功能梯度变曲率曲梁的几何非线性模型及其数值解

基于弹性曲梁平面问题的精确几何非线性理论,建立了功能梯度变曲率曲梁在机械和热载荷共同作用下的无量纲控制方程和边界条件,其中基本未知量均被表示为变形前的轴线坐标的函数。以椭圆弧曲梁为例,采用打靶法求解非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题,获得了两端固定功能梯度椭圆弧曲梁在横向非均匀升温下的热弯曲变形数值解,分析了材料梯度指数、温度参数、结构几何参数等对曲梁受力及变形的影响。     

Dynamic response of elastic-plastic ideal sandwich beams

The dynamic response of elastic-plastic ideal sandwich beams is investigated. The plastic deformation is interpreted as a kind of general loads in the elastic beams, while the moving interfaces between elastic and plastic regions are treated as external restraint conditions. Particularly, the dynamic response of a cantilever beam is investigated using the classical method by means of the superposition of the vibration modes of elastic beams. The numerical results show that, compared with the rigid plastic solutions, the dynamic behavior of elastoplastic beam exhibits complex response modes. In some cases, elastic deformation has very important effects on the response mode of the beam, so it should not be ignored.     

考虑收缩徐变影响的新旧混凝土叠合梁单元刚度矩阵改进

混凝土自身的收缩徐变会在新旧混凝土叠合梁中使应力重分布.为了计算重分布应力,首先推导以挠度表达的叠合梁非线性微分方程,然后通过求解该微分方程,引入位移形函数、刚度形函数和等效节点载荷形函数,最后得出新混凝土梁、旧混凝土梁和Goodman弹性夹层三合一的叠合梁改进型单元刚度矩阵和等效节点载荷,从而为收缩徐变影响下的混凝土的内力计算提供了一种有效的新方法.文中还进行了实例验证分析,并从中得出了一些有益的结论.     

基于无网格法的Timoshenko曲梁动力分析

曲梁具有外形美观、受力性能良好的优点,故在工程中得到广泛应用。本文基于移动最小二乘近似和一阶剪切变形理论,提出一种对Timoshenko曲梁自由振动和受迫振动进行分析的无网格方法。通过一系列离散点离散曲梁,建立曲梁无网格模型,然后推导曲梁势能和动能方程,通过哈密顿原理给出曲梁自由振动和受迫振动的控制方程,因为本文方法不能直接施加边界条件,所以使用完全转换法处理本质边界条件,最后求解方程得到频率和振动模态。文末通过算例验证了本文方法的有效性,且通过收敛性分析表明本文方法具有较好的收敛性,并进一步分析了不同边界条件、跨高比和变截面变曲率对曲梁自由振动和受迫振动的影响,将计算结果与文献解或ABAQUS解进行对比分析,表明本文方法具有较高的精度,且适用于实际工程情况。     

Dynamic stability analysis of shear-flexible composite beams

Dynamic stability behavior of the shear-flexible composite beams subjected to the nonconservative force is intensively investigated based on the finite element model using the Hermitian beam elements. For this, a formal engineering approach of the mechanics of the laminated composite beam is presented based on kinematic assumptions consistent with the Timoshenko beam theory, and the shear stiffness of the thin-walled composite beam is explicitly derived from the energy equivalence. An extended Hamilton’s principle is employed to evaluate the mass-, elastic stiffness-, geometric stiffness-, damping-, and load correction stiffness matrices. Evaluation procedures for the critical values of divergence and flutter loads of the nonconservative system with and without damping effects are then briefly introduced. In order to verify the validity and the accuracy of this study, the divergence and flutter loads are presented and compared with the results from other references, and the influence of various parameters on the divergence and flutter behavior of the laminated composite beams is newly addressed: (1) variation of the divergence and flutter loads with or without the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia with respect to the nonconservativeness parameter and the fiber angle change, (2) influence of the internal and external damping on flutter loads whether to consider the shear deformation or not.     

Out-of-plane responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load

For the cases of using the finite curved beam elements and taking the effects of both the shear deformation and rotary inertias into consideration, the literature regarding either free or forced vibration analysis of the curved beams is rare. Thus, this paper tries to determine the dynamic responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load using the curved beam elements. By taking account of the effect of shear deformation and that of rotary inertias due to bending and torsional vibrations, the stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of the curved beam element were obtained from the force–displacement relations and the kinetic energy equations, respectively. Since all the element property matrices for the curved beam element are derived based on the local polar coordinate system (rather than the local Cartesian one), their coefficients are invariant for any curved beam element with constant radius of curvature and subtended angle and one does not need to transform the property matrices of each curved beam element from the local coordinate system to the global one to achieve the overall property matrices for the entire curved beam structure before they are assembled. The availability of the presented approach has been verified by both the existing analytical solutions for the entire continuum curved beam and the numerical solutions for the entire discretized curved beam composed of the conventional straight beam elements based on either the consistent-mass model or the lumped-mass model. In addition to the typical circular curved beams, a hybrid curved beam composed of one curved-beam segment and two identical straight-beam segments subjected to a moving load was also studied. Influence on the dynamic responses of the curved beams of the slenderness ratio, moving-load speed, shear deformation and rotary inertias was investigated.     

基于一种广义梁理论的弹性地基FGM简支梁自由振动解析解

基于一种扩展的n阶广义剪切变形梁理论(n-GBT),应用Hamilton原理,建立了以轴向位移、横向位移及转角为未知函数的Winkler-Pasternak弹性地基功能梯度材料(FGM)梁的自由振动方程,采用Navier法获得了弹性地基FGM简支梁自由振动的精确解。与多种梁理论预测结果进行比较,讨论并给出了GBT阶次n的理想取值;分析了梯度指标、跨厚比及地基刚度对FGM梁频率的影响。结果表明:本文方法有效且适用范围广,若采用高阶剪切梁理论模型,宜取n≥3的奇数;FGM梁的自振频率随材料梯度指标的增大而减小;随跨厚比的增加而增大,但当跨厚比大于20,跨厚比增加对频率的影响很小;随地基刚度的增加而增大,地基刚度足够大时,频率趋于收敛。     

弹性曲梁在机械和热载荷共同作用下的几何非线性模型及其数值解

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁的几何非线性理论,建立了弹性曲梁在任意分布机械载荷和热载荷共同作用下的几何非线性静平衡控制方程。该模型不仅计及了轴线伸长,同时也精确地考虑了梁的初始曲率对变形的影响以及轴向变形与弯曲变形之间的相互耦合效应。应用打靶法数值求解了半圆形曲梁在横向均匀升温作用下的非线性弯曲问题,数值比较了轴向伸长对曲梁变形的影响。     

Dynamic response of beams on generalised elastic foundations

Dynamic responses of beams on generalised elastic foundations is studied using the method of Initial parameters. The foundation model proposed by Vlasov and Leontev is modified by incorporating in the analysis the horizontal displacements in the elastic foundation thus making it more general and physically close to the actual situation. Results are compared with those reported by Rades, using Pasternak's foundation model and Winkler's model. The insufficiency of the Winkler's model in the study of dynamic responses (mainly the bending moments) is emphasized. Solutions presented are quite general for application to beams on generalised elastic foundations subjected to arbitrary external dynamic loads and (or) moments.     

Solution of generalized coordinate for warping for naturally curved and twisted beams

A theoretical method for static analysis of naturally curved and twisted beams under complicated loads was presented, with special attention devoted to the solving process of governing equations which take into account the effects of torsion-related warping as well as transverse shear deformations. These governing equations, in special cases, can be readily solved and yield the solutions to the problem. The solutions can be used for the analysis of the beams, including the calculation of various internal forces, stresses, strains and displacements. The present theory will be used to investigate the stresses and displacements of a plane curved beam subjected to the action of horizontal and vertical distributed loads. The numerical results obtained by the present theory are found to be in very good agreement with the results of the FEM results. Besides, the present theory is not limited to the beams with a double symmetric cross-section, it can also be extended to those with arbitrary cross-sectional shape.     

Timoshenko-Euler楔形梁有限元

本文首先建立楔形梁包含轴力和剪切变形效应的平衡微分方程，由于该方法是二阶变系数微分方程，其争析解很难得到，本文通过将该方程中的变系数和方程的解用Chebyshev多项式逼近得到了Timoshenko-Euler楔形梁的单元刚度方程，最后通过算例检验了所得单元刚度方程的对称性，以及验证了计算悬臂梁挠度和悬臂柱弹性临界力的正确性及其收敛性，本文提出的方法可适用于任意变截面Timoshenko-Euler梁单元刚度方程的求解，运用此方法，除可以考虑轴力和剪切变形的影响外，还可以减少结构分析中的单元数和自由度，提高包含楔形构件的结构分析的精度和速度。     

横向荷载作用下弹性地基上梁的主共振分析

基于Winkler地基模型及Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,建立了弹性地基上有限长梁的非线性运动方程.运用Galerkin方法对运动方程进行一阶模态截断,并利用多尺度法求得该系统主共振的一阶近似解.分析了长细比、地基刚度、外激励幅值和阻尼系数等参数对系统主共振幅频响应的影响,然后通过与非共振硬激励情况对比分析主共振对其动力响应的影响.结果表明:主共振幅频响应存在跳跃和滞后现象;阻尼对主共振响应有抑制作用;主共振显著增大系统稳态动力响应位移.     

刚性环梁支撑圆形基坑支护结构变形解析解

将圆形基坑支护结构视为弹性圆柱壳，利用广义Delta函数和Heaviside函数，基于圆柱薄壳轴对称弯曲变形的控制方程，利用Laplace变换及其逆变换，得到了具有任意数目刚性环梁支撑的圆形深基坑支护结构变形的解析解．在此基础上，以某一圆形基坑工程为背景，分析了基坑底部混凝土底板、支护结构底部边界条件、基坑开挖深度以及支护结构的几何和物理参数等对支护结构变形和内力分布的影响，结果表明：随着基坑半径和挖掘深度的增大，支护结构的位移和内力增大，但随着支护结构厚度的增加，径向位移减小，而内力增加．同时，随着支护结构弹性模量的增加，基坑位移减小，但内力几乎没有变化，这些结果为圆形基坑支护结构设计提供了理论依据和指导．     

Stress intensity factors for cracked homogeneous and composite multi-channel beams

The homogeneous and composite multi-channel beams are a typical three-dimensional infinite boundary problem. For the cracks in such structures, a very simple method to determine the stress intensity factors has been proposed by using a new concept of the crack surface widening energy release rate and the principle of virtual work. This kind of the energy release rate can be defined by the curved surface integral and the work done by the external loads. From the present discussions a series of the stress intensity factors are derived for the channel and multi-channel beams. Additionally, the stress intensity factor for the cracked T beam can be evolved from the present results for multi-channel beams.     

部分共同作用组合梁单元刚度矩阵改进

以钢-混凝土组合梁平衡微分方程的齐次解作为组合梁单元的位移函数，取消了 要求单元两端滑移量为零的假定,给出了钢、混凝土和弹性夹层合而为一的组合梁单元刚度矩 阵和等效节点荷载，为更好地分析由组合梁组成的复杂结构提供了有力的分析工具.     

基于绝对节点坐标法的弹性线方法研究

相比于浮动坐标系法, 绝对节点坐标法(absolute nodal coordinateformulation, ANCF)在处理柔性体非线性大变形问题上具有显著优势,ANCF将单元节点坐标定义在全局坐标系下,采用斜率矢量代替节点转角坐标, 具有常数质量阵,不存在科氏离心力等优点, 然而弹性力阵为非线性项,其求解将比较耗时且占用资源. 据此, 在弹性力求解方法中,引入弹性线方法(elastic line method, ELM),该方法将格林--拉格朗日应变张量定义在中心线上,采用曲率公式来定义弯曲应变, 转角公式来定义扭转应变.同时采用有限元法对三维柔性梁位移场进行离散,求解梁单元常数质量阵、广义刚度阵、广义力阵,进而得到单元的动力学方程, 通过转换矩阵得到三维梁的动力学方程.接着从理论上指出连续介质力学方法(continuum mechanics method,CMM)和弹性线方法在求解弹性力上的不同点, 并编制动力学仿真软件.最后分别采用连续介质力学方法和弹性线方法对柔性单摆以及履带式车辆的动力学问题进行仿真分析,结果表明:弹性线方法能在保证精度的前提下有效提高计算效率.      

Stability and optimization of a clamped beam elastically restrained against translation on one end resting on Winkler foundation

In this study, stability and bimodal optimization of clamped beam elastically restrained against translation on one end subjected to a constant axially load are analyzed. The beam is positioned on elastic Winkler type foundation. The Euler method of adjacent equilibrium configuration is used in deriving the nonlinear governing equations. The critical load parameters, axial force and stiffness of foundation, are obtained for beam with the unit cross-sectional area.The shape of the beam stable against buckling that has minimal volume is determined by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimality conditions for the case of bimodal optimization are derived. The cross-sectional area for optimally designed beam is found from the solution of a nonlinear boundary value problem. New numerical results are obtained. A first integral (Hamiltonian) is used to monitor accuracy of integration. It is shown that there is the saving in material for the same buckling force.     

Timoshenko curved beam bending solutions in terms of Euler-Bernoulli solutions

Summary  This paper presents the exact relationships between the deflections and stress resultants of Timoshenko curved beams and that of the corresponding Euler-Bernoulli curved beams. The curved beams considered are of rectangular cross sections and constant radius of curvature. They may have any combinations of classical boundary conditions, and are subjected to any loading distribution that acts normal to the curved beam centreline. These relationships allow engineering designers to directly obtain the bending solutions of Timoshenko curved beams from the familiar Euler-Bernoulli solutions without having to perform the more complicated shear deformation analysis. Accepted for publication 26 July 1996     

弹性地基上Euler-Bernoulli梁的热屈曲模态跃迁特性

采用解析方法研究了置于线性弹性地基上的Euler-Bernoulli梁在均匀升温载荷作用下的临界屈曲模态跃迁特性;分别在两端不可移简支和夹紧边界条件下,给出了弹性梁屈曲模态跃迁点的地基刚度值以及屈曲载荷值的精确表达式,并分析了模态跃迁特点.结果表明:随着地基刚度参数值的增大临界屈曲模态通过跃迁点从低阶次向高阶次跃迁;两端简支梁的模态跃迁具有突变特性,而两端夹紧梁的模态跃迁则是一个缓慢变化过程,它是通过端截面的弯矩或曲率的正负号改变实现的.     

Analytical solution of a bilayer functionally graded cantilever beam with concentrated loads

A general two-dimensional solution for a bilayer functionally graded cantilever beam with concentrated loads at the free end is developed. The beam is treated as a nonhomogeneous plane stress problem, and the elastic modulus of each graded layer varies with the thickness as an arbitrary function, respectively, which makes this analytical solution has a wider application than the solutions only considering FGMs as core materials or modeling the face sheets by Euler beam theory. It can be verified the paper’s close solution coincides with the classical one for beams while let the elastic modulus be constants. The methodology presented here could be easily extended to analyze the functionally graded sandwich beams.