光热效应增强的Au/RGO/Na2Ti3O7光催化加氢性能

将典型的光热等离激元石墨烯和纳米金简便地负载在钛酸钠(Na₂Ti₃O₇)载体上, 构建出具有较窄禁带宽度和较高光催化活性的Au/RGO/Na₂Ti₃O₇光热辅助光催化体系. 研究发现, 石墨烯片层与金纳米颗粒在光照下, 通过局域表面等离激元共振效应诱导产生大量的热电子, 以活化反应物并降低反应活化能, 其引发的光热效应还可精准提升光催化体系中反应位点附近的温度, 从而大幅提升光催化反应速率. 通过构建特殊微支结构, 进一步增强了Au/RGO/Na₂Ti₃O₇催化剂对光的捕获, 并限域锚定高表面能催化剂以增强体系的稳定性. 在光热、 光催化的高效协同增强下, Au/RGO/Na₂Ti₃O₇催化剂体系对对硝基苯酚和肉桂醛的加氢反应均表现出增强的光催化活性. 光热辅助下的Au/RGO/Na₂Ti₃O₇光催化剂在对硝基苯酚反应中的转换频率（TOF）值高达54.4 min^-1, 反应活化能显著降低至15.78 kJ/mol, 且其在长效测试中表现出良好的稳定性（4次循环催化后, 转化率的保持率近90%）.     

金纳米颗粒在等离子体共振光催化剂中的作用机理研究

金纳米颗粒在等离子体共振光催化剂中具有多种不同的作用机理。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了氮/碳共掺杂超薄二氧化钛(D-TiO₂)包覆的SiO₂/Au/D-TiO₂三明治型及SiO₂/D-TiO₂核壳纳米结构材料,对金纳米颗粒在含有可见光响应型半导体的等离子体共振光催化剂光催化分解水制氢反应中的作用机理进行了探索。研究结果表明,在该等离子体共振光催化剂的光催化反应过程中,金纳米颗粒同时体现出肖特基效应和等离子体共振效应作用机理,且作用机理与光生载流子的多少以及金纳米颗粒的负载量有关。负载量较低时,金纳米颗粒的作用机理与光生载流子的多少有关。而在高负载量条件下,金纳米颗粒在可见光照射下主要表现出肖特基效应对光催化活性的影响。     

TiO_2分级结构/Ag_3PO_4复合材料的可见光催化性能

制备了具有分级结构的海胆状TiO2纳米材料,并通过原位沉积法将可见光响应的Ag3PO4纳米颗粒沉积到TiO2的纳米分级结构上,合成了具有高效稳定可见光催化性能的系列TiO2分级结构/Ag3PO4复合材料,对比测试了系列材料对罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解性能.结果表明,TiO2分级结构/Ag3PO4复合材料光催化性能明显高于纯相的Ag3PO4光催化剂,同时也明显优于TiO2(P25)/Ag3PO4复合光催化剂,其中分级结构TiO2与Ag3PO4摩尔比为1∶1的复合材料具有最强的光催化性能,在可见光照射6min内可实现RhB的完全脱色.分析结果表明,与纳米颗粒TiO2相比,具有海胆状纳米结构的TiO2可为Ag3PO4的负载提供更多的担载位点,增加TiO2和Ag3PO4的接触面积,进而提升Ag3PO4光激发产生的光生电子-空穴的分离效率.同时在光降解过程中,Ag3PO4表面存在的少量Ag+会逐渐还原成单质Ag0,通过Ag0的等离子体共振效应,可增加对光子的吸收转换能力,从而进一步提高该复合材料光催化降解染料的性能.     

多组分纳米纤维体系中载流子动力学的有效级联调制及其高效光催化产氢性能研究（英文）

利用半导体作为催化剂,将水光催化还原为H₂,为缓解全球能源危机以及环境污染问题提供了一种经济环保的途径。优化调控载流子动力学行为对提高半导体光催化分解水还原为绿色燃料-H₂的活性具有十分重要的意义。目前,基于半导体异质结效应或局域表面等离激元共振的敏化过程来设计和调控半导体基异质结构体系已成为调控载流子动力学行为的一种经典策略。然而,通过精细设计异质结构,合理耦合上述敏化过程,实现载流子动力学的级联调制,从而获得高效的光催化产H₂活性仍然任重道远。在本文中,我们通过原位氧化(g-C₃N₄的剥离和Ag₂S)和还原(Ag)反应,将等离激元Ag纳米颗粒(NPs)和两种不同的半导体Ag₂SNPs和g-C₃N₄纳米片(NSs)组装在电纺TiO₂纳米纤维(NFs)中,形成了一种新型四元异质组分纳米纤维(HNFs)体系。结合时间分辨光致发光光谱,3D时域有限差分模拟以及对照实验,我们...     

基于等离激元热电子调控的全谱光催化产氢增强（英文）

等离激元效应在光催化体系中的集成为实现广谱光吸收提供了一个新的途径,然而等离激元热电子的较低迁移率和不确定扩散方向使得其光催化效率仍较低.等离激元金属与n型半导体接触后,其界面间会形成肖特基结.在特定波长太阳光照射下,等离激元金属将其表面等离子体能量聚集在表面自由电子上,进而产生热电子.当这些热电子具有的能量高于肖特基势垒时,热电子便可注入到半导体导带上.与此同时,半导体上的电子可以通过肖特基接触发生回流,与金属上的空穴复合,进而降低半导体-等离激元金属复合材料的光催化性能.因此,为了提高光催化效率,如何调控等离激元热电子迁移和充分利用等离激元效应是一个重要挑战.本文尝试将"表面异质结"与肖特基结相结合的复合结构,得以有效地调控等离激元热电子的迁移.在该复合结构中,金纳米颗粒和铂纳米颗粒分别作为等离激元吸光单元和助催化剂,集成在TiO_2纳米片表面.其中"表面异质结"是由TiO_2纳米片的两种不同表面晶面所构成,我们选择由{001}和{101}两组晶面组成的TiO_2纳米片作为半导体衬底.该结构中的{001}晶面导带能级高于{101}导带能级,因而电子由高能级的{001}流向低能级的{101}晶面,可以用来引导等离激元热电子从可见光响应的金纳米颗粒向TiO_2进行高效转移.通过巯基丙酸的桥联作用,将等离激元Au纳米颗粒锚定在TiO_2纳米片的{001}晶面上,获得Au-TiO_2{001}样品.另一方面,利用TiO_2纳米片自身光生电荷导向性光沉积,得到与{101}晶面结合形成的Au-TiO_2{101}样品.我们对两组样品进行光电流和光催化产氢实验对比,确认在"表面异质结"诱导下Au-TiO_2{001}样品中Au产生的光生热电子可以更好地注入到TiO_2纳米片导带上.我们进一步通过光沉积Pt纳米颗粒来判定光生电子所能到达的区域,验证了以上结论.与此同时,肖特基结由铂纳米颗粒与TiO_2纳米片所形成,可以促使电子由TiO_2向铂纳米颗粒进行转移,而避免发生向金纳米颗粒的反向迁移,从而在Au-TiO_2体系中实现高效的单向载流子转移.基于该设计,等离激元光催化剂实现了明显改善的全谱光催化产氢性能.本文为全谱光催化的复合结构理性设计提供了一个新的思路.     

AuCu和石墨烯助催化剂协同增强氮化碳的光催化性能

在热解法合成石墨相C₃N₄的基础上,先后采用溶剂热法和共沉淀法将石墨烯和AuCu双金属纳米颗粒负载到C₃N₄表面,得到AuCu/石墨烯/C₃N₄复合光催化剂。采用XRD、IR、BET、TEM、XPS、Absorption、PL、电化学等技术对AuCu/石墨烯/C₃N₄的结构进行分析,并详细评估其在可见光下分解水制氢和还原CO₂的性能。石墨烯的负载可以增加材料的比表面积,促进光生电荷的迁移。AuCu双金属以合金的形式负载于石墨烯/C₃N₄表面,平均粒径3.7 nm。纳米Au的表面等离共振效应能拓宽材料的光谱吸收范围,而第二金属Cu的引入能加速光生电子的分离和传输。因此,石墨烯和AuCu双助催化剂的负载能显著增强C₃N₄的光催化性能。当AuCu的原子比为3:2、AuCu和石墨烯的负载量分别为0.5和1 wt%...     

Ag/TiO2中空纳米纤维光催化材料的制备及表征

以棉花纤维为模板制备了银掺杂的TiO₂中空纳米纤维光催化材料, 利用热重分析(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对该材料的形貌、晶体结构、银的状态等特性进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝(MB)的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了银掺杂的样品Ag/TiO₂在不同光源下的光催化性能. 结果表明, 所制得的Ag/TiO₂材料保留了棉花纤维的形貌, 且表面带有大量的负电荷|该Ag/TiO₂材料在太阳光条件下的光催化性能显著高于同条件下TiO₂和同材料在紫外光条件下的, 如Ag/TiO₂在太阳光下1.5 h可使MB溶液的脱色降解率在95%以上, 在TiO₂上2.5 h时不足60%, 低于Ag/TiO₂上0.5 h的结果|在紫外光条件下Ag/TiO₂ 3 h时脱色降解率仅为35%. 连续重复使用5次时Ag/TiO₂仍能保证MB溶液的脱色降解率在90%以上|该纤维光催化材料易于离心分离去除、再利用. 因此, 以棉花为模板制备的Ag/TiO₂中空纳米纤维催化材料是一种无能耗、无污染、高活性的绿色环保型光催化材料.     

Ag/N-TiO2/SBA-15光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化还原CO2

以钛酸四正丁酯(TB),羧基改性的SBA-15 (COOH/SBA-15),尿素和AgNO3为原料,利用溶剂热及焙烧处理制得Ag/N-TiO₂/SBA-15催化剂. 采用X 射线衍射(XRD),低温N2吸脱附,X 射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS),荧光(PL)光谱,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)和元素分析(EA)等表征. 结果显示：Ag/N-TiO₂/SBA-15样品具有介孔结构,TiO₂以单一的锐钛矿晶型均匀的分散在载体表面,Ag以单质形态沉积在TiO₂表面,N则掺入到TiO₂晶格中,并以取代N(O-Ti-N)和间隙N(Ti-O-N)两种方式共存. Ag/N-TiO₂/SBA-15催化剂中单质Ag既可以捕获光生电子提高量子效率,又促进了TiO₂对可见光的吸收. N掺杂拓宽了TiO₂吸收光谱的吸收范围,并且适量的N掺杂有助于光生电荷的分离,提高了光催化效率. 以光催化还原CO₂为探针反应,考察了催化剂在可见光下的催化活性. 结果表明：Ag/N-TiO₂/SBA-15系列催化剂均表现出了可见光催化还原CO₂性能,发现当Ag的质量分数为2%,N与Ti的物质的量比为3时,催化剂光催化活性最佳,产物甲醇产量高达45.7 μmol·g^-1·h^-1.     

三元Ho3+-TiO2/Bi等离子体复合纤维制备及其可见光催化产氢性能

以电纺Ho³⁺-TiO₂纳米纤维为基质,葡萄糖酸钠为还原剂,采用水热法制备Ho³⁺-TiO₂/Bi等离子体复合纤维光催化剂。 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和瞬时光电流(IP)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光电性能等进行表征。 以三乙醇胺为电子给体,研究了Ho³⁺-TiO₂/Bi光催化分解水产氢的反应过程。 结果表明:在水热过程中,Bi³⁺被葡萄糖酸钠还原成单质Bi纳米颗粒,复合在Ho³⁺-TiO₂纳米纤维表面形成肖特基结。 金属Bi通过局域表面等离子体共振效应结合稀土元素丰富的能级结构和4f电子跃迁特性,对TiO₂进行双重修饰改性,有效提高了TiO₂的光催化活性和稳定性,可见光下产氢速率最大为43.6 μmol/(g·h)。     

二维g-C3N4表面Au粒子尺寸调节的界面电子传输行为及光催化性能

目前,环境污染与能源危机是直接影响着人类生存与发展的两大难题.以半导体材料作为催化剂、太阳能作为驱动力的光催化技术由于具有成本低廉、清洁环保、反应条件温和等优点被认为是解决上述问题最具开发价值的理想方法,并得到科研工作者的广泛研究与关注.近几十年的研究表明,该技术在有机污水处理及光催化还原CO2转化成高能燃料领域均有良好表现.本文采用高温热聚合及酸处理剥离技术,以尿素作为原料,成功制备出薄层二维g-C_3N_4(CN)纳米片材料,并以该材料作为载体及催化主体,通过恒温水浴还原技术在其表面负载不同尺寸的Au纳米粒子,成功制备出一系列Au/CN复合光催化材料.运用系统的表征及测试手段,对所制备的二维光催化材料的晶相结构、化学组分、形貌和表面特征及光电化学特性进行了详细表征与研究,并针对该二维材料表面Au纳米粒子的尺寸效应、表面效应和等离子体共振效应(LSPR)等特性研究了复合材料界面间电子的传输效率与迁移机制.尺寸较小的Au纳米粒子的费米能级到CN导带底端的距离较短,其表面原子比例及缺陷含量较高,有利于Au纳米粒子对光生电子的捕获并抑制电子空穴对的复合.由于LSPR效应,可见光下Au表面可产生大量高能热电子并注入到CN表面,从而抑制光生电子从CN导带到Au表面的传输.三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟结果显示, Au纳米颗粒的尺寸越大,拥有的LSPR效应越强,其表面热电子含量越高,光电子传输抑制现象越强烈.光电化学性能分析(PEC)结果显示,在颗粒分布密度合理的情况下,具有较小尺寸Au纳米颗粒的复合材料内部光生电子空穴对的分离效率越高.光催化实验表明,在Au纳米粒子分布合理的情况下,拥有最小Au纳米颗粒尺寸的3-Au/CN样品表现出最好的光催化活性.在可见光条件下照射30 min,该样品对罗丹明B水溶液(RhB, 10 mg/L)的光降解效率高达92.66%;紫外光条件下照射8h,该样品光催化还原CO_2转化成CO和CH_4的产率分别为77.5和38.5μmol/g,约是纯CN还原性能的6倍和10倍.结合文献报道及上述实验结果,我们提出了一个尺寸影响的光催化作用机制.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).