中高能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的核物质密度,碰撞数和熵

该工作主要研究中高能重离子碰撞动力学过程中,平均场和核子-核子碰撞(包括自由核子-核子碰撞和介质中核子-核子碰撞)对核物质密度、碰撞数和熵的影响,以此来加深对原子核物质状态方程(EOS)的了解.为此我们在有介质和无介质条件下分别考虑软方程和硬方程,数值求解BUU方程计算了⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca在入射能量E_L=400MeV/A的中心碰撞(b=0fm)情况下各种物理量的时间谱.计算结果表明,核物质空间密度主要决定于平均场,受核子-核子碰撞的影响不大.而核子动量空间密度分布、碰撞数和熵同时受平均场和核子-核子碰撞,特别是介质效应的影响.而且这些因素对于以上各量的影响与入射能量密切相关.     

重离子碰撞中能量储藏同入射道动力学的关系

用仅密度相关的BUU模型讨论了在重离子碰撞中能量储藏与入射道动力学(入射能、碰撞参数、碰撞系统)的依赖关系,以及碰撞系统的极不对称性对激发能的影响.     

原子核多重碎裂中同位旋相分比的产生机理研究

利用非对称核物质状态方程及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型对中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋相分比(isospinfractionation)现象进行了研究.给出了同位旋相分比现象的一种静态解释.并详细分析了各种动力学因素对同位旋相分比的影响.同时,也讨论了同位旋相分比的同位旋效应 关键词： 同位旋相分比 非对称核物质状态方程 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学     

量子色动力学在有限温度密度区间的相结构(英文)

本文综述量子色动力学在有限温度密度区间的相结构,包括高密条件下的色超导态和在高温条件下相对论重离子碰撞实验中产生的强耦合夸克-胶子等离子体。我们简要地介绍在相对论重离子碰撞实验中发现强耦合夸克-胶子等离子体的历史,并且讨论用体粘滞系数与熵的比值确定QCD临界点的可能性。对于在高密区域的相结构,我们着重讨论错位配对情况下的非标准色超导态,解释无能隙色超导态的色磁不稳定性、Sarma不稳定性和Higgs不稳定性.     

量子色动力学在有限温度密度区间的相结构

本文综述量子色动力学在有限温度密度区间的相结构,包括高密条件下的色超导态和在高温条件下相对论重离子碰撞实验中产生的强耦合夸克-胶子等离子体。我们简要地介绍在相对论重离子碰撞实验中发现强耦合夸克-胶子等离子体的历史,并且讨论用体粘滞系数与熵的比值确定QCD临界点的可能性。对于在高密区域的相结构,我们着重讨论错位配对情况下的非标准色超导态,解释无能隙色超导态的色磁不稳定性、Sarma不稳定性和Higgs不稳定性.     

中能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的介质效应

本文对BUU方程碰撞项中的核子-核子碰撞截面分别采用有介质和无介质两种情况下的数据,系统地计算了重离子碰撞中介质效应对于集体流的影响.从有介质核碰撞截面和无介质核子碰撞截面随入射核子能量变化的规律合理地解释了介质效应对重离子碰撞横动量,流角等物理量的明显影响.分析这些影响可以看出在该能区和只考虑核子-核子弹性碰撞,π产生和π吸收的情况下介质效应与核物质状态方程的密切关系.     

基于有限核性质确定核物质对称能的密度依赖性

密度依赖的对称能作为核物质状态方程的同位旋相关部分,是当前核物理和天体物理两个领域共同关注的重要热点问题之一。人们在实验和理论两方面对此进行了大量的探索,然而由于问题的困难性,对其研究尚未达成共识。目前,研究对称能的方法有很多,其中包括微观和唯像核多体理论、重离子碰撞、原子核的巨共振等。近年来,低密对称能的研究已经取得了重要进展。本文综述了利用有限核的信息来约束核物质对称能的密度依赖性方面的研究工作,这一研究途径尽可能地降低了理论分析的模型依赖性。研究表明,208Pb对称能(系数)asym(A)等于参考密度ρA=0.55ρ0处的核物质对称能(系数)。这个关系将有限核与核物质的对称能联系了起来,借此可以探究亚饱和密度核物质对称能的密度依赖性,因此核心目标是准确确定208Pb对称能(系数)。我们通过重核β-衰变能和质量差来提取208Pb对称能(系数),进而约束亚饱和密度下核物质对称能的密度依赖行为。     

中能重离子碰撞动力学研究

利用改进的量子分子动力学模型(MQMD),通过研究能够标识中能重离子碰撞动力学过程的物理量:横动量、碰撞数、核物质密度及热化的时间演化过程,了解中能重离子碰撞系统的碰撞动力学和多重碎裂机制;同时对控制和影响这种碰撞动力学的各种动力学因素:状态方程、动量相关势和介质效应进行了分析和探讨.     

中能重离子核反应同位素分布的统计模型计算

用统计擦去模型,引入新的介质中的核子一核子碰撞截面和核物质密度分布弥散度,对中能区由不同质量的重离子引起的核反应的同位素分布进行了研究,探讨了介质效应和核物质密度分布弥散度对同位素分布的影响.     

中高能重离子碰撞中的集体流性质

本文研究了在静态时不同势场下,标示核物质的核物质内部压强和束缚能对核物质密度的依赖关系.在同时考虑势场的动量相关和介质效应的情况下,通过BUU动力学计算,系统地研究了核物质流对碰撞参数和入射能量的依赖关系.通过对不同状态下的计算结果与实验值的比较,加深了对核物质状态方程的了解.     

手征σ模型中σ介子的质量与核物质结合能曲线关系的研究

文中研究了手征σ模型下σ介子的质量m_σ与核物质结合能曲线的关系,主要的目的是研究在单圈图近似下所谓的“快子极点”问题,即σ或π介子质量的平方变为负数,这将导致能量密度为虚数.把m_σ看成自由参数并通过拟合核物质的饱和性质而确定,结果表明,在单圈图真空起伏近似下,并选重整化点在质量壳上,当m_σ=307.5MeV而且核密度小于4.43倍正常饱和密度时,“快子极点”没有出现,因此首先得到了核物质结合能曲线以及计算了不可压缩系数K(≌175.7MeV).     

Is the detailed shape of the nuclear charge distribution relevant to the ft values of superallowed Fermi transitions?

The uniform nuclear charge distribution remains a satisfactory model for calculating electron radial wave functions and nuclear matrix elements even in the case of the superallowed Fermi transitions of light nuclei up to ⁵⁴Co, where high accuracy is needed to determine the vector coupling constant of nuclear β-decay. The modifications due to the deviation of the realistic charge distribution from this simple model are found to be smaller than previously thought and therefore are negligible, provided that the nuclear radius, which is the most important shape parameter, has its correct value (i.e. the r.m.s. radii of the realistic and the model distribution are the same). Moreover, the dependence on the nuclear radius is fairly small for the light nuclei under consideration.     

轴承滚珠等离子体浸没离子注入过程的数值模拟

 利用轴对称PIC模型对轴承滚珠等离子体浸没离子注入（PIII）过程进行了数值模拟，对归一化电势的扩展情况进行了研究。在滚珠批量处理过程中，为了避免相邻滚珠周围鞘层的相互重叠对注入均匀性造成不良影响，对滚珠在靶台上摆放的最小距离进行了数值计算，计算结果表明：在电压为－40kV, 氮等离子体密度为4.8×10⁹ cm^-3，脉冲宽度为10μs时，滚珠摆放的最小距离应大于34.18cm。分析了滚珠圆周方向注入剂量的分布情况，针对静止滚珠改性处理后剂量分布很不均匀的问题，通过旋转靶台使滚珠注入均匀性明显得到改善。利用朗谬尔探针测量了滚珠周围鞘层扩展的情况测量，模拟结果和实验测量结果相吻合，最大相对误差小于8.4 %。     

Single particle models in the shell correction approach

We investigate the dependence of the shell correction energy on the parameters as they occur in the Nilsson model and the single particle model with a Woods-Saxon potential. We give criteria, how these parameters should be chosen in order that the shell correction energies become fairly model-independent. The different models yield now a value of about ?20 MeV for²⁰⁸Pb, substantially larger than in previous work. Its relation to the remainder of the mass formula fit is discussed. We find that shell energies have an extremum. The minimum occurs close to the conventional parameter values (except the potential diffuseness of the protons) and close to the minimum of the total binding energy. The minimum in shell energy corresponds to a maximum bunching of single particle states. The gross properties of these extremal shells agree considerably better with the experimental spectra (for both the neutrons and the protons) than those of conventional model parameters.     

Lifetime measurement of the 2(1)+ state in 20C

Establishing how and when large N/Z values require modified or new theoretical tools is a major quest in nuclear physics. Here we report the first measurement of the lifetime of the 2(1)+ state in the near-dripline nucleus 20C. The deduced value of τ(2(1)+)=9.8±2.8(stat)(-1.1)(+0.5)(syst) ps gives a reduced transition probability of B(E2; 2(1)+→0(g.s.)+)=7.5(-1.7)(+3.0)(stat)(-0.4)(+1.0)(syst) e2 fm4 in good agreement with a shell model calculation using isospin-dependent effective charges.     

核电站最小安全系统电磁脉冲效应试验研究

高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)可通过线缆、孔缝等耦合通道进入电子设备,对各种电子化设备造成暂时甚至永久损伤。考虑到核电站的安全防护等级要求极高,因此有必要研究强电磁脉冲作用下核电站内电子系统的易损性和薄弱环节。首先确定并搭建了核电站最小安全系统模拟试验系统,包括电气、仪控系统和时钟同步系统; 搭建满足GJB 8848-2016规定的威胁级辐照试验平台; 然后对核电站最小安全系统进行辐照效应试验。利用试验数据及效应现象,初步分析了核电站最小安全系统在强电磁脉冲作用下的效应规律,发现HEMP对核电站最小安全系统具有一定程度的威胁,但未影响其核心关键职能。通过总结效应现象、分析薄弱环节和效应阈值,为接下来核电站最小安全系统的易损性评估和防护策略的制定提供依据。     

Limiting temperatures and the equation of state of nuclear matter

From experimental observations of limiting temperatures in heavy ion collisions we derive the critical temperature of infinite nuclear matter Tc=16.6+/-0.86. Theoretical model correlations between Tc, the compressibility modulus K, the effective mass m*, and the saturation density rho s are then exploited to derive the quantity (K/m*)1/2 rho -1/3 s. This quantity together with calculations employing Skyrme and Gogny interactions indicates a value of K in moderately excited nuclei that is in excellent agreement with the value determined from giant monopole resonance data.     

Effect of light polarization on multi-photon ionization of the one-electron atom

On the basis of the one-electron model of an atom or ion (nuclear charge Z « 137) the complete ratio of probabilities for multi-photon ionization by circularly and linearly polarized light is derived (in contrast to previous expressions giving its maximal value only).     

Critical analysis of quark-meson coupling models for nuclear matter and finite nuclei

Three versions of the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model are applied to describe properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei. The models differ in the treatment of the bag constant and in terms of non-linear scalar self-interactions. In two versions of the model the bag constant is held fixed at its free-space value whereas in the third model it depends on the density of the nuclear environment. As a consequence opposite predictions for the medium modifications of the internal nucleon structure arise. After calibrating the model parameters at equilibrium nuclear matter density, binding energies, charge radii, single-particle spectra and density distributions of spherical nuclei are analyzed and compared with QHD calculations. For the models which predict a decreasing size of the nucleon in the nuclear environment, unrealistic features of the nuclear shapes arise.     

A combined approach of Kullback–Leibler divergence and background subtraction for moving object detection in thermal video

In this work, a robust method for moving object detection in thermal video frames has been proposed by including Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) based threshold and background subtraction (BGS) technique. A trimmed-mean based background model has been developed that is capable enough to reduce noise or dynamic component of the background. This work assumed that each pixel has normally distributed. The KLD has computed between background pixel and a current pixel with the help of Gaussian mixture model. The proposed threshold is useful enough to classify the state of each pixel. The post-processing step uses morphological tool for edge linking, and then the flood-fill algorithm has applied for hole-filling, and finally the silhouette of targeted object has generated. The proposed methods run faster and have validated over various real-time based problematic thermal video sequences. In the experimental results, the average value of F₁-score, area under the curve, the percentage of correct classification, Matthew’s correlation coefficient show higher values whereas total error and percentage of the wrong classification show minimum values. Moreover, the proposed-1 method achieved higher accuracy and execution speed with minimum false alarm rate that has been compared with proposed-2 as well as considered peer methods in the real-time thermal video.