石墨烯层数测量方法的研究进展

石墨烯具有高导电性、高韧度、高强度、超大比表面积等特点,在电子、航天工业、新能源、新材料等领域有广泛应用。对石墨烯层数测量方法的研究有助于深入理解石墨烯性能与微观结构之间的关系。本文着重阐述了包括光学显微镜、拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜和透射电镜等测量石墨烯层数的方法,同时比较了各种测量方法的优点及局限性,并指出石墨烯层数的测量方法还有待进一步完善。     

气相色谱-模式识别技术在油气化探中的应用

〕本文采用吸附丝-气相色谱方法分析了某地区的44个油气化探样品,通过相关分析及R型因子分析对样品组分进行了特征抽提,然后用无监督模式分类法对样本进行了分类研究,结果与一般地质方法及地质资料相吻合。     

基于凝固点下降的高纯有机物纯度定值技术研究进展

介绍凝固点测量方法的研究进展。阐述了凝固点下降技术用于高纯有机物纯度定值的基本原理和适用条件,详细介绍了静力学方法和动力学方法这两种凝固点的测量方法,并介绍了两种方法在纯度定值方面的应用情况,且对两种方法的特点进行了对比,展望了凝固点下降纯度定值技术的发展趋势。     

一种基于自组织粒子群–径向基神经网络的污水总磷TP软测量

针对当前污水处理过程出水总磷TP测量操作繁琐、仪器设备造价高、测量结果可靠性和精确性低等问题,本发明设计了一种基于自组织粒子群–径向基神经网络的污水处理过程出水总磷TP软测量方法,并利用实时数据对出水总磷TP软测量方法进行校正,实现了对污水处理过程出水总磷TP的预测,解决了出水总磷TP难以测量的问题;结果表明该出水总磷TP软测量方法能够快速、准确地预测污水处理出水总磷TP的浓度,有利于加强城市污水处理厂精细化管理和提升实时水质质量监控水平。     

X射线荧光光谱技术在地质分析中的应用及发展动态

简述X射线荧光光谱仪的发展历程,对其主要部件的技术发展进行概述。综述X射线荧光光谱分析技术在传统地质样品分析领域中的应用及新技术的发展动态。对X射线荧光光谱法在地质样品分析中存在的不足进行了分析总结。随地质学研究的需求变化,X射线荧光光谱分析技术的应用会不断拓展。     

应用地质累积指数评价成都市河流表层沉积物重金属污染

根据流经成都市内的三条河流(府河、南河、沙河)表层沉积物重金属资料,应用地质累积指数法对重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明,河流主要的重金属污染物是Cr,地质累积指数分级多在0~1之间,属于无污染-中度污染范畴。     

高温高压下测量岩石矿物波速的新方法及其意义

在紧装式六面顶高压装置上建立了一套新的高温超高压下弹性波速的测量方法。并应用全波震相分析方法对高温高压下横波和其它类型波的初至到时进行识别,因而能一次实验同时获得纵波和横波两种波速。已用该方法进行了叶蜡石等物质的高温高压下波速测量,所达到的压力(0.1—5.5GPa)和温度(室温—1600℃)范围在同类测量方法中居世界领先地位。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定高纯金属铟中的微量镉

采用同位素稀释高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ID—HR—ICPMS）对高纯金属铟中的微量镉进行定值方法研究。用^53Cr作为同位素稀释剂,通过对仪器测量参数以及样品制备和处理过程的优化研究,有效地克服了来自高含量金属基体、等离子体气体、试剂等产生的主要质谱干扰。与传统的光谱测量方法相比,无机质谱的测量方法提高了微量元素定值的准确度和测量精度。     

一种基于自组织粒子群-径向基神经网络的污水总磷TP软测量等

申请公布号：CN104360035A 申请公布日：2015.02.18申请人：北京工业大学
　　摘要针对当前污水处理过程出水总磷TP测量操作繁琐、仪器设备造价高、测量结果可靠性和精确性低等问题,本发明设计了一种基于自组织粒子群–径向基神经网络的污水处理过程出水总磷TP软测量方法,并利用实时数据对出水总磷TP软测量方法进行校正,实现了对污水处理过程出水总磷TP的预测,解决了出水总磷TP难以测量的问题;结果表明该出水总磷TP软测量方法能够快速、准确地预测污水处理出水总磷TP的浓度,有利于加强城市污水处理厂精细化管理和提升实时水质质量监控水平。     

对物理化学电导测量电路图的改进

通过电学理论对测试溶液电导的等效电路进行分析,并在测试电导的实验条件下进行了电化学阻抗测量,以所获得的电化学阻抗数据为依据,提出电导测量中正确的测量方法。     

CS—244／344红外碳硫测定仪计量检定中的几个问题

探讨CS-244/344红外碳硫测定仪检定规程在实际运用中存在的几个问题及相应的对策。     

Molecular Recognition in Organic Crystals: Directed Intermolecular Bonds or Nonlocalized Bonding?

Molecules are held together mainly by forces acting between individual atoms. Does the same apply to molecular clusters? Does intermolecular cohesion depend on weak bonds between individual atoms in different molecules or on less localized, more diffuse interactions between molecules? We discuss these questions from several viewpoints and in particular compare interpretations based on the extension of Bader's atoms in molecules (AIM) theory to cover closed‐shell intermolecular interactions with interpretations based on the new pixel method for the calculation of coulombic, polarization, dispersion, and repulsion energies from the electron density of molecular clusters.     

Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry: Are We Out of the Quicksand?

Although the use of hydrogen exchange (HX) mass spectrometry (MS) to study proteins and protein conformation is now over 20 years old, the perception lingers that it still has “issues.” Is this method, in fact, still in the quicksand with many remaining obstacles to overcome? We do not think so. This critical insight addresses the “issues” and explores several broad questions including, have the limitations of HX MS been surmounted and has HX MS achieved “indispensable” status in the pantheon of protein structural analysis tools.     

Physical basis for constrained lattice density functional theory

To study nucleation phenomena in an open system, a constrained lattice density functional theory (LDFT) method has been developed before to identify the unstable directions of grand potential functional and to stabilize nuclei by imposing a suitable constraint. In this work, we answer several questions about the method on a fundamental level, and give a firmer basis for the constrained LDFT method. First, we demonstrate that the nucleus structure and free energy barrier from a volume constraint method are equivalent to those from a surface constraint method. Then, we show that for the critical nucleus, the constrained LDFT method in fact produces a bias-free solution for both the nucleus structure and nucleation barrier. Finally, we give a physical interpretation of the Lagrange multiplier in the constraint method, which provides the generalized force to stabilize a nucleus in an open system. The Lagrange multiplier is found to consist of two parts: part I of the constraint produces an effective pressure, and part II imposes a constraint to counteract the supersaturation.     

Scientific instrument society formed

Some years ago, several Dutch Universities set up so-called 'Chemistry Shops'. The aim of these shops was to investigate and answer specific questions posed by individuals or groups in Dutch society. This article describes the idea behind Chemistry Shops, their clients, the questions posed to them, and some research results.     

微量元素与老年性痴呆

阐明了几种微量元素在人体内某些部位的含量变化及其对神经系统产生的影响 ,以及与阿尔茨海默病 (老年性痴呆病 ,AD)临床症状的关系。研究表明 ,一些AD发病机制诸如突触及神经元的丢失、细胞内神经原的缠结和细胞外的老年斑等 ,与病人体内某些微量元素含量的异常密切相关 ,而且影响机制复杂 ,途径多样。探明微量元素的作用机制 ,对AD病的防治和诊断意义重大     

Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in fatty foods: a critical review on the analytical methods and their testing capabilities

Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in foods have been of concern for several decades. However, the analysis of some of the OCPs and their metabolites or derivatives, such as endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, nonachlor, etc. in fatty foods (including foods of animal and plant origin), was not commonly included in routine monitoring programme. Recently, the Stockholm Convention introduced nine plus one new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that included chlordecone and some other OCPs. Is there a method available that can analyze both traditional OCPs, together with their metabolites and derivatives in fatty foods? Furthermore, is there a suitable method that can monitor OCPs and the newly added POPs including chlordecone in fatty foods together in a pot? This review aims to provide some background information to answer these questions.     

Reduction potential calculations of the Fe–S clusters in Thermus thermophilus respiratory complex I

Respiratory complex I facilitates electron transfer from NADH to quinone over ~95 Å through a chain of seven iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters in the respiratory chain. In this study, the reduction potentials of the Fe–S clusters in Thermus thermophilus complex I are calculated using a Density Functional Theory + Poisson–Boltzmann method. Our results indicate that the reduction potentials are influenced by a variety of factors including the clusters being deeply buried in the complex and the protonation state of buried ionizable residues. In addition, as several of the ionizable side chains have predicted pK_a values near pH 7, relatively small structural fluctuations could lead to significant (0.2 V) shifts in the reduction potential of several of the Fe–S clusters, suggesting a dynamic mechanism for electron transfer. Moreover, the method used here is a useful computational tool to study other questions about complex I. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Changes in the pore character of silicas caused by surface bonding and polymer coating

The pore character of packings for liquid chromatography, especially reversed-phase (RPLC) packings, has been studied by means of the nitrogen adsorption method (BET method). Micro-spherical silica gels with 9, 12, 30, 40 and 50 nm average pore diameter have been used as carriers. These silica gels have been modified with monochlorodimethyloctadecylsilane and several polymers (polyoctadecylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate co-polymer, polyacrylamide gel, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate). A larger decrease in the specific surface area values was observed in the case of the polymer coating with the polyoctadecylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate co-polymer compared with the derivatization by silanes or the modification with polymers without C18-groups. A new approach has been suggested to explain some questions concerning the interpretation of the data obtained during the measurements of the pore characteristics of the derivatized packings. An attempt has been made to reveal peculiarities connecting values of the measured surface of RP-packings with the specific surface area values of the initial silica, as well as with the chromatographically accessible surface.     

电化学阻抗谱弛豫时间分布基础

电化学阻抗谱（EIS）是一种高效的原位/非原位电化学表征技术,已在电化学能源领域得到广泛应用,如用于锂离子电池、超级电容器、燃料电池等材料及器件性能的诊断和优化. 弛豫时间分布（DRT）是一种不依赖于研究对象先验知识的EIS解析技术,可用于分离和解析EIS中高度重叠的物理化学过程. 为了促进DRT解析技术的应用和推广,本文详细阐述了如下问题： 1） DRT解析原理、实现算法及重要扩展; 2） 典型电路基元的DRT解析分析; 3） DRT的具体实现及在电化学能源中的典型应用举例; 4）DRT解析技术研究进展、存在问题及发展趋势.