GAD室温自交联乳液的合成及其涂膜性能

合成了含有缩水甘油基、羧基和胺基的多层核壳型室温自交联乳液，研究了聚合温度、乳化剂用量和加料速率对所得乳液性能及其涂膜性能的影响。研究表明，聚合温度升高使乳胶膜的交联密度降低，而涂膜耐水性和乳液贮存稳定性在50℃呈现最佳值。在乳化剂含量为2%时，涂膜的交联密度最大且耐水性最佳，而乳液的贮存稳定性能随乳化剂量的增加而增大。加大乳化单体滴加速率，乳液贮存稳定性降低，乳胶膜的交联密度增大。     

阴离子型石蜡乳液的制备与表征

以固体切片石蜡为原料,硬脂酸为单一乳化剂,采用转相乳化(EIP)法制备了阴离子型石蜡乳液。实验结果表明,单一阴离子型乳化剂的乳化效果较好,可以得到平均粒径小(1μm左右)、多分散性低(多分散性指数2左右)的较稳定的石蜡乳液。通过单因素实验考察了乳化剂用量、乳化水用量、乳化时间、乳化温度等对石蜡乳液性能的影响,得出最佳工艺条件∶乳化剂用量7(wt)%、乳化水用量82(wt)%、乳化时间25min、乳化温度80℃。在此条件下,研究了加水方式、p H对石蜡乳液粒径的影响。少量多次的加水方式、p H=9.9制得的乳液平均粒径可达到0.62μm。     

苯丙乳液合成反应条件优化

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等为单体,采用乳液聚合制备了苯丙乳液,研究了合成温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量、功能性单体丙烯酸用量等反应条件对苯丙乳液性能的影响,并探讨了丙烯酸单体对乳液耐酸碱稳定性的影响,确定了合成反应条件.结果表明,随着合成温度的提高,混合单体的转化率迅速增加,78℃时转化率最大(达到97.1%),而后随温度继续提高基本保持不变.混合单体转化率随过硫酸钾引发剂用量的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,当过硫酸钾与混合单体质量比为0.010时转化率最大,此时单体转化完全.此外,随着乳化剂用量增加,乳液的外观、钙离子稳定性、凝胶等性能都有所提高,但吸水率也相应增加.最佳合成反应条件为:合成温度为78℃,混合单体组成为15g苯乙烯、2g丙烯酸、18g丙烯酸丁酯、8g甲基丙烯酸甲酯,引发剂和乳化剂与单体质量比分别为0.010和0.035.得到的苯丙乳液在酸性条件下具有良好的稳定性.     

非离子型水性环氧乳液的制备工艺及性能研究

采用实验室自制的非离子型高分子乳化剂通过相反转法对环氧树脂E-20进行乳化分散来制备水性环氧乳液,对环氧树脂乳化的工艺条件进行了优化研究,并对不同条件的乳液进行了综合性能的分析。具体工艺条件包括:环氧树脂乳液体系中各物料的比例关系,乳化时体系的温度和搅拌速度。结果表明,乳化剂含量为12.5%,助溶剂含量为11.5%,乳化温度为30℃,搅拌速度为300r/min时,乳液的稳定性及漆膜的综合性能(包括漆膜的力学性能和抗腐蚀性能)佳。     

改性丙烯酸乳液合成及性能研究

通过核壳乳液聚合法合成了烷基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯改性的丙烯酸乳液,讨论了聚合温度、乳化剂、磷酸酯的加入方式和用量、pH值等因素对乳液合成以及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明:聚合温度控制在75～80℃之间较为合适,使用了烷基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯进行改性的乳液,单体转化率和固含量提高,凝胶率以及涂膜吸水率明显下降,乳液的稳定性得到提升。当聚合温度为78℃,磷酸酯占单体总质量0.5%(wt)、反应体系pH值在5左右以及采用延后滴加磷酸酯单体的方式时,能够提高乳液耐水等性能以及涂膜的交联度,合成性能优异的磷酸酯改性丙烯酸乳液。     

淀粉/丙烯酸反相乳液体系的稳定性研究

以丙烯酸(AA)单体的水溶液为水相,液体石蜡为油相,失水山梨醇三油酸酯(Span 85)和辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(Opan 10)为复合乳化剂,合成了淀粉/丙烯酸反相乳液;考察了乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)、油水比、乳化剂用量、单体浓度、温度对乳液稳定性和类型的影响.结果表明,合成淀粉/丙烯酸稳定反相乳液体系的适宜条件...     

用混合乳化剂UE20/PVA制备的水包油型生漆乳液的性能

以漆酚基乳化剂(UE20)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为混合乳化剂制备了水包油(O/W)型生漆乳液(RLE), 研究了UE20与PVA的质量比、混合乳化剂质量分数(wME)、水与天然生漆(RL)的质量比、温度和贮存时间对RLE性能的影响, 并用透射电镜观察了wME对RLE粒子的大小及形态的影响. 结果表明, RLE的黏度随着PVA的增加而增大; 当wME≤6.7%时, RLE表现出假塑性流体的特征, 其黏度随着wME的增大而增大, 乳液的稳定性增强; 而当wME≥10.0%时, RLE则表现出膨胀型流体的特征, 乳液的黏度较低; 随着温度的升高及水的用量增加, RLE粒子间相互作用减弱, 乳液的稳定性降低. 正交实验结果表明, 影响RLE的黏度及稳定性的顺序为wME＞mH2O∶mRL＞mUE20∶mPVA＞乳化温度. 随着wME的增大, RLE粒子的粒径减小, 其形态也由不规则的形状转变为球形粒子.     

改性苯丙乳液的合成及用于浸渍滤纸的研究

油品中的微量水分是降低油品质量,威胁发动机安全寿命的主要因素。为了制备优良的油水分离滤纸,本研究首先采用半连续乳液聚合法合成改性苯丙乳液,研究了乳化剂用量及比例、引发剂用量等对乳液稳定性的影响。结果显示,复合乳化剂用量为0.8-1.0 wt%,引发剂用量为0.8 wt%,交联单体用量为3 wt%,反应温度为80℃时,制备的改性苯丙乳液具有良好的稳定性,乳液粒径分布均匀。在上胶量为20±0.5 wt%时,此乳液浸渍的滤纸耐破度为304 kPa,拉伸强度为4.18 kN.m~(-1),耐水时间为24.0 h。水滴在浸渍滤纸表面上的接触角为110.2°,而煤油的接触角为25.6°。本研究为改性苯丙乳液在发动机滤纸上的应用提供了基础数据。     

水性环氧复合乳化剂的合成及性能

以环氧树脂E-44、2-氨基-5-磺酸基苯甲酸、乙二醇丁醚和正丁醇为原料,合成一种新型阴离子环氧乳化剂EP-D;同时,E-44和聚乙二醇(PEG6000)以摩尔比2∶1反应,合成端环氧基非离子环氧乳化剂EP-PEG;将EP-D与EP-PEG按不同质量比复配获得不同配比的EP-D/EP-PEG水性环氧复合乳化剂。 分别研究了EP-D/EP-PEG及EP-PEG在环氧树脂中加入质量分数为6%~12%时的乳化性能及形成乳液的表面张力、电导率和胶粒的Zeta电位、粒径。 结果表明,当EP-D和EP-PEG以质量比3∶5复配,总加入质量分数为9%时,制备的环氧乳液性能最佳。 与EP-PEG形成的环氧乳液相比,复配环氧乳化剂用量少,乳液铺展性好、稳定性高,且乳液在相反转时的固含量提高了10%以上。 复配环氧树脂乳液中胶粒的Zeta电位为-41.9 mV、粒径为342 nm、表面张力为25.5 mN/m、粘度为14 mPa·s。 这表明利用乳化剂EP-D与EP-PEG复配新合成的EP-D/EP-PEG水性环氧复合乳化剂可制备稳定性好,固含量高的乳液。     

丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶的研制

本文介绍了丙烯酸乳液压每胶的研制,并研究了单体、乳化剂、加料方式及温度等因素对乳液压敏胶性能的影响。结果表明,软、硬单体的合适配比、乳化剂的种类及用量是制得粘度接性好,稳定性高的乳液压敏胶的必要条件,采用全连续法加料及严格控制反应温度乳液压敏胶的优异性能具有重要作用。     

Formulation,Rheology, and Hypolepidemic Activity of Vegetable Oil-Based Eggless and Low-Fat Food Emulsions

Common edible oils such as almond, safflower, soybean, and mustard oil were formulated in the form of eggless and low-fat oil-in-water emulsions using a blend of nonionic emulsifier Glycerol monostearate and amphoteric emulsifier soy lecithin. The emulsion parameters such as vegetable oil, emulsifier, additive content and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number of emulsifier were optimized. The storage stability of formulated emulsions was monitored under accelerated storage stability conditions for six months. Rheological characterization of stable emulsion revealed pseudoplastic flow behavior. In vivo hypolepidemic activity of formulated emulsions in rats showed considerable reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride level after 14 days as compared with the marketed product. The almond oil emulsion is found superior than safflower oil emulsion.     

纳米尺度超声显影微囊的制备及性能表征

采用双乳液-溶剂挥发法制备了内部包封氟碳液体的聚乳酸-甲氧基聚乙二醇两嵌段共聚物(MePEG-b-PLA)基超声显影纳米微囊; 用2种不同嵌段比的MePEG-b-PLA共聚物研究共聚物组成与纳米囊性能的关系; 选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、 羧甲基葡聚糖(CMG)和壳聚糖(CS) 3种乳化剂对纳米囊表面进行亲水性修饰. 对所制备纳米囊的粒径、 Zeta电位、 形貌和水溶液稳定性进行了表征. 结果表明, 利用质量分数为1%的PVA和质量分数为1%的CMG组成的复配乳化剂和m(MePEG)∶m(PLA)= 1∶3的聚合物制得的纳米囊的平均粒径为432.9 nm, 水溶液稳定性优良. 利用超声仪对纳米囊体外超声显影性能进行研究, 结果表明, 所得聚乳酸-甲氧基聚乙二醇纳米囊具有更好的中心成像区域灰度值和更持久的体外超声显影效果. 结合3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)比色法研究证实该纳米囊具有低细胞毒性. 在超声影像学领域具有良好的应用前景.     

二维层状钴铁双氢氧化物用于癌症协同光治疗

癌症的光子疗法是一种选择性治疗新技术,近几年得到迅猛的发展,该疗法拥有创伤小、选择性好且毒性低、无耐药性等优点。 我们采用水热合成法制备了一种新型的层状钴铁双氢氧化物纳米片(Co-Fe-LDH),利用其具有较大比表面积、稳定高、生物相容性好等的特点,负载光敏剂IR783(LDH-IR783),在近红外激光的刺激下实现癌症的光热光动力协同光治疗。 对所合成的Co-Fe-LDH进行了组成、形貌、光学性质、活性氧(ROS)生成、热量释放等表征,并在细胞及活体水平进行抗癌测试。 实验结果表明,所制备的纳米复合物具有稳定的结构、高IR783负载率以及良好的分散性,并且,在近红外光源照射下表现出优异的光热/光动力效应,能够快速产生大量的活性氧,迅速地释放热量,产生显著的光毒性,能够有效地诱导HeLa细胞的凋亡。 体内抗癌实验表明,所制备的纳米复合物有效地抑制了实体肿瘤的生长,并且未对正常组织产生明显的损伤,毒副作用较低。 这些初步结果将为光热/光动力协同纳米粒子的设计和应用提供新的思路。     

Physicochemical properties and stability of the emulsion prepared with various emulsifiers for enteral nutrition preparations

The mean diameter of emulsion droplets prepared using three different emulsifiers (egg yolk lecithin alone, egg yolk lysolecithin alone, and a mixture of egg yolk lecithin and lysolecithin) was investigated. Considering the nasal administration of enteral nutrients or that through gastric/jejunal fistulae, the stability of each emulsion with artificial gastric fluid (pH 1.2) or intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) was investigated. When adding artificial intestinal fluid, all emulsions prepared with various emulsifiers (egg yolk lecithin, egg yolk lysolecithin, soybean lecithin, soybean lysolecithin, DK ester^® F-140, and Sunsoft^® A-141E) were stable. On the other hand, when adding artificial gastric fluid, emulsions prepared with egg yolk lysolecithin or Sunsoft^® A-141E were stable, but there was a reduction in the stability of emulsions prepared with the other emulsifiers, with an increase in the particle size. Based on these results, we prepared an emulsion using a natural component-derived emulsifier for enteral nutrients, egg yolk lysolecithin, and clarified the pH change-related stability of the emulsion.     

Electrochemical Sensors Applied for In vitro Diagnosis

Electrochemical sensing technology has received extensive attention from researchers for its unique detection and analysis methods as well as the promising applications in clinical diagnosis. Compared with other detection methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the electrochemical sensor overcomes the disadvantages of expensive cost and complicated operation, as an ideal device for in vitro detection. In this article, we mainly introduce some methods for the detection of biologically important compounds and cancer biomarkers, and briefly summarize the characteristics of these methods at first. And then, we also focus on the latest research progress in the application of electrochemical sensing technology to biologically important compounds' and cancer biomarkers' detection. Finally, the development trend and challenges of electrochemical sensing technology for in vitro diagnosis are also prospected.     

Preparation and characteristics of multiple emulsions containing liquid crystals

In this paper, multiple emulsions containing liquid crystals were prepared successfully and the influence of formulation parameters on the formation mechanism was studied. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectra analysis and stability analysis were used to characterise the property of them. The results showed that the chemical structure of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsifiers directly impacted on the formation of multiple structure, but the effect on the formation of liquid crystal structure was negligible. With the gap of the polarity between inner and outer liquid oils decreased, both multiple structure and liquid crystal structure were harder to form. The content of sodium chloride in internal aqueous phase, which should be neither too high nor too low, has great impact on the formulation of multiple structure. It was easier to form two structures simultaneously when the carbon chain length of fatty alcohols was closer to that of emulsifier C₂₂ alkyl polyglucoside (202). DSC elucidated the phase transitions of water in the liquid crystal layer and the W/O emulsions. SAXS indicated that the liquid crystal orientation was lamellar. The stability analysis showed that the presence of liquid crystal structure had a significant contribution to the stability of the multiple emulsions.     

三环己基锡邻(二茂铁甲酰基)苯甲酸酯配位聚合物的微波固相合成、晶体结构及性能

在微波辐射下, 邻二茂铁甲酰基苯甲酸与三环己基氢氧化锡反应, 合成了结构新颖的含铁锡多核配合物. 紫外光谱、 红外光谱、 核磁共振谱、 元素分析和X射线晶体衍射表征结果表明, 配合物的中心锡与配基原子形成五配位畸变三角双锥构型, 通过配体的羧基氧和羰基氧原子分别与锡原子连接形成一维链配位聚合物. 热分析结果表明, 配合物在163 ℃以下具有较好的热稳定性. 其溶液在电极上能准可逆电子转移, 对人体细胞HT-29, MCF-7, HepG2, KB和A549的体外抗癌活性均高于对照药顺铂, 具有潜在应用价值.     

Mechanism for viscoelastic emulsion displacing oil film – A numerical simulation approach

The reservoir characteristics and fluid property of Daqing reservoir were taken as the research platform. For simulating the emulsifying process in the reservoir, injecting different concentrations of emulsifier solution into the core after water flooding, the viscoelasticity of the emulsion was measured. According to the value of the emulsion viscoelasticity, the numerical model of emulsion displacing oil film was established. Elastic stress acting on the oil film was calculated when the emulsion migrates. The deformation and transportation of the oil film were analyzed at bearing the elastic stress. The results show that the emulsion has favorable viscoelasticity. When the emulsifier concentration is higher, the emulsion elasticity is favorably increased. The oil film can deform and transport forward by the elastic stress. The elastic stress increases as the emulsion elasticity increases.     

Polymeric micelle systems of hydroxycamptothecin based on amphiphilic N-alkyl-N-trimethyl chitosan derivatives

This research investigated the possible utilization of amphiphilic N-octyl-N-trimethyl chitosan (OTMCS) derivatives in solublization and controlled release of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT), a hydrophobic anticancer drug. The release behavior of the 10-HCPT-OTMCS micelles was measured and compared to that of a commercial 10-HCPT lyophilized powder in vitro and in vivo. This research also examined the effects of chemical structure of the chitosan derivatives and the micellar preparation conditions on the encapsulation efficiency, drug loading content, and particle size of the polymeric micelles. The results showed that these chitosan derivatives were able to self-assemble and form spherical shape polymeric micelles with an average particle size range of 24–280 nm and a drug loading content of 4.1–32.5%, depending on the modified structures and loading procedures. The solubility of 10-HCPT in aqueous fluid was increased about 80,000-fold from 2 ng/ml in water to 1.9 mg/ml in OTMCS micellar (degree of octyl and trimethyl substitution is 8% and 54%, respectively) solution. In addition, OTMCS was able to modulate the in vitro release of 10-HCPT and improve its pharmacokinetic properties and lactone ring stability in vivo. These data suggested the possible utilization of the amphiphilic micellar chitosan derivatives as carriers for hydrophobic drugs for improving their delivery and release properties.     

Optimization of Phytosterols Dispersion in an Oil/Water Emulsion Using Mixture Design Approach

Major problems related to enrichment of products with phytosterols are high melting temperature, chalky taste and low solubility in water phase. Dispersion of phytosterols in an emulsion was optimized using a mixture design with four components (phytosterols, emulsifier, soy oil, and water). It was found that the particle size of the dispersed phase decreased with the increase in emulsifier concentration. The appearance viscosity was increased with decreasing particle size. The stability of these emulsions could be correlated with the decrease in surface tension and particle size by using oil and emulsifier as components of oil phase.