃ－ｍｏｌ％,这是迄今为止我们所知由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷所得的最好结果。     

预处理条件对用于CO2加氢的超细CuO—ZnO—SiO2催化剂性能的影响

采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＰＲ手段，研究了焙烧还原温度对超细ＣｕＯ－ＺｎＯ－ＳｉＯ２催化剂的性质及其ＣＯ２加氢反应催化活性的影响，胶体在５７３－７７３Ｋ范围内焙烧生成ＣｕＯ、ＣＵ２Ｏ、ＺｎＯ晶相，随着焙烧温度继续升高，ＣｕＯ和ＺｎＯ晶粒逐渐变大，但催化剂的比表面积和孔容变化不不，在９７３Ｋ焙烧后出现Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４晶相，使催化剂比表积和孔容积变小，导致催化剂活性降低，焙地催化剂活性的影响在于对ＣＯ２加氢     

Ni－Cu和MgO－SiO_2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

本文用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＳＲ等技术研究了以表面改性法制备的ＭｇＯ－ＳｉＯ２（ＭＳＯ）表面复合物担载的Ｎｉ－ＣＵ合金间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应催化性能的影响．结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＭＳＯ间的相互作用导致部分ＭＯ与ＭＳＯ形成表面物种从而使金属组分氧化物还原温度明显升高；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＭＳＯ表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ与载体相中的Ｍｇ２＋（或Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）；在两类活性中心的协同作用下，ＣＯ吸附除有孪生、线式和桥式吸附态物种外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态（Ｎｉ．．．Ｃ＝Ｏ→Ｍｇ２＋）．这种吸附态的活化程度较高，易在表面上发生裂解形成Ｎｉ－Ｃ和Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ，其中Ｎｉ－Ｃ是加氢反应的碳源；Ｈ２在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附形成Ｎｉ－Ｈ和Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ，前者比较活泼，是加氢反应的氢原．ＣＯ加氢生成烃类的反应在Ｎｉ中心上按＂表面碳＂机理进行，其生成ＣＺＨ４的选择性高于８０％；Ｈ２Ｏ的生成反应按２（Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ）－→Ｍｇ２＋＋（Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）＋Ｈ２Ｏ方式进行．     

不同Cu-Ni比对二氧化碳加氢反应的影响

Ｃｕ基和Ｎｉ基触媒都是优良的加氢催化剂，广泛地用于费托合成和其它加氢工业。以ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇和烃类为背景，在较低温度下对Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ双金属催化剂的性能已有所研究［１，２］。然而，对Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ催化剂在较高温度下的催化性能的研究尚未见报道。本文在文献的基...     

二氧化碳催化氢化──Ni、Cu间的相互作用及不同担体的影响

本文采用ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ、ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ技术研究了金属组分Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ间及不同担体（包括ＳｉＯ＿２、ＴｉＯ＿２、Ｍｇｏ和γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３）和活性组分Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ＿２催化加氢性能的影响。结果表明，这两种相互作用，不同程度地引起催化剂吸附Ｈ＿２和ＣＯ＿２能力的变化，进而影响到ＣＯ＿２加氢的反应性能。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.