放射性核束(RIB)的物理前沿

介绍了世界上主要的放射性核束装置,并对当前放射性核束物理研究的前沿方向作了评述．同时,也展望了放射性核束装置的发展趋势．Several Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) lines are briefly introduced in this paper, and the main frontier fields of RIB physics are reviewed.In the last section,the developing trends of RIB setup are prospected.      

北京同步辐射装置3B3前端区和光束线输出特性诊断

北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)新建3B3光束线通过重新安装、准直和在线调试, 其光学输出特性均达到或超出原设计指标, 光通量达到7×10¹⁰phs/s(100mA下), 能量分辨本领(E/ΛE)达到5000(3.206keV). 介绍了前端区和光束线输出光学特性的诊断方法和光束线在线调试过程, 给出了输出特性的测试结果. 分析了BPM与荧光靶在调试过程中所起的作用及局限性.     

兰州放射性束流线

兰州放射性束流线（RIBLL）是产生中能重离子放射性束流（RIB）的装置和高精度放射性束物理的实验谱仪．RIBLL的立体角接收度＞65msr、动量接收度达10％;RIBLL可提供极化RIB;RIBLL采用大接收度双消色差反对称结构,既可纯化放射性束,还可作为0°磁谱仪． Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) is a facility to produce intermediate energy radioactive ion beams (RIB), and also a high precision spectrometer for RIB physical experiments. The solid angle acceptance of RIBLL is 6. 5 msr. The momentum acceptance is about 10%. The polarized RIBs will be available. RIBLL is the equipment with double achromatic and asymmetric structure. So that it can not only sublimate the RIBs in pureness, but also operate as 0° magnet spectrometer.     

反冲质子磁分析技术用于氘氚中子能谱测量研究

介绍了一种基于反冲质子法和磁分析技术的氘氚聚变诊断方法, 适用于稳态及脉冲条件下的等离子体温度、燃料密度和中子产额的精确诊断. 设计了小型的原理性装置, 磁分析器使用高性能钕铁硼二极永磁铁, 焦平面上使用CR-39固体径迹探测器或PIN探测器测量质子位置分布. 使用²³⁹Pu α 源对磁分析器进行了实验标定, 建立了配套的模拟程序. 利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟分析了装置整体性能, 并在K-400加速器上进行了中子实验研究.     

用脉冲激光全息干涉术测量稠密等离子体电子密度分布

利用脉冲激光作为探测光源,采用全息双曝光法对激光惯性约束核聚变高温高稠度等离子体的诊断,开发了原理上全新的诊断方法.打靶主激光与探测激光实现严格同步Δt≤10^-11～10^-10s,可获得高空间分辨率Δδ≤1μm等离子体二维图象(阴影图象和干涉图象),并保证时间分辨率Δt达到10^-11s左右.记录等离子体折射率空间分布是测定密度剖面变化和计算等离子体流体动力学参量的基础.     

脉冲强磁场高频电子自旋共振装置的研制

国内第一套脉冲强磁场高频电子自旋共振(ESR)装置由武汉国家脉冲强磁场科学中心研制成功.该装置的频率范围为210-370 GHz,样品温度范围为2-300 K, 磁场强度为0-50 T.在脉冲强磁场ESR装置上进行了红宝石ESR实验,获得了Cr³⁺ 离子的ESR谱.     

基于神光Ⅲ原型装置的成像型任意反射面速度干涉仪

 介绍了基于神光Ⅲ原型装置的成像型任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)的系统结构和实验结果,详细阐述了为解决VISAR系统的光路对接调试、干涉仪零程差状态保持、探针激光方式、条纹相机触发时间等问题而采取的特殊手段。对系统性能进行了测试,结果表明:时间分辨力优于30 ps,空间分辨力优于10 μm,测速范围为10~50 km·s^-1。通过神光Ⅲ原型装置进行打靶实验,结果表明:该系统能获得透明材料中冲击波作用形成的清晰干涉条纹,能依据条纹分布情况来判断冲击波在空间不同位置的作用情况。对双灵敏度结构获得的两幅条纹图像进行处理,计算得到了冲击波在透明材料中的传播速度为36.5 km·s^-1。     

从环境样品中分离氩气和氪气用于放射性惰性气体探测

放射性惰性气体同位素⁸⁵Kr(半衰期为10.8年)、³⁹Ar(半衰期为269年)和⁸¹Kr(半衰期为22.9万年)是理想的环境示踪剂,基于激光技术的原子阱痕量分析方法(Atom trap trace analysis, ATTA)可以实现对空气、地下水等环境样品中这几种同位素的有效探测. 在进行ATTA测量之前,需要将样品中的氪气和氩气有效分离出来. 利用低温蒸馏、海绵钛化学吸附和气相色谱分离等技术,可以从1~10 L气体样品中分别提取出90%以上的氪气和98%以上的氩气,从而满足ATTA测量的样品要求. 通过对包括两个野外地下水样品等一系列样品进行分离实验,验证了气体分离装置的可靠性能.     

BRISOL放射性核束鉴别装置的研制北大核心CSCD

中国原子能科学研究院已经建成一台"在线同位素分离器"(BRISOL),在线产生并分离出需要的放射性离子束用于天体物理、核结构和材料科学等研究。其中研制的放射性核束鉴别装置,用来测量并鉴别能量30～300 ke V、束流强度在10~4～10^(11)Particle/s放射性离子束(RIB)的种类。介绍了该装置的原理、组成及调试结果。该装置结构紧凑,可在有限空间内完成核素的积累、转运和能谱测量。该装置已经用于"在线同位素分离器"的在线调试,通过在线获取的射线能谱确认了产生的38K+放射性同位素并给出放射性束流的强度。     

利用激光溅射原子束装置结合时间切片速度成像技术对于金属态-态反应动力学的相关研究

利用新建激光溅射交叉分子束装置,结合时间切片速度成像技术开展了金属原子态-态反应动力学的相关研究. 超声金属原子束是由激光溅射金属棒产生,结合无气体溢流通道的自由扩散设计,得到了质量很好的金属原子超声束. 本文选择Al+O₂反应体系来测试新建金属交叉分子束实验装置的性能. 通过(1+1) 共振多光子电离技术,以AlO(D²∑⁺)为中间态来探测特定转动态的产物AlO自由基. 相同波长下可以同时得到反应产物AlO(X²∑⁺,v=0,N和N+14)两个转动态的速度成像,分别对应着Δv=1的P(N)和R(N+14)跃迁. 在244.145 nm同时探测到P(15)和R(29)的跃迁,形成的两个环在切片成像图中可以完全区分开,这两个跃迁分别对应着反应产物AlO(v=0,N=15)和AlO(v=0,N=29)两个转动态. 对应此两个转动态的能级差为403 cm^-1. 这两个反应产物转动态的区分表明了该实验装置与最近的一篇研究报道[J. Chem. Phys. 140, 214304 (2014)]相比较,具有较好的碰撞能量分辨率.     

Experimental Setup at RIBLL1

RIBLL1 experimental setup consists of RIB identification system,secondary target control system and secondary reaction products measurement system.The high gain x-y position sensitive PPAC with delay cable grouped readout,the scintillation foil time pickup detector focusing with ellipsoidal surface,the traverse field IC,the large area two dimensional position sensitive scintillatillator with PMT matrix readout,the Compton suppressed HPGe γ-ray detectors and twin longitudinal field iC are major components.This setup has been installed at RIBLL1.The performance measurements and test experiments are in progress.     

RIBLL终端LASCAR闪烁体阵列探测器研制进展

介绍了RIBLL终端LASCAR闪烁体阵列探测器的工作原理和结构特点. 描述了为满足放射性核束实验的要求而对阵列所作的重要改进. 给出了LASCAR构型优化改造的工作设想和实施步骤. The principles and structure characteristics of LASCAR scintillator array detector at RIBLL terminal are described. Special emphases are laid upon the latest progress for the development of LASCAR array detector to meet the requirements of the RIB experiments. The working plan and steps for optimizing configuration of the LASCAR multi unit neutron scintillator array detector are also presented.     

RIBLLⅡ与CSRe中束流控制系统的设计

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环（HIRFL-CSR）的实验环CSRe以及次级束线RIBLLⅡ中束流控制系统的设计。该系统主要采用了Java,COM,Oracle,ARM,DSP,FPGA等技术实现了对磁铁电源的实时、同步控制,已达到对束流的控制。该系统已经运行于现场的束流调试中,并在RIBLLⅡ的束流调试中运行正常、性能稳定。     

Simulation of SET Operation in Phase-Change Random Access Memories with Heater Addition and Ring-Type Contactor for Low-Power Consumption by Finite Element Modeling

A three-dimensional finite element model for phase change random access memory （PCRAM） is established for comprehensive electrical and thermal analysis during SET operation. The SET behaviours of the heater addition structure （HS） and the ring-type contact in bottom electrode （RIB） structure are compared with each other. There are two ways to reduce the RESET current, applying a high resistivity interracial layer and building a new device structure. The simulation resuIts indicate that the variation of SET current with different power reduction ways is little. This study takes the RESET and SET operation current into consideration, showing that the RIB structure PCRAM cell is suitable for future devices with high heat efficiency and high-density, due to its high heat efficiency in RESET operation.     

RIBLL的状态及开展的部分实验研究

简要介绍了兰州放射性束流装置建成一年多来所开展的实验工作和现状, 并对取得的实验结果进行了讨论与分析.The status of RIBLL and some new experiments performed since the first operation of RIBLL in 1997 are described. Some of the experimental results are introduced and discussed.     

RIBLL终端大面积光纤阵列探测器研制

描述了RIBLL终端大型探测器之一的大面积闪烁光纤阵列探测器（LASFA）的工作原理和结构特点, 报道了LASFA的研制以及单元性能的改进与测试。 LASFA具有很高的时间分辨和空间分辨能力, 可以很好地测量RIBLL终端各种轻带电粒子的信息。 The principles and structure characteristics of Large Area Scintillating Fiber Array(LASFA) detector at RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) are described. The development of LASFA and the characteristics of the scintillating fibers unit are reported. LASFA can be used to detect the light charged particles at RIBLL terminal due to its good time and spatial resolutions.     

Relaxation times and energy barriers of rubbing-induced birefringence in glass-forming polymers

The relaxations of rubbing-induced birefringence (RIB) in several glass-forming polymers, including polycarbonate and polystyrene (PS) derivatives with various modifications to the phenyl ring side group, are studied. Significant relaxations of RIB are observed at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature T _g . The relaxation times span a wide range from ∼ 10 s to probably geological time scale. Physical aging effects are absent in the RIB relaxations. The model proposed for the interpretation of RIB in PS describes well the RIB relaxations in all the polymers investigated here. The energy barriers are of the order of a few hundred kJ/mol and decrease with decreasing temperature, in opposition to the trend of Vogel-Fulcher form for polymer segmental relaxations above T _g . The relaxation behaviors of different polymers are qualitatively similar but somewhat different in quantitative details, such as in the values of the saturated birefringence, the shape of the initial barrier density distribution functions, the rates of barrier decrease with decreasing temperature, and the dependence of relaxation times on temperature and parameter , etc. The RIB relaxations are different from any of the other relaxations below T _g that have been reported in the literature, such as dielectric relaxations or optical probe relaxations. A microscopic model for the relaxations of RIB is much desired.     

The absence of physical aging effects on the relaxation of rubbing-induced birefringence in polystyrene

We found, through extensive experimental studies, that the physical aging effects are absent in the relaxation of rubbing-induced birefringence (RIB) in polystyrene (PS), and the relaxation involves very small length scale. A phenomenological model based on individual birefringence elements is proposed for the RIB relaxation. The relaxation times (RTs) of the elements are found to be independent of the thermal or stress history of the samples, either before or after the formation of the birefringence. The RTs are also independent of the molecular weight, rubbing conditions, and film thickness, while the RTs distribution function does depend on the molecular weight and rubbing conditions. The model provides quantitative interpretations that agree very well with all the reported experimental results, and sheds important light on the novel behaviors of the RIB relaxation. The absence of physical aging effects is probably due to the combined effects of small length scale of the RIB relaxation, and the accelerated aging speed in the near surface region in which the RIB concentrates.