分散液相微萃取-X射线荧光法快速同时分析水溶液中的重金属

自主建立了一种利用分散液相微萃取技术同时富集水溶液中铅、镉和汞三种重金属离子的X射线荧光多元素同时分析方法。方法首先以二乙基二硫代甲酸钠(Na-DDTC)为络合剂,在pH 4.0条件下,络合剂与水溶液中铅、镉和汞离子同时络合,形成金属络合物;再采用以丙酮为分散剂、四氯乙烯为萃取剂的分散液相微萃取方法对水溶液中金属络合物同时进行百倍的萃取富集,最后采用X射线荧光光谱仪对萃取溶液中铅、镉和汞元素同时进行定性定量分析,整个分析过程数分钟内完成,3个元素方法检出限均可达0.1 mg/L。该方法在一定程度上弥补了XRF本身检出限高的问题,扩展了XRF在水相中痕量铅、镉和汞元素检测中的进一步应用。     

海水中重金属离子络合形态的研究(Ⅰ)——二阶导数卷积悬汞电极溶出伏安法

本文推导了络合体系中悬汞电极二阶导数卷积阳极溶出峰电势与络合物累积稳定常数的关系式,在模拟海水离子强度溶液中,测定了一系列简单金属离子及其络合物的溶出峰电势差,用电子计算机进行数学回归分析作曲线拟合,求得了Cd(Ⅱ)-SO₄²络合体系的各级累积稳定常数,并对海水中镉(Ⅱ)的存在形态作了综合估算。     

极谱分析中物质的富集

极谱分析中若采用物质在电极上的富集,能更进一步地提高测定灵敏度,目前,对此已引起相当的重视。物质在电极上的富集方法,大致可以分为两大类: 第一类方法是物质以形成汞齐的方式富集于汞电极上。第二类方法是物质以形成难溶解膜状物的形式富集于液态或固态电极上。适合用第一类富集方法的仅限于那些能与汞形成汞齐的金属离子。阴离子、贵金属离子、不能在汞电极上还原成金属的离子和不能生成汞齐的金属就必须以第二类方法进行富集。     

天然水中金属离子化学状态的研究 Ⅱ.铅离子的测定

玻璃碳汞膜电极阳极溶出伏安法近年来开始应用于水环境化学中金属离子存在状态的研究。我们应用此法对天然水中“自由”铅离子和络合铅离子以及铅的总量进行了测定。 (一)仪器、试剂和汞膜镀法所用极谱仪为AD-1型,玻璃碳电极为XBD-1型。参比电极和电解池见文献。蒸馏水经石英亚沸蒸馏器纯化三次。所用试剂除特别注明的而外,均为分析纯。电极镀汞膜方法:将玻璃碳电极用细金相砂纸抛光至表面光滑无裂纹。将电极用1:1硝酸浸泡后,用蒸馏水洗涤。在     

主成分回归-络合滴定法测定混合金属离子

提出了用络合滴定法测定混合金属离子.以汞膜电极为指示电极,银-氯化银电极为参比电极,以标准EDTA溶液滴定混合金属离子溶液.采集-系列指定电位点处滴定剂的体积,并以主成分回归法处理滴定数据.利用本文方法对铜、锌、铅、钻混合溶液进行了测定,结果满意.     

可溶性滤膜分离富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对水中痕量镉、铜、铅与锌的同时测定

基于金属离子与2-[5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮]-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)形成的螯合物能被混合纤维素滤膜捕集,建立了可溶性滤膜分离富集ICP-AES法同时测定水中痕量镉(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的新方法.研究了六通道多联装置同时进行过滤富集的可行性,考察了溶液介质酸度、螯合剂用量、共存离子等对分离富集的影响.在优化的实验条件下,100 mL水样中镉、铜、铅和锌的富集倍率分别为18、19、17和19,检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为0.04、0.15、0.44、0.06 μg/L.方法成功用于自来水和市售矿泉水样中镉、铜、铅和锌的测定,加标回收率为86% ～119%.     

Cyanex 272-Span 80-甲苯乳状液膜迁移分离锌、镉及其它元素的研究

用Cyanex 272-Span 80-甲苯乳状液膜研究了Zn²⁺的迁移行为,在适宜条件下,5min内锌的迁移率达95%以上。而在此条件下,与锌性质相近的镉、铜、钴、镍、汞等金属离子不迁移或迁移率很低。因此,用此乳状液膜体系可将锌与镉及其它常见离子分离。     

聚合物表面金属化的研究：Ⅰ.导电性能的研究

用还原法在ＮａＢＨ４溶液中制备了一系列表面金属化的聚丙烯腈薄膜。考察了含两种不同阴离子的铁金属盐和铁钴金属盐的ＰＡＮ还原后膜表面的导电性能。讨论了ＰＡＮ膜表面电导率与各种离子的结构关系。初步研究了还原剂浓度、还原时间、金属离子浓度及还原温度对ＰＡＮ膜表面导电性能的影响。     

基于银汞齐抑制三角纳米银刻蚀比色法检测水中汞离子

构建了一种基于汞离子存在下,银汞齐的形成抑制了三角纳米银被氯离子刻蚀的比色法检测水中汞离子的方法。当汞离子不存在时,由于氯离子的刻蚀,纳米银的形状由三角形纳米盘变成圆盘,溶液颜色由蓝色变成黄色。当汞离子存在时,汞离子被还原成汞原子强烈吸附在纳米三角银表面,汞充当纳米三角银的保护剂,抑制了氯离子对纳米三角银的刻蚀。随着汞离子浓度的增大,纳米三角银在450 nm处表面等离子共振峰发生红移,并伴随着颜色从黄色变为棕色,紫色,最后变为蓝色。在最佳反应条件下,该方法的线性范围为5~100 nmol/L,检出限为0.83 nmol/L。其它重金属离子对汞离子检测无干扰。将该方法用于实际水样中汞离子的检测,得到了满意的结果。     

浊点萃取富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定环境水样和中药中超痕量铅和镉

提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定环境水样和中药中超痕量铅与镉的方法.以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 7.0时,用Triton X-114非离子表面活性剂浊点萃取富集样品溶液中痕量铅和镉.用硝酸镁和磷酸二氢铵的混合液作为基体改进剂测定铅和镉,铅和镉的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.138,0.007μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.90%,2.08%.对于10 mL样品溶液的富集倍数分别为18.3,17.7.应用所提出的方法测定了杨树叶(GBW 07604)和小麦粉(GBW08503)国家标准样品,测定结果与标准值相符.铅和镉的加标回收率分别为97.8%,94.0%(水样);98.0%,94.0%(中药样).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.