ADS注入器Ⅱ热冲击损伤研究(英文)

由于束流脉冲无法控制而引起直线加速器的热冲击损伤是造成加速器无法完成聚束及偏转的主要因素,而对热冲击进行定量的热应力评估可以有效地避免RFQ、超导腔以及其他加速元件等加速器设备的损伤,这在研制强流直线加速器的过程中至关重要。本研究引用一种新颖的计算方法定量分析整个注入器的热冲击损伤并明确了三种不同材料高纯铌、无氧铜和不锈钢对应的加速器件的热冲击的特征。基于有限元方法对瞬态热应力进行分析,得出三种不同材料对应的加速器件在入射角度为90度时的温度分析结果。对于所研制的注入能量低于10 MeV的强流直线加速器来讲,得到可允许的入射时间为20μs。     

跨越三个世纪的公案——谁先发明了电话?

简单介绍了电话的发明者安东尼奥·缪西(Antonio Meucci)发明电话的经历.经验和教训都说明:科学研究与发明创造都是只有第一,没有第二的竞赛;但是对发明创造而言,创新性和实用性的结合才更有价值,而及时、有效的知识产权保护不仅是对自身价值的确立,也是一种社会责任的体现.一个个案的公正是重要的,更重要的是一个制度的公正,只有社会形成保护首创、尊重第一的氛围与制度,才能鼓励后来者不断创新,保证我们生活于其中的社会的进步.重新确立缪西的电话发明的优先权,体现的正是人类尊重创新的精神和情感及价值标准.     

中能重离子碰撞中参与者区域的粘滞系数与熵密度之比(英文)

在同位旋依赖的量子分子动力学(IQMD)和Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck(BUU)的框架下研究了重离子碰撞过程中核物质的剪切粘滞系数与熵密度的比值。用不同的方法提取了剪切粘滞系数(η)、熵密度(s)和其他相关的物理量。随着碰撞能量的增加,粘滞系数和熵密度的比值在BUU模型中逐渐趋于一个饱和值而在IQMD模型中出现了一个极小值,认为这个局域的最小值或饱和值对应于中能重离子碰撞中发生的核物质液气相变现象。     

圆周运动公式的圆周图示记忆法

匀速圆周运动是曲线运动章节的教学重点．现行高中及中专教材均以两节的篇幅来讨论这种运动．一节是建立匀速圆周运动的概念,引入描述匀速圆周运动快慢的4个量,即周期(T)、频率(v)、角速度(ω)、线速度(v),并讨论这4个量的关系．另一节则从受力的角度讨论圆周运动的向心力及向心加速度．共涉及6个量．由于这6个量之间彼此存在一定的关系,这就使圆周运动具有较多的公式．如果学生能熟练掌握这些公式以及它们之间相互关系的规律,解题就能     

由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

ADS注入器Ⅱ超导磁铁电源控制器的设计

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)注入器Ⅱ对超导磁铁电源系统的要求,设计了一款主要由光纤模块、数模转换器(DAC)和模数转换器(ADC)相关电路组成的高稳定度的超导磁铁电源控制器。提出了一种基于数字电位器(DCP)与现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)所组成的DAC,该DAC可以实现高稳定度的超导磁铁电源的控制,电源电流值通过该DAC给定,其电压给定输出稳定度优于2×10-5,完全满足超导磁铁电源系统5×10-5量级的稳定度要求。最后给出了系统的实际测试数据,验证了设计的合理性和使用的可靠性。     

物理所光学研究的历史和现状

光学是物理所最早设置的学科方向之一,伴随物理所的发展历史,取得过许多重要的成就.文章在回顾与光学相关的这段历史的基础上,概述了物理所人在光学领域所取得的主要学术成就及人才培养和队伍建设情况,最后简要介绍了目前开展的研究工作,浅析了进一步发展所面临的不足和对策.     

主动中子多重性法估算铀材料质量的不确定性（英文）

近年来,国际社会对核材料保护、控制和衡算日益加强。对不明材料损失量(MUF)的关注逐渐提升。铀材料质量不确定性测量在估算铀材料生产量中扮演重要角色。由于铀材料自发裂变相对较弱,主动中子多重性法被应用于估算铀材料质量。通过拟合对不同系列铀金属壳的数值模拟结果,获得了描述铀材料质量与主动中子多重性特征之间的算法和参数。得到的关系表明,可以通过分析不同重数中子多重性探测结果获得铀部件的质量。对不同探测条件下的模拟结果的定量分析,确定了探测系统设置对铀质量估算的影响,以及认知不确定性和随机不确定在估算过程中传播对质量估算的影响。对不确定度的分析获得了本文模拟采用的探测系统的最佳源强和探测时间窗设置,在此设置下,质量估算的不确定性最小。     

Hobson文科物理教材选载导读——怎样才能提高一个国家的人民的科学素质

美国阿肯色大学的退休物理学教授阿特.霍布森(Art Hobson)从上世纪70年代开始开设一门以提高学生的科学素养为目的的文科物理课程,并编写了教科书《Physics Concepts and Connections》.他的课程很受欢迎,这本书也极有特色,现在已出了第4版,在130多所美国大学中使用.由于这本书和他提倡在物理教学中联系社会问题,2006年美国物理教师协会(AAPT)授予他密立根奖(AAPT的最高奖之一).新版的中译本不久将由高等教育出版社出版.(由北京大学秦克诚、刘培森、周国荣先生翻译)这本书的主要特点是:1)强调科学的认知过程,一切知识来自实践并最终由实验检验,特别是"我们怎么知道"一栏尤见特色,反对一切迷信和伪科学;2)不用数学的概念式教学,除E=mc2外书中没有数学公式;3)教给学生最新的物理学,如对量子力学的非局域性、粒子物理学中的大统一、弦假说、超对称、希格斯场等最新概念的介绍;4)讲授物理学的社会联系,对与物理学有关的社会问题的讨论遍布全书,在介绍了有关的物理学原理之后紧接着讨论.这本书的许多内容是别的物理教材中找不到的.为了让读者先睹为快,让更多的老师们更快地了解国外文科物理教学情况,本刊从下期起将选载本书的一些有特色的章节.本期先刊登霍布森教授的《怎样才能提高一个国家的人民的科学素质》一文,作为以后选载的导读.     

自制简易圆周运动速度方向演示仪

曲线运动中物体速度的方向是时刻改变的,怎样确定做曲线运动的物体在任意时刻速度的方向呢?人教版高一物理课本"曲线运动"一章中,是让学生通过观察砂轮磨刀具时飞溅的火花,旋转雨伞时雨滴飞出等实例,从而得出:"曲线运动中质点在某一点(或某一时刻)的速度方向是曲线在该点的切线方向."但课堂教学时,不便操作,难于演示,学生得不到"眼见为实"的效果,没有身临其境的感觉.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.