稀土冠醚类络合物的研究(Ⅲ)——硝酸钪与邻苯二酮-17-冠-5及邻苯二酮-14-冠-4固态络合物的合成与性质

制得硝酸钪与两种冠醚的固态络合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₆H₂₀O₇·H₂O及Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₄H₁₆O₆·H₂O。研究了冠醚本身及其钪的相应络合物的合成及有关性质。     

微波水热制备Fe-Zr催化剂及其CO加氢制烯烃性能研究

以ZrO（NO₃）₂·2H₂O和Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O为原料,采用微波水热法制备了不同Fe₂O₃/ZrO₂物质的量比的Fe-Zr催化剂,并经K改性,研究了其催化CO加氢一步法合成低碳烯烃性能。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。结果表明,与共沉淀法相比,微波水热制备的Fe-Zr催化剂颗粒粒径均一,具有相对较小的比表面积和较大的孔径;在CO加氢反应中,Zr助剂的添加显著改善了产物分布,Fe、Zr间适宜的相互作用和相对较大的孔径,有利于抑制CH₄的生成,提高烯烃选择性。随着Fe₂O₃/ZrO₂物质的量比的降低,Fe、Zr间相互作用逐渐增强,烯烃选择性和收率先增加后降低。当Fe₂O₃/ZrO₂物质的量比为75：25时,在340 ℃、1.5 MPa、1 000 h^-1和H₂/CO物质的量比为2的条件下,烯烷比（O/P）达4.86,总烯烃收率达62.57 g/m³。     

Al源种类对微乳液法制备固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

分别以拟薄水铝石、γ-Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃、Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为Al源,通过微乳液法制备了一系列Pt-S₂₈O^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,并利用XRD、FT-IR、BET、H₂-TPR等手段对其进行了表征,考察了Al源种类对Pt-S₂₈O^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂结构和酸性的影响,并以正戊烷异构化反应为探针,考察了Al源种类对催化剂异构化性能的影响。结果表明,不同Al源制备的催化剂均能够稳定ZrO₂四方晶相,增大催化剂的比表面积;除以拟薄水铝石为Al源制备的催化剂外,其他催化剂的氧化还原性能均有所提高。以Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为Al源制备的催化剂具有最大的比表面积和更多的超强酸,表现出最佳的异构化性能,在反应压力2.0 MPa、氢烃物质的量比4∶1、质量空速(WHSV)1.0 h^-1、反应温度220 ℃条件下,异戊烷产率达到59.5%。     

喷雾热解制备稀土超细粉末(Ⅰ)——氧化钇粒子形态与形成机理

对Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O的差热和热重分析表明,Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O经脱水和热分解在580C以上完全分解为Y₂O₃.在此基础上,以Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为前驱体,采用喷雾热解过程制备出粒度为0.50～1.50μm的立方相球形Y₂O₃粉末.通过对产物粒子粒度的理论计算与实验结果的比较,推测Y₂O₃粒子形成机理符合液滴-粒子转变机理(One-Droplet-One-Particlemechanism).本喷雾热解过程同样适用于其它稀土超细粉末的制备,粒子粒度可以通过调节液滴尺寸和溶液浓度等操作条件进行控制.     

稀土冠醚类配合物的研究(Ⅺ)——硝酸钪、钇与二苯并-24-冠-8的固态配合物的合成及性质

以无水乙腈为反应介质,合成了硝酸钪及硝酸钇与DB24C8的固态配合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·DB24C8·2H₂O和[Y(NO₃)₃]₄·(DB24C8)₃·8H₂O,并对冠醚及其配合物的某些性质进行了对比研究。     

Ca/Al固体碱催化菜籽油制备生物柴油

采用共沉淀法制备了Ca/Al复合氧化物固体碱催化剂,考察了沉淀剂种类、Ca/Al摩尔比、沉淀温度、溶液pH值、老化时间和焙烧温度等制备条件对其催化剂活性的影响。采用正交实验方法得到制备Ca/Al复合固体碱催化剂前躯体的最佳制备条件为,沉淀剂NaOH,Ca/Al摩尔比为3,沉淀温度为60 ℃,沉淀过程中pH值保持在10,在90 ℃老化18 h。在该最优条件下制备的催化剂前驱体主要以Ca₄Al₂O₆(NO₃)₂·10H₂O晶相存在,在N₂气保护下300 ℃焙烧2 h后,催化剂形成高分散钙铝复合氧化物,且碱性强度达到26.5以上。在催化菜籽油和甲醇的酯交换反应中,菜籽油的转化率达到95%,脂肪酸甲酯的质量分数为95.9%。     

CoMo/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

以ZrOCl₂·6H₂O和Al₂(SO₄)₃为原料,采用超声波共沉淀法制得一系列不同ZrO₂质量分数的ZrO₂- Al₂O₃复合氧化物载体;并以该复合氧化物为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制得Co和Mo质量分数分别为6.0%和16.0%的CoMo/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。BET、XRD、H₂-TPR和NH₃-TPD等表征结果表明,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物载体具有较高的比表面积与较大的孔容、孔径,随着复合载体中ZrO₂质量分数的增加,复合载体比表面积逐渐减小。ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体能高度分散活性组分,钴钼负载量接近其在载体上的单层分散阈值。相比于CoMo/Al₂O₃,CoMo/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较高的还原性能和较多的表面酸性活性中心,由此导致其在苯酚加氢脱氧(HDO)反应中,具有较高的加氢脱氧活性和苯选择性。
     

六水合硝酸镁增塑改性淀粉-聚乙烯醇复合膜的合成与性能

以六水合硝酸镁[Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]为增塑剂, 采用流延法制备了增塑改性的淀粉-聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜, 并研究了改性后淀粉-PVA复合膜的性能. 研究结果表明, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O与淀粉和PVA发生一定的相互作用, 破坏了淀粉和PVA中的结晶结构. 因此, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O的加入可提高淀粉与PVA间的相容性, 改变了淀粉-PVA复合膜的力学性能, 使其拉伸强度下降, 断裂伸长率提高.     

高氯酸铕的双亚砜配合物研究

本文报告了高氯酸铕的高、低熔点双(正-辛基亚砜)乙烷和双(苯基亚砜)乙烷的四个配合物:Eu(ClO₄)₃(α-BOSE)₃·2H₂O(Ⅰ)、Eu(ClO₄)₃(β-BOSE)₄·2H₂O(Ⅱ)、Eu(ClO₄)₃(α-BPhSE)₃(Ⅲ)和Eu(ClO₄)₃(β-BPhSE)₄·2H₂O(Ⅳ)的合成及性质。     

水合铵硼氧酸盐及其饱和溶液的FTIR和Raman光谱研究

研究了NH₄B₅O₈·4H₂O和(NH₄)₂B₈O₁₃·6H₂O及其饱和溶液于20℃的FTIR和Raman光谱,对振动频率进行了归属.根据振动光谱特征,预测(NH₄)₂B₈O₁₃·6H₂O中所含基本结构单元为[B₇O ₁₁(OH)·B(OH)₃]^2-.首次将Raman光谱中516cm^-1处的强散射峰归属为这一多聚硼氧配阴离子的对称脉冲振动峰,并对以上2种铵硼氧酸盐饱和溶液中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式{B(OH)₃,[B₃O₃(OH)₄]^-和[B₅O₆(OH)₄]^-}和相互作用机理进行了探讨.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...