电子散斑干涉位移场分离技术及其在三维测量中的应用

提供了一种可将离面位移与面内位移分离的三维位移场测量方法.在双光束电子散斑干涉中增加参考光,使这一路参考光为两光束所共用.两束光各自独立地对变形物体进行测量,结合相移技术,可分别得到包含离面和面内位移信息的二幅位相图.只需简单的位相运算就能够将面内位移场与离面位移场分离.在竖直方向上,采用两光束对称照明被测物,直接测量面内位移竖直方向分量.本文将该技术应用到柴油机油泵测量上,得到了油泵的三维位移场.该技术为三维位移场的测量提供了一种新的有效途径,也为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供了新的方法.     

基于优化电子散斑光谱的三维物体测量研究

用激光光束直接照射到测试表面,再用CCD采其变形前后表面散斑颗粒干涉形成的条纹,条纹图解析为测量点的位移量和变形量,进而得到其离面位移,在优化算法的时候采用π位相技术获取另一个π相移的变形条纹图像,将面内位移与离面位移分离,为了消除零级分量,让投影光栅移动1/2个周期.通过Matlab和四步位相算法给出了三维空间模型,得出变形后物体的离面位移数据.实验仿真数据表明其能够稳定地测量物体变形场三维分量,误差较低.     

位移场双曝光散斑片的信号处理

用细氦氖激光束照射物体面内位移双曝光散斑片任一点,在其后可以接收到扬氏条纹图形,此图反映了散斑片被照点所包含的相对应物体面内位移场中对应点处的位移信息。通过对扬氏条纹图形进行分析处理,     

在电子散斑干涉中利用反相位法进行三维变形测量

提出一种可将离面位移与面内位移分离的三维位移计算方法。在双光束电子散斑干涉系统中增加一路参考光,使这一路参考光为两光束所共用。两束光各自独立地对变形物体进行测量,分别计算相位分布,并对其中之一进行反相位计算。理论分析表明,对二路检测光所得到的相位进行相减运算,就能够较好地减少电子噪声的影响,分离面内位移场与离面位移,实现物体变形的三维测量。介绍该方法的原理,并利用典型实验证实了该方法的可行性。     

三维电子散斑干涉载频调制及其在柴油机上的应用

将电子散斑干涉场的三维载波调制技术应用到三维物体变形测量中.用水平方向、竖直方向及垂直试件表面的三路相干光分别照明物体，在水平和竖直方向通过控制反射镜的微小偏转引入载波，实现位移场干涉条纹的调制；利用物体的微小偏转实现离面位移场干涉条纹的调制；结合傅里叶变换法，分别解调出变形场的位相，从而实现了物体三维变形场的精确测量.将该技术应用到柴油机油泵的三维位移测量上，成功测量了油泵的三维位移场.     

基于光学涡旋相移技术的离面位移测量

设计了基于光学涡旋相移技术的离面位移测量实验方案,实现了电子散斑干涉中相移的数字控制.该方法利用输入液晶空间光调制器中的叉形光栅产生涡旋光束,通过涡旋光束绕轴的旋转产生相移;同时,产生的涡旋光束又作为参考光与物光干涉.实验中,在物体发生离面位移前后依次输入四幅叉形光栅,产生相移步长为π/2的涡旋光束,利用CCD获得涡旋光与物光的干涉光场,从而获得离面位移场的包裹相位;再通过解包裹,获得物体离面变形的相位变化.光学涡旋相移法可应用于离面位移测量.     

基于数字图像相关的三维刚体位移测量方法

基于三维位移测量在工程技术领域的必要性和重要性,开展了单摄像机和数字图像相关相结合的三维刚体位移测试方法的研究.基于图像位移场矢量中心和斜率与面内和离面位移的分别对应关系,采用最小二乘拟合法分离图像位移场的常量项与一次项,据此,可实现物体三维位移分量的有效分离.以针孔摄像机成像模型为基础,开展了数值模拟及硅片平移实验,发展了与三维刚体位移对应的散斑图模拟方法,验证了基于仿射变换的相关迭代法的精度和适用性.数值模拟与实验结果验证了数字图像相关方法用于实现物体三维刚体化移重构的可行性和优越性,最大测量误差为5%.     

云纹干涉法面内位移测量的光栅补偿方法研究

分析导致云纹干涉法面内位移和应变测量的根本原因，给出对称入射光路云纹干涉法面内位移计量的基本公式，设计定量补偿面内位移和变形的非对称光栅补偿光路系统。最后证明基准光栅补偿方法的可行性和可靠性。     

光的干涉与衍射

O348.1 2004031650 新型三维位移场测试理论及系统研究=Newly designedexperimental system for 3-D displacement measurement[刊,中]/孙建海(首都师范大学物理系.北京(100037)),王卫宁∥激光杂志.—2003,24(4).—31-33     

斜光轴面内位移测量的数字散斑相关法研究

以工程环境中远距离位移和位移场的光学测量为研究课题,分析了远距离斜光轴成像时,像模糊和成像位置变化对白光数字散斑相关方法产生的影响,给出了这两种影响的误差理论计算公式。提出使用参考测量技术克服斜光轴成像位置变化带来影响,给出一种新的远距离斜光轴高精度测量面内位移的方法,在2～50m处作静载挠度测量,其最大相对误差小于1％,测量精度在实验室环境和工程测量环境中都得到了验证。该方法无需共轴光路的测量环境要求,特别适用于桥梁、高速公路立交桥的静载挠度测量等工程应用。使用高速图像采集卡,该方法可应用于斜光轴动态位移测量,拓展了数字散斑相关方法的应用范围。     

红外图像的各向异性分段高斯滤波

提出了一种各向异性分段高斯滤波,这种方法除了考虑图像的尺度和方向特性外,还根据边缘区域可分特性,使用了分段滤波的方法来进一步解决边缘保持的问题.该方法通过本文所提出的一种图像噪音方差估计模型来确定图像的基准尺度,并由Hermite变换得到其方向角,然后再通过确定高斯模型的轴向比和自适应尺度,使对选择区域的滤波转变为对分段高斯模型的滤波,从而使计算的可靠性得到增强.从仿真结果可以看出,各向异性分段高斯滤波器在噪音去除和边缘保持的综合性能上要优于其他常用的滤波算法.     

涡旋柔性弹簧及组件性能实验研究

本文利用TSL系列弹簧刚度实验仪对用于斯特林制冷机中的单片柔性弹簧及柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究。测试了四种不同尺寸弹簧刚度的动态特性,研究了单片弹簧的轴向刚度、径向刚度以及力矩特性,然后对柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究,指出了不同组合方法下的刚度及弯矩特性,得到的数据可以作为斯特林制冷机设计的参考。     

BEPCⅡ国产500 MHz超导腔运行综述

北京正负电子对撞机二期(BEPCⅡ),国产500 MHz超导腔经过紧张的安装调试于2017年10月正式投入带束流运行。首先对此国产超导腔两次降温调试的相关参数进行了监测和对比分析;其次研究了通过高功率老练的方法改善超导腔的品质因数,并实时监测超导腔老练过程中的辐射剂量;最后对超导腔的带束流运行情况进行了介绍分析。结果表明:BEPCⅡ国产500 MHz超导腔虽然放置了6年,但是状态良好,通过高功率老练能够降低超导腔的辐射剂量,改善其性能,完全满足束流运行要求。     

Magnetic structure of the compensated ferromagnet-multiferroic interface

The magnetic structure of the compensated ferromagnet-multiferroic interface has been considered. The law governing the decrease of distortions of magnetic order parameters with increasing distance from the interface has been found. An expression for the energy of interlayer interaction of magnetic order parameters has been derived, and it has been shown that its magnitude is determined by the exchange interaction. The condition for magnetization switching of the ferromagnetic layer by an electric field applied to the multiferroic layer has been formulated. It has been demonstrated that the magnetoelectric effect and weak ferromagnetism are not prerequisites to the development of electric field-switchable magnetoresistive memory.     

稀土和锕系化合物中重费密子行为

本文采用周期Anderson哈密顿量研究了稀土和锕系化合物中的重费密子行为。对f电子间库仑关联项做了平均场近似并引入自能项反映多体作用的效应。对自能项采用了单格位近似,在准粒子表象中讨论了系统的性质,通过对f电子平均占据数的自洽计算,得到了准粒子有效质量,讨论了形成重费密子的条件,以及相应的磁性的变化,并做了数值计算。所得结果与最近的实验进行了比较。 关键词：     

Specific features of the structure of detonation nanodiamonds from results of electron microscopy investigations

The experimental results of a comprehensive investigation of the structure of detonation synthesis nanodiamonds by electron microscopy methods have been presented. The morphology of diamond nanoparticles has been investigated and the microdiffraction patterns have been analyzed. The method of characteristic fast electron energy loss spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy has been used. The local density of structural components of a nanodiamond (diamond core and fullerene-like shell) has been obtained. The shape of the shell surrounding the nanocrystal has been determined using model calculations. A hypothesis explaining the charging of the nanodiamond surface has been proposed.     

Viscous potential flow analysis of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with mass transfer and vaporization

Viscous potential flow analysis of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with heat and mass transfer has been studied. A dispersion relation has been obtained. Stability criterion is given by a critical value of relative velocity. It has been found that heat and mass transfer has destabilizing effect on relative velocity when lower fluid viscosity is low while it has stabilizing effect when lower fluid viscosity is high. Various graphs have been plotted for relative velocity and growth rate. In statically unstable situation viscosity has stabilizing effect while in statically stable situation it has destabilizing effect.     

2,2-二甲基丁酸的质谱鉴定

采用所相色谱－质谱联用法（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）首次分离鉴定了新合成的２,２－二甲基丁酸合成液,共分离出６个组分,经质谱裂解机理研究,鉴定出里面确含２,２－二甲基丁酸。并对２,２－二甲基丁酸、２,３－二甲基丁酸３,３－二甲基丁酸等结构异构体质 碎裂机理进行了比较。     

Bistability of a “chevron” smectic C* liquid crystal in an external electric field

The system of nonlinear equations describing a surface-stabilized ferroelectric smectic C* liquid crystal in the chevron geometry has been investigated by numerical methods in the framework of the continuum model of liquid crystals. Stable orientational and structural configurations have been studied, and the results obtained have been compared with those derived using simplified models. The height of the potential barrier separating two stable configurations has been determined, and the transition between them under the action of the external electric field has been examined. It has been demonstrated that this effect has a threshold character. The dependence of the threshold field on the film thickness has been analyzed.     

Generalized classical mechanics

Generalized classical mechanics has been introduced and developed as a classical counterpart of the fractional quantum mechanics. The Lagrangian of generalized classical mechanics has been introduced, and equation of motion has been obtained. Lagrange, Hamilton and Hamilton-Jacobi frameworks have been implemented. Oscillator model has been launched and solved in 1D case. A new equation for the period of oscillations of generalized classical oscillator has been found. The interplay between the energy dependency of the period of classical oscillations and the non-equidistant distribution of the energy levels for fractional quantum oscillator has been discussed. We discuss as well, the relationships between new equations of generalized classical mechanics and the well-known fundamental equations of classical mechanics.