鸭肉中克百威和西维因的同步荧光光谱解析及定量分析

采用同步荧光法分析了鸭肉中农药的荧光特征,其次利用同步荧光峰值法对鸭肉中农药残留进行定量分析。发现2种农药鸭肉体系中都有一个同步荧光峰,分别是克百威的荧光特征(Δλ=120 nm,λex=335 nm)和西维因的荧光特征(Δλ=140 nm,λex=322 nm);在一定浓度范围内荧光强度与浓度良好的线性关系,其克百威-鸭肉和西维因-鸭肉体系中预测样本的相关系数(R2)分别为0.991和0.994。为快速、准确检测鸭肉中农药残留含量提供了新方法。     

同步荧光法同时测定溶解态的菲与2-乙基菲

将同步荧光法结合人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量回归(SVR)用于混合体系中荧光光谱重叠的菲(Phe)和2-乙基菲(2-EP)两组分的同时测定。通过三维同步荧光法结合平行因子(PARAFAC)分析寻得Phe和2-EP的特征波长差Δλ为118 nm。在220~280 nm范围内,以31个波长处荧光强度值作为模型的输入变量用于建立ANN和SVR模型。结果显示,ANN模型分析Phe和2-EP预测样本的回收率分别为92.5%~104.9%和96.1%~104.3%,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为2.08和2.95;SVR模型分析预测样本的回收率分别为98.2%~101.3%和94.9%~104.2%,RMSEP分别为0.74和2.42。实际水样的加标回收实验显示,基体简单的矿泉水中两种模型均取得满意结果;而基体复杂的湖水中样品预测值较实际值低,且SVR模型比ANN的预测性能更加稳健,泛化能力更强。将同步荧光法结合SVR模型应用于Phe和2-EP单独及混合状态下与腐植酸(HA)相互作用的研究,结果显示混合体系中Phe和2-EP与HA的结合系数均小于各自单组分体系,表明Phe和2-EP之间存在竞争吸附。     

导数同步荧光光谱-小波-SGA-LSSVR联用快速测定鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量

新霉素在巯基乙醇存在的条件下与邻苯二甲醛生成的衍生物具有强荧光特性,可实现鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量的荧光测定。在模型建立过程中,分析了波长为280～390 nm光谱范围内的三维同步荧光光谱,确定检测鸭蛋蛋清中的新霉素含量的最佳波长差Δλ为110 nm;然后利用db10小波的2层分解对一阶导数同步荧光光谱进行去噪处理,并利用分段遗传算法(SGA)优选出了14个特征波长;最后应用最小二乘支持向量回归(LSSVR)建立了鸭蛋蛋清中的新霉素含量的预测模型,其模型预测集的决定系数(R2)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9671和1.713。结果表明,SGA能有效提取出鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素对应的特征波长,有利于提高LSSVR模型预测精度,可实现鸭蛋蛋清中新霉素残留含量的快速测定。     

基于同步荧光与支持向量回归的典型蔬菜农药残留快速检测

采用恒波长同步荧光法结合支持向量回归(SVR)算法，对西红柿汁中的春雷霉素和多杀菌素农药残留含量进行快速检测。确定了春雷霉素和多杀菌素的最佳波长差(Δλ)分别为70, 45 nm，同时得到最佳Δλ下的特征峰分别位于322, 292 nm。春雷霉素样本和多杀菌素样本的建模结果显示，2种农药模型的均方误差均小于0.002，决定系数(R²)均超过0.99，平均回收率分别为99.5%和100.1%。采用同步荧光结合SVR算法可有效检测西红柿中春雷霉素和多杀菌素的含量，并为其它蔬菜中农药残留检测提供方法依据。     

基于SSPA-同步荧光法的鸭蛋蛋清中强力霉素残留含量的检测研究

应用同步荧光光谱技术结合分段连续投影算法(SSPA)实现了对鸭蛋蛋清中强力霉素含量的快速检测。首先对蛋清、强力霉素标准品和含有强力霉素的蛋清进行三维同步荧光光谱分析,确定了其最佳波长差(△λ)为110 nm;然后对60个含有强力霉素的蛋清样本进行同步荧光光谱扫描,运用SSPA分别从全光谱和划分不同子区间中提取特征波长,作为多线性回归(MLR)、偏最小二乘法(PLS)、主成分回归(PCR)的输入变量,分别建立了SSPA-MLR、SSPA-PLS和SSPA-PCR模型。结果表明,利用SSPA法可以压缩模型的输入变量,缩减率为90.8%。划分为6个光谱子区间的SSPA-MLR模型的预测结果最好,其预测集样本的决定系数(R2)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9896和0.89,有效地提高了模型的效率和预测能力。该方法为快速检测鸭蛋蛋清中抗生素提供新的方法。     

偏最小二乘-同步荧光光谱法同时测定两种蒽环类抗生素

将偏最小二乘法(PLS)用于同步荧光光谱严重重叠的多柔比星(doxorubicin, DOX)和柔红霉素(daunorubicin, DNR)两组分混合体系进行波谱解析, 建立了该混合体系含量同时测定的新方法. 在pH 3.45 B-R缓冲溶液中, 波长差Δλ=55 nm时, 用测得的25个混合标样的同步荧光原始光谱、一阶导数光谱值建立模型. DOX和DNR在质量浓度为0.05～3.0 μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 所建立的测定二者模型的相关系数分别为0.9897和0.9909; 平均回收率分别为101.0%和101.4%; 预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.1400和0.1395; 预测相对标准误差(SEP)分别为0.1541和0.1525. 该方法可应用于尿液样品的分析测定.     

紫外吸收光谱结合化学计量学测定饲料中三聚氰胺的含量

饲料经过酸-硅胶沉淀除去基质,测定所得上清液的紫外吸收光谱。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)、人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量回归法(SVR)三种化学计量学方法建立紫外吸收光谱对三聚氰胺浓度的预测模型。结果:PLS模型的R2为0.9926~0.9940,均方根差为0.2346~0.2612;ANN模型的R2为0.9999,均方根差为0.0265~0.0408;SVR模型的R2为0.9997~0.9999,均方根差为0.0010~0.0024。SVR模型的预测效果最好。研究表明,紫外吸收光谱-化学计量学建模用于快速、准确测定饲料中三聚氰胺是可行的,且设备要求低、操作简单,有望推广使用。     

主成分分析-支持向量回归建模方法及应用研究

将主成分分析(PCA)用于近红外光谱的特征提取,并与支持向量回归(SVR)相结合,实现了主成分分析-支持向量回归(PCA-SVR)用于近红外光谱定量分析的建模方法。与单纯的SVR方法相比,不仅提高了运算速度,而且提高了模型的预测准确度。将PCA-SVR方法用于烟草样品中总糖和总挥发碱含量的测定,所得结果的预测均方根误差分别为1.323和0.0477;回收率分别为91.8%~112.6%和88.9%~120.2%。     

支持向量回归-分光光度法对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的同时测定

用支持向量回归(SVR)结合分光光度法对苯酚、苯胺、苯甲酸进行了同时测定.在230～300 nm的波长范围内,用SVR方法建立校正模型,用留一交叉验证的方法优化SVR方法建模,并对苯酚、苯胺、苯甲酸的模拟样品进行了测定.苯酚、苯胺、苯甲酸的预测结果的回收率在98.1%～101.1%之间.     

三维荧光二阶校正法快速测定块茎类蔬菜、土壤和污水中克百威残留量

克百威是一种高效内吸广谱氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂.本文充分利用荧光光谱仪操作简单、灵敏度高,化学计量学二阶校正算法具有的"二阶优势",将三维荧光(EEM)与化学计量学交替三线性分解(ATLD)算法相结合,实现了红薯、土豆、红萝卜、土壤和污水5种实际复杂体系中克百威残留量的直接快速定量测定.当选取组分数为2时,用ATLD获得的平均回收率分别为(99.0±5.3)%、(97.2±4.2)%、(102.7±5.9)%、(101.1±3.8)%和(91.3±1.9)%.另外,还用椭圆置信区间(EJCR)测试和品质因子,如灵敏度(SEN)、选择性(SEL)、检测下限(LOD)和预测均方根误差(RSMEP)评估了该种算法的准确性.实验结果表明,该方法能以"数学分离"代替繁琐的"化学分离",成功地解决实际复杂体系中内源干扰物质与分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题,可用于未知干扰共存下克百威含量的直接快速定量测定.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.