二乙胺导向合成SAPO-34及与其它模板剂的对比

以二乙胺 (DEA) 为模板剂, 合成了 SAPO-34 分子筛, 详细考察了磷酸用量、水用量以及硅源和铝源等因素的影响. 结果表明, 在 0.7 ≤ n(P2O5)/n(Al2O3) ≤ 1.2 及 25 ≤ n(H2O)/n(Al2O3) ≤ 100 范围内, 可以得到纯相 SAPO-34 分子筛, 铝源对所得样品的组成影响较大. 同时, 采用三乙胺 (TEA)、吗啉 (MOR) 以及二乙胺-三乙胺 (DEA-TEA) 混合模板剂合成了 SAPO-34, 通过 X 射线衍射、X 射线荧光分析、扫描电镜、热重和 29Si 固体核磁共振等手段对所得样品进行了表征. 结果显示, 不同模板剂促使硅进入 SAPO-34 骨架的能力顺序为 SAPO-34 (DEA) SAPO-34 (MOR) SAPO-34 (TEA); SAPO-34 骨架中所能容纳的最大 Si(4Al) 含量顺序为 SAPO-34 (DEA) ≈ SAPO-34 (MOR) SAPO-34 (TEA).     

SAPO-11分子筛的合成

以二正丙胺(DPA)为模板剂、利用水热法合成SAPO-11分子筛，系统考察了硅源、硅含量、模板剂用量以及晶化条件（晶化温度、时间以及pH值）对SAPO-11分子筛合成的作用。研究结果表明：硅源是决定SAPO-11分子筛合成及结构的关键组分之一，其释放出活性硅物种的速率要与磷酸铝分子筛的前驱体生成的速度相一致；酸性硅溶胶是合成SAPO-11的合适硅源；在SiO2/Al2O3=0～0.7，DPA/P2O5=0.8～1.8，pH=5.8～7.8条件下，可合成纯SAPO-11分子筛。此外，SAPO-11分子筛的合成，还存在明显的诱导期以及晶型的转化过程。在合成条件下，晶化时间4?h时，SAPO-11开始晶化，至24 h，SAPO-11分子筛可晶化完全。继续延长晶化时间，SAPO-11分子筛与SAPO-31分子筛之间发生转晶现象。     

不同结构导向剂合成不同硅含量SAPO-34分子筛的酸性质

SAPO-34分子筛由于其独特的拓扑结构和适宜的酸性,在以甲醇制烯烃(MTO)和氨气选择性催化还原NO_x (NH₃-SCR)为代表的系列催化反应中显示了优良的性能,因此吸引了研究者的广泛关注。但是,在合成过程中如何通过选择有机模板和控制硅含量来得到合适酸量的SAPO-34催化剂是极具挑战的。本文中,四个系列的SAPO-34分子筛,即分别由四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)、二异丙胺(DIPA)、正丁胺(nBA)和吗啉(MOR)为有机模板剂合成不同硅含量的样品,通过热重量分析(TG),结构精修和固态核磁进行了研究。TG和结构精修结果显示在TEAOH和DIPA合成的SAPO-34分子筛cha (一种复合结构单元)笼子中只有一个结构导向剂而MOR和nBA合成的SAPO-34分子筛的cha笼中有两个。采用固态核磁氢谱(¹H ss-NMR)探究碱性探针分子氘代乙腈(CD₃CN)和分子筛骨架之间主客体的相互作用,并对其酸性(酸量和酸强度)进行了系统的研究。例如,TEAOH合成的SAPO-34分子筛随着硅含量的增加酸强度增加而酸量却保持着不变。而DIPA合成的SAPO-34,与前者存在较大的差异,即随着硅含量的上升,酸量显著下降而酸强度只发生了微小的变化。该工作为SAPO-34分子筛催化剂酸性的定向调变提供了理论基础。     

不同模板剂合成SAPO-34分子筛的表征与热分解过程研究

采用XRD、 SEM、 FT-IR、 TG-DTA等表征手段,对分别以正磷酸、拟薄水铝石和硅溶胶为磷源、铝源和硅源,用五种模板剂合成的SAPO-34分子筛进行了表征.不同模板剂合成的SAPO-34分子筛在晶粒粒度分布上有相当大的差异.通过TEAOH-Et3N或者TEAOH-Morpholine复合模板剂法可以有效地调节晶粒粒度.不同模板剂合成的SAPO-34分子筛的红外骨架振动相似;而模板剂分子与分子筛骨架的作用方式有区别.模板剂种类对SAPO-34分子筛骨架热稳定性没有影响,但对其热分解的行为有影响.     

SAPO-11分子筛合成条件对其结晶度与催化性能的影响

在水热条件下改变合成条件合成一系列SAPO-11分子筛,采用XRD对样品进行结晶度表征,并考察了合成条件对SAPO-11分子筛催化性能的影响.结果表明,合成条件对SAPO-11分子筛的结晶度和催化性能有很大影响.以二正丙胺(DPA)为模板剂,n(DPA)/n(Al2O3)=1.5,n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=0.2,晶化时间为24 h和晶化温度为170℃时,合成出的SAPO-11分子筛催化剂最有利于萘和甲醇的甲基化反应.初步探究其在萘和甲醇的甲基化反应中的失活原因.结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是在萘和甲醇的甲基化反应过程中生成大量的水,经高温水脱铝导致分子筛结构坍塌,从而导致分子筛失活.     

不同结构导向剂合成不同硅含量SAPO-34分子筛的酸性质（英文）

SAPO-34分子筛由于其独特的拓扑结构和适宜的酸性,在以甲醇制烯烃(MTO)和氨气选择性催化还原NO_x(NH₃-SCR)为代表的系列催化反应中显示了优良的性能,因此吸引了研究者的广泛关注。但是,在合成过程中如何通过选择有机模板和控制硅含量来得到合适酸量的SAPO-34催化剂是极具挑战的。本文中,四个系列的SAPO-34分子筛,即分别由四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)、二异丙胺(DIPA)、正丁胺(nBA)和吗啉(MOR)为有机模板剂合成不同硅含量的样品,通过热重量分析(TG),结构精修和固态核磁进行了研究。TG和结构精修结果显示在TEAOH和DIPA合成的SAPO-34分子筛cha(一种复合结构单元)笼子中只有一个结构导向剂而MOR和nBA合成的SAPO-34分子筛的cha笼中有两个。采用固态核磁氢谱(~1H ss-NMR)探究碱性探针分子氘代乙腈(CD₃CN)和分子筛骨架之间主客体的相互作用,并对其酸性(酸量和酸强度)进行了系统的研究。例如,TEAOH合成的SAPO-34分子筛随着硅含量的增加酸强度增加而酸量却保持着不变...     

SAPO-11分子筛模板剂理论筛选及改进合成

本文通过能学计算,表明二乙胺比二丙胺更有利于合成出高Si含量的SAPO-11分子筛。以二乙胺作模板剂、较高温度水热条件下合成出不同Si/Al比的SAPO-11样品。Si/Al比升高,结晶度下降,晶粒变小。 ²⁹Si NMR谱表明Si/Al比为0.33的SAPO-11的SAPO区明显扩大。     

低硅SAPO-34分子筛的复合模板剂法合成及其对甲醇制烯烃的催化性能

系统考察了模板剂比例和晶化条件对复合模板剂(三乙胺+四乙基氢氧化铵)法合成低硅SAPO-34分子筛的影响;评价了合成产物对甲醇制烯烃的催化性能.结果表明,190℃晶化时不易合成低硅SAPO-34分子筛,而170℃晶化、模板剂组成为2Et3N+0.3TEAOH时可合成纯相SAPO-34分子筛.较高温度晶化时,延长晶化时间,SAPO-34有向SAPO-5转晶的趋势,而较低温度晶化时则相反.与晶化3 d的分子筛样品相比,170℃晶化5 d后的分子筛样品的比表面积较大、强酸中心较多、弱酸中心较少、对甲醇制烯烃反应的催化寿命较长.     

用TEAOH-C4H9NO复合模板剂合成SAPO-34分子筛的研究Ⅱ.SAPO-34分子筛的表面酸性和催化性能

 以吗啉(C4H9NO)为主要模板剂,以少量四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为辅助模板剂合成了SAPO -34分子筛,并用氨吸附红外、核磁共振和氮吸附等手段对合成的SAPO-34分子筛进行了表 征. 结果表明,与单独以吗啉为模板剂合成的样品相比,用复合模板剂合成的分子筛样品的比 表面积和孔体积均有所增大; 由于在分子筛骨架中形成了“硅岛”,使其B酸量有所增加 ,对甲醇制低碳烯烃反应的催化性能有所改善.     

糖类对SAPO-34分子筛的结构以及MTO性能的影响

以廉价的木糖、蔗糖、淀粉和葡甘聚糖为硬模板剂成功合成出含多级孔道的SAPO-34分子筛,采用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM、ICP和NH₃-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床上,研究了糖类硬模板剂对SAPO-34分子筛的结构以及MTO性能的影响。结果表明,糖类硬模板剂能够提升SAPO-34分子筛的比表面积、微孔和介孔体积。与常规SAPO-34分子筛相比,多级孔道SAPO-34分子筛的双烯选择性和寿命均高。介孔体积最大、酸量最少、酸性最弱的SAPO-34-z分子筛的寿命最长（130 min）,高出常规SAPO-34分子筛（100 min）30%,分子筛寿命从长到短顺序为SAPO-34-z > SAPO-34-h > SAPO-34-d > SAPO-34-m > SAPO-34 > SAPO-34-p。含多级孔道的SAPO-34分子筛的双烯选择性均高于常规SAPO-34分子筛。     

Catalytic behavior in skeletal isomerization of linear butenes and acidic properties of ani-Pr2NH-templated sapo-11 molecular sieve

SAPO-11 samples were synthesized withi-Pr₂NH as a novel template, and applied in catalytic skeletal isomerization of linear butenes. More linear butenes were converted with increasing Si content in SAPO-11 samples, while theiso-butene selectivity was proportional to the Si content only in the lower reaction temperature region. The maximum yield ofiso-butene was achieved around 763 K. The acidic properties of SAPO-11 samples were studied by NH₃-TPD and IR spectroscopy. The strong acidity was due to the formation of Si domains in the framework lattice.     

Thermogravimetric Study of Template Remotion of Niobium Aluminophosphate

Niobium-aluminophosphate materials with AEL structure (NbALPO-11) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 170°C for a period of 72 h. The chemical composition of the gel was: DIPA:Al₂O₃:(1–x)P₂O₅:xNb₂O₅:80H₂O, where x=0.025, 0.050 and 0.100(DIPA=di-isopropylamine template). The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. From TG, was observed that the remotion of the template occluded in the porous of the NbALPO-11 materials, occurred in two steps, the first in the temperature range from 180 to 260°C, due to physically adsorbed DIPA molecules, and the second step, from300 to 410°C, attributed to the DIPA decomposition to propene and ammonia. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

模板剂种类、浓度、硅源对SAPO-5分子筛结构性质的影响

研究了模板剂种类、浓度及硅源等因素对ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛结构、性质及酸催化性能的影响．结果表明，在合成ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛时，较合适的模板剂为三乙基胺或四乙基氢氧化铵．模板剂对分子筛结构的影响在于其空间效应，对酸性的影响在于其对硅反应性能和骨架硅含量的改变．不同硅源对分子筛骨架中的硅含量和酸性有较大的影响．得到较强酸性ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛催化剂的条件是：采用三乙胺模板剂和正硅酸乙酯．     

Synthesis and characterization of acidic properties of Al-HMS materials of varying Si/Al ratios

HMS and Al-HMS materials with Si/Al ratio in the range 5-45 were synthesized by neutral templating pathway. The as synthesized as well as calcined samples were examined for pore size distribution, surface area and XRD. These investigations confirmed the hexagonal mesoporous structure formation at all Si/Al ratios. The TGA measurements indicated that two types of template species interacting with Si or Al could be distinguished. The acidity and acid strength distribution studies using microcalorimetric NH₃ adsorption indicated that the acidity increases with Al content in the mesoporous structure. The presence of Al in the structure creates a wide variety of acid sites of varying strengths. The heterogeneity of the sites also increases with Al content of the catalysts. The activities for cumene cracking reaction to test acidity of the materials supported the trend obtained from microcalorimetric NH₃ adsorption results.     

MCM-22分子筛酸性的DFT理论计算研究

本文利用量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT)计算，研究了MCM-22分子筛上骨架Al在8个不同的T位的分布和Br?nsted酸的落位及强度。所有计算基于分子筛的8T簇模型 (H₃SiO)₃Si-O(H)-T(OSiH₃)₃(T=Si，Al)，采用DFT的BLYP方法，所有原子均应用DNP基组。通过计算(Al，H)/Si替代能和质子亲和势，得出推论：MCM-22分子筛中骨架Al的最有利落位在T1，T4，T3和T8位。而形成Br?nsted-酸的最可能的位置为Al1-O3-Si4，Al4-O3-Si1，Al3-O11-Si2和Al8-O10-Si2桥基。Al1-O3H-Si4和Al4-O3H-Si1位的酸性强度接近，Al3-O11H-Si2和Al8-O10H-Si2位的酸性分别略低于和略高于前两个酸位。通过计算模板剂分子六次甲基亚胺(HMI)与B-酸中心的相互作用，进一步探讨了HMI对分子筛中Al落位的靶向作用。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Silicoaluminophosphate with AEL Structure Using a Residue of Fluorescent Lamps as Starting Material

Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of SAPO-11 type (AEL structure) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, from the residue of a fluorescent lamp as a source or Si, Al, and P in the presence of water and di-propyamine (DPA) as an organic template. To adjust the P₂O₅/SiO₂ and Si/Al and ratios, specific amounts of silica, alumina, or alumina hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid were added to obtain a gel with molar chemical composition 1.0 Al₂O₃:1.0 P₂O₅:1.2 DPA:0.3 SiO₂:120 H₂O. The syntheses were carried out at a temperature of 473 K at crystallization times of 24, 48, and 72 h. The fluorescent lamp residue and the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area analysis using nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The presence of fluorapatite was detected as the main crystalline phase in the residue, jointly with considered amounts of silica, alumina, and phosphorus in oxide forms. The SAPO-11 prepared using aluminum hydroxide as Al source, P₂O₅/SiO₂ molar ratio of 3.6 and Si/Al ratio of 0.14, at crystallization time of 72 h, achieves a yield of 75% with a surface area of 113 m²/g, showing that the residue from a fluorescent lamp is an alternative source for development of new materials based on Si, Al, and P.     

Effect of the template on synthesis of SAPO-11 for hydroisomerization of n-octane

Summary In this study, five typical dialkylamines with different alkyl chains were tested as template for synthesis of SAPO-11. Among these templates, diethylamine, dipropylamine and diisopropylamine have been shown to be effective for synthesis of SAPO-11. SAPO-11 synthesized with dipropylamine in the gels of high Si content and diisopropylamine in the gels of low Si content exhibit good catalytic performance in hydroisomerization of n-octane.     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COPOLYMERS FROM 1-[3,5-BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)PHENYL]-2-PHENYLACETYLENE

Copolymerization of 1-[3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetylene (m,m-(Me₃Si)₂DPA) with other diphenylacetylene derivatives and their copolymer properties were investigated. Homopolymerization of m,m-(Me₃Si)₂DPA by TaCl₅─n-Bu₄Sn (1:2) did not give the polymer due to steric hindrance. However, m,m-(Me₃Si)2DPA copolymerized with diphenylacetylene (DPA), 1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene (p-Me₃Si DPA), and 1-phenyl-2-[m-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acety-lene (m-Me₃SiDPA) in the presence of TaCl₅─n-Bu₄Sn at various feed ratios to give copolymers in moderate yields. The formed copolymers were yellow to orange solids, which were soluble in common organic solvents such as toluene and CHCl₃. The highest weight-average molecular weights (M_w) of these copolymers reached ca. 6 × 105 and tough films could be obtained by solution casting. Their onset temperatures of weight loss in air were observed around 400°C, indicating high thermal stability. The oxygen permeability coefficients at 25°C of copoly(m,m-(Me₃Si)₂ DPA/DPA) (feed ratio 1:1) and copoly(m,m-(Me₃Si)₂DPA/p-Me₃SiDPA) (feed ratio 1:2) were 21 and 100 barrers, respectively, medium in magnitude among polymers from substituted acetylenes.