超支化聚合物吸附金、铂和钯及化学光谱行为的研究

超支化聚合物在盐酸介质中分离富集金、铂和钯,具有吸附速度快、吸附容量大的特点。将吸附后的树脂灰化,用碳粉、硫酸锶和氧化锆作缓冲剂, 采用发射光谱法同时测定金、铂和钯,选择锆作内标线,直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中,测定简便、快速和准确。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究,以此建立测定金、铂和钯的新方法。金、铂和钯的分析线分别为312.3, 306.5和311.4 nm,内标线选择为310.7 nm的锆,金、铂和钯的线性范围分别为0～0.20%,0～0.40%和0～0.20%。金、铂和钯的检测限分别为0.010%,0.003%和0.003%。用于样品的测定获得了满意结果。     

不同季节的虎杖根茎中8种矿质元素的光谱测定

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法,测定虎杖根茎的K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,zn,Mn,Cu等8种矿质元素的含量。对测定条件进行了实验,选择了最佳电离抑制剂和酸性介质。实验以氯化铯为电离抑制剂,盐酸浓度控制在2％以内,用氯化锶消除磷对Ca的干扰,使吸光值稳定,用标准曲线法进行测定,获得了满意效果。该方法简单、快速、准确,加标回收率为90．5％～108．2％,相对偏差为0．3％～0．7％,适合于植物矿质元素的分析。实验结果表明：虎杖根茎中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中以K,Ca元素含量最高。这与虎杖的药用效果相符。同时,每种元素含量随季节变化而变化,与其生长发育密切相关。     

小尾寒羊胴体不同部位矿物元素的比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收法对小尾寒羊胴体不同部位的Ca,Fe,K,Cu,Zn和Mg等矿物元素的含量进行了分析测定。该法的加标回收率为96.9%—104.2%,RSD值小于2.0%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。研究结果表明：小尾寒羊肉中Ca,Fe,K,Zn和Mg含量丰富,颈肉中Ca的含量最高,肋肉和腰肉中Mg的含量较高,心和肝中Fe的含量较高,心和颈肉中Zn的含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨羊肉中矿物元素的含量与其代谢调节功效的相关性提供科学依据。     

ICP-AES测定铁钕合金中Ho、Er、Tb、Tm、Cu、Mo、Nb等7种杂质元素

采用ICP－AES法同时测定了铁钕合金中Ho、Er、Tb、Tm、Cu、Mo、Nb等7种杂质元素。研究了基体元素铁、主量元素钕、镝、钴、硼对杂质元素的光谱干扰情况；选择了合适的分析线；测定了分析方法的检出限。加入回收率为90．0％－108．0％。方法准确、快速、简便。     

静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统

针对传统光谱偏振成像系统普遍存在的系统结构复杂、需要动态调制、光通量低等问题,提出一种基于静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统,将静态调制偏振探测方法与Savart偏光镜干涉成像原理相结合,可在成像过程中实时获取目标的光谱信息和全部四个Stokes偏振信息。与传统系统相比较,该系统具有无运动部件、无需动态电控调制、没狭缝限制、光通量大等优点。介绍了系统组成和基本原理,搭建了实验装置,实验装置包括二次成像光学系统、偏振调制模块、干涉成像模块、CCD图像采集及数据处理模块等,成像谱段范围为可见光近红外(480~950 nm)。利用实验装置对白板、飞机玩具模型进行了成像实验,验证了该系统的光谱偏振成像数据获取能力。对静态调制的偏振测量精度进行了验证,偏振测量统计误差小于5%。实验结果验证了系统原理的正确性和可行性,获取的光谱偏振成像数据在目标识别、目标分类、遥感探测等方面具有较高的应用价值。     

ICP-AES法测定铁钕合金中主量元素钕及7种杂质元素的研究

用ICP－AES法同时测定了铁钕合金中主量元素钕及Al、Si、Mn、Cr、Mg、Zr、Ca等7种杂质元素。研究了基体元素铁、主量元素钕对杂质元素的光谱干扰,选择了合适的分析线和内标线,测定了分析方法的检出限,回收率为87％－113％。方法准确、快速、简便,结果令人满意。     

ICP—AES同时测定钴酸锂中13个杂质元素

利用全谱直读ICP-AES分析技术,对试样处理方法、元素分析谱线、基体干扰、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,综合确定了最佳实验条件。将钴酸锂试样用硝酸、高氯酸处理后,再用盐酸与硝酸溶解残渣,ICP-AES同时测定铜、铁、镍、锰、铂、铋、铅、金、铝、镉、钯、锡、砷等13个杂质元素。样品加标回收率为85.2%—113.0%,相对标准偏差为1.0%—7.7%。方法操作简便、快速、准确。     

时间频率基准装置的研制现状

时间频率基准装置——铯原子喷泉钟, 在标准时间产生和保持、基础物理研究中发挥了重要的作用. 介绍了铯原子喷泉钟的工作原理, 对影响其性能的各项噪声源和频移项给出了分析, 影响频率稳定度性能的主要因素为Dick 效应相关的原子团装载时间、微波激励源相位噪声和探测激光的频率噪声, 影响频率不确定性能主要频移项为: 黑体辐射频移、冷原子碰撞频移、腔相位分布频移和微波泄露频移; 总结和比较了当前具有先进性能的铯原子喷泉钟采用的技术; 介绍了铯原子喷泉钟的主要应用方向、空间冷原子铯钟的研制情况和光学频率原子钟进展.     

Optical and electrical properties of InGaZnON thin films

The substrate temperature(T_s)and N_2 partial pressure(P_(N2))dependent optical and electrical properties of sputtered InGaZnON thin films are studied.With the increased T_s and P_(N2),the thin film becomes more crystallized and nitrified.The Hall mobility,free carrier concentration(Ne),and electrical conductivity increase with the lowered interfacial potential barrier during crystal growing.The photoluminescence(PL)intensity decreases with the increased Ne.The band gap(Eg)narrows and the linear refractive index(n1)increases with the increasing concentration of N in the thin films.The Stokes shift between the PL peak and absorption edge decreases with Eg.The n1,dispersion energy,average oscillator wavelength,and oscillator length strength all increase with n1.The single oscillator energy decreases with n1.The nonlinear refractive index and third order optical susceptibility increase with n1.The Seebeck coefficient,electron effective mass,mean free path,scattering time,and plasma energy are all Ne dependent.     

大黄鱼肌肉中7种金属元素的原子吸收光谱分析

采用干法分解样品,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了大黄鱼肌肉中、Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cd、Pb的含量。研究了不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件、方法的准确度和精密度。在选定的实验条件下,大黄鱼中各元素间相互不干扰,可在同一份制备液中进行7种元素的分别测定。结果表明,大黄鱼肌肉中Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn含量分别为303.36、1.51、21.98、164.33、1.33μg/g,Cd、Pb未检出。方法加标回收率为93.9%—104.0%,相对标准偏差（n=8）为1.1%—2.5%,测定方法简单易行,方便快捷,结果可靠。     

一种天然正长石的释光特性

应用RGB-3B型热释光仪和BG2003释光谱仪对一种正长石矿物的热释光和选频释光发光曲线进行测定,获得正长石的释光特性。研究表明：天然正长石的三个热释光峰峰温为148,197,310 ℃,辐照一定剂量后,出现197 ℃和263 ℃两个稳定的热释光峰。正长石的峰位温度随着增温速率的减小,向左移动。选频热释光290, 300, 310, 340, 400, 480 nm存在释光响应,选频绿光释光280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 400, 460, 480 nm存在释光响应,400 nm频道的光子计数随剂量的变化具有一定的线性关系,具有辐射剂量计的特性,具备释光测年的应用潜力。     

发射光谱法同时测定钛基复合材料中的镍铁钼锰和硼的研究

研究了用碳粉、碳酸钙、氧化铜和氧化铍作缓冲剂同时测定钛基复合材料中的镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的发射光谱法,选择铍作内标线,不需分离、不需化学处理,直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中,具有简便、快速、准确。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究,从而建立测定镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的新方法。镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的分析线分别为300.36,248.33,315.82,260.57和249.68 nm,内标线选择为铍的298.61 nm,镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的线性范围分别为0.003%～0.30%;0.001%～0.20%;0.003%～0.30%;0.001%～0.20%;0.001%～0.20%。镍、铁、钼、锰和硼的检测限分别0.003%,0.001%,0.003%,0.001%,0.001%,其回收率在95.80%～104.8%范围内,当n=9时,相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%。用于样品的测定取得了满意的结果。     

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) and its bearing on the phylogeny of Auchenorrhyncha

The ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of the leafhopper Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoon is composed of a head containing an acrosome and an elongated nucleus, and a long tail, which consists of a flagellum. The acrosome is conical and invaginated to form a subacrosomal space, and the acrosomal contents are filled with electron-dense tubular substructures. The nucleus is linear and filled with homogeneously condensed chromatin. The centriolar adjunct is parallel to the nucleus and connects the nucleus with the mid-piece/flagellum. The flagellum is formed by a 9+9+2 axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies. The mitochondrial derivatives with an orderly array of peripheral cristae are symmetrical. The accessory bodies are small and slightly elliptical. The end of the axoneme shows progressive loss of microtubules. Comparison of sperm ultrastructure of C. viridis with those of other Auchenorrhyncha families supports the major relationships within Cicadomorpha as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea)).     

Material Studies in a High Energy Spark Gap

The chemical interactions and physical processes occurring in a high energy spark gap with different combinations of gases, electrodes, and insulators were studied. The electrodes studied were graphite and a tungsten-copper composite; the insulators were Lexan and Blue Nylon; and the gases were N2 and SF6. The gas composition was monitored with a mass spectrometer. Spectroscopic techniques were used to observe the arc channel. The electrode surfaces were studied with several surface analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. The breakdown voltage distribution was examined for different material combinations. The plasma chemistry processes involving the gas, electrode, and insulator materials were found to affect the voltage self-breakdown distribution. The detailed surface analysis gave information about the nature of the chemical processes. The presence of Blue Nylon seemed to have a more adverse effect than Lexan and graphite seemed to have a narrower voltage distribution than the tungsten-copper composite.     

一次消解-原子吸收光谱法连续测定蒸馏酒中金属元素

以HNO3与盐酸消解酒样品,原子吸收光谱法连续测定酒样中微量金属元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Pb、Cd的含量。方法线性好,灵敏度高,检出限低,干扰小,样品加标回收率为93.5%—103.6%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,结果令人满意。方法简便、快速,准确度和灵敏度均满足实验要求,在企业中间产品检验中能快速提供监测结果。     

液体粘滞系数测量仪器的研究

粘滞系数的测量是大学物理基础实验,有三种测量方法,其中落球法实验仪器被多数高校实验室认同。针对目前高校实验室粘滞系数测量仪器在仪器维护、测量方法及数据处理等方面存在的问题进行设计。新仪器操作简单,维修快捷,测量结果准确,相对误差为0.13%。     

Determination of effective atomic charge,extra-atomic relaxation and madelung energy in chemical compounds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron and auger transition energies

A new method is proposed for the determination of effective atomic charge, extra-atomic relaxation, and Madelung energy in chemical compounds, based on the experimentally measured energies of X-ray photoelectron and Auger transitions. The method has been applied to solid compounds of the elements from Na to Cl, and to a number of free sulfur-, phosphorus-, silicon-, and chlorine-containing molecules. The experimental energies are represented as consisting of two parts. The first part is determined by the ionization energy of a free ion with a given effective charge, and includes the intra-atomic relaxation. The second part is determined by the Madelung energy and the extra-atomic relaxation. The first contribution is calculated by using the Hartree-Fock method. The effective atomic charges required have been found from the shifts of Kα-lines in the X-ray spectra. The extra-atomic relaxations are obtained as the differences between experimental and theoretical Auger parameters, and the values calculated are the additive functions of ligands of the atom studied. The increments of the additive scheme correlate with the ligand refractions. The effective charges, extra-atomic relaxation energies and Madelung potentials obtained from ESCA and AES data agree well with both calculated and direct experimental results.     

环形压气机叶栅内部分离流结构分析 第一部分:近壁区分离流

1前言随着对叶轮机械研究的深入,叶轮机械内部的真实复杂流动已成为重要的研究课题。认识扩压叶栅内的流动分离和旋涡的发生、发展及相互作用,对于揭示压气机内部流动机制,改善流动结构,提高其喘振裕度,以及发展喘振控制技术都具有重要意义山。尽管人们已进行了许多研究,但尚未完整充分地认识这一复杂现象的物理现象和物理模型。对处在严重流动分离状态下的环形叶栅内部流动的研究就更为少见。本文应用油膜法显示了从约零度到二十几度多个来流攻角下,一大展弦比叶片低稠度环形压气机叶棚的表面流场。进口气流马赫数约为0．1。叶片进…     

ICP-AES测定铜-锌合金中锌及杂质元素砷、铅、锑和铋

采用ICP-AES同时测定铜-锌合金中锌、砷、铅、锑和铋含量,优化了样品溶样条件.方法检出限为0.0003%-0.0012%,回收率为86%-112%,RSD为0.30%-5.17%,测试结果表明,该方法是测定铜锌合金的简单准确快速的方法.     

Mg_2Ge吸收系数和能量损失函数的第一性原理计算

应用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理超软赝势平面波方法系统地计算了Mg_2Ge基态的电子结构、电子态密度、弹性常数以及主要光电性质.计算结果表示Mg_2Ge是一种间接带隙半导体,禁带宽度为0.2136 eV;其价带主要由Ge的4s,4p态电子组成,导带则主要由Mg的3s,3p以及Ge的4p态电子组成;静态介电常数ε_1(0)=25.294;折射率n_0=4.5043;吸收系数最大峰值为396560.9 cm~(-1);通过计算弹性常数解释了Mg_2Ge的脆性;并分析了所计算的Mg_2Ge光电性质和其能带结构,为Mg_2Ge提供了在光电应用领域的理论依据和实验指导.