谱线非均匀展宽条件下原子激发的计算方法

原子吸收谱线展宽对原子光激发有较大的影响.在速率方程理论中人们通常将原子谱线的均匀展宽和非均匀展宽都归于原子谱线的线型函数.本文提出了一种将均匀展宽和非均匀展宽区别处理的原子激发计算方法,并指出当激发光与原子作用时间短于原子热运动平均碰撞时间时,这种区别对待均匀展宽和非均匀展宽的做法是十分必要的.并将文中提出的新方法应用于一个二能级原子跃迁过程的计算,计算结果显示两种方法具有很大差别.     

吸收谱线Doppler展宽对原子多步光电离的影响

原子法激光同位素分离的核心之一是如何高效地将原子激发电离.本文从原子法激光同位素分离的实际情况出发,研究了原子吸收谱线的Doppler展宽对原子电离率的影响.研究中使用的理论工具是原子激发电离的密度矩阵方程,并利用数值计算方法对方程进行求解.研究结果表明:当吸收谱线有Doppler展宽时,在激光参数不变的条件下原子电离率会降低;且当激光功率固定时,存在使原子电离率为最大的线宽值.这与已发表文献中无Doppler展宽时的计算结果有很大不同.为了追求最佳的原子电离效果,在原子法激光同位素分离系统中激光应该尽可能地工作在最佳线宽条件下.如果激光线宽有不可控的随机波动,在技术上让激光线宽略大于最佳线宽更为有利.无论如何控制激光线宽,尽可能地降低原子吸收谱线的Doppler展宽都有利于原子电离率的提高.     

微米气室铯原子自旋噪声谱

利用自旋噪声谱技术研究了无缓冲气体133Cs原子气室的自旋动力学和展宽机制.在宏观原子气室中,自旋弛豫速率失谐频率谱的线型为高斯分布;在空间局域较强的微米气室中,自旋弛豫速率失谐频率谱的线型为洛伦兹分布.实验测量得到的自旋弛豫速率失谐频率谱的展宽约4 GHz,明显大于宏观原子气室中约度强烈依赖于激光相对于原子共振跃迁的频率失谐;在微米气室中,由于较强的均匀展宽,总噪声的失谐频率谱中心处出现明显的凹陷.通过建立简化的物理模型来计算微米气室的展宽机制,在实验与理论中解释了原子的均匀展宽特性.     

激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱特性的实验研究

本文从实验上研究了不同缓冲气体(He,Ar,N2和Air)中激光Al等离子体的时间分辨发射光谱,研究了原子发射谱线的强度和Stark展宽随延时、缓冲气体性质和压力变化的规律.结果表明原子谱线的强度在3μs左右达到最大值,随着延时的增加,谱线的Stark展宽减小,而缓冲气体压力的增大导致谱线的Stark展宽增大,在实验测定的四种缓冲气体中,Ar气体中谱线的Stark展宽最大.     

基于铷原子双光子跃迁的原子谱线展宽机制教学演示

测量原子光谱是揭示微观粒子微观结构与运动规律的重要手段，因而从本科到研究生阶段都会涉及到相关领域的教学，特别是光谱的相关教学。然而，由多普勒效应等引起的非均匀展宽及原子碰撞等引起的均匀展宽极大限制了谱线的分辨精度。在科学技术的发展中，为了获得更高的分辨精度，消除原子谱线的展宽成为重点研究方向。而在相关教学方面，碱金属原子体系由于其优异的能级特性，成为了研究展宽机制的有效途径。而在目前的本科教学中，缺乏除对多普勒展宽以外的多种原子谱线展宽机制的演示。因此，本文利用铷原子5S_1/2→5P_3/2→5D_5/2双光子跃迁谱线，测量改变激光功率、原子池温度等条件下引起的原子谱线半宽变化，验证双光子跃迁的同时，重点演示了原子谱线展宽的机制以及谱线半宽的测量方法。通过本实验，本科生一方面可以掌握原子谱线展宽与双光子跃迁的相关知识，以更深刻地理解了理论知识的内涵，另一方面通过自主搭建实验仪器锻炼了本科生的动手能力，对提升物理专业本科学生的素养尤为重要。本文所展示的实验装置简单，易于搭建，适合课堂演示和实验教学。     

在光腔中利用自然非均匀展宽的原子系综进行光量子态存储

在非对称的光腔中,我们提出了一个利用自然非均匀展宽的原子系综实现高效量子存储方案.在这个存储方案里我们使用了类似于传统光子回声技术中强π脉冲,而不是烧孔技术.这使得我们的方案可以在更多的材料体系中实现.在阻抗匹配的条件下,我们发现进入光腔的光脉冲可以完全被原子系综吸收.而且在光深度很小时,量子存储效率就可以达到1.     

外加静电场下激光诱导等离子体特性的实验研究

在外加静电场下，准分子激光诱导等离子体中Ｍｇ原子５５２．８４、５１６．７３、４７０．３０ｎｍ三条发射谱线展宽的时间分辨特性的实验研究，实验测定结果表明，外加静电场导致了原子发射谱线展宽超过Ｓｔａｒｋ展宽，这种额外展宽的大小在０．１ｎｍ左右，其中４７０．３ｎｍ谱线的加宽和线移最大，采用量子理论计算表明这种额外展宽是由于在外电场中作用下作定向运动的电子与激发态原子碰撞所致。     

激光诱导击穿光谱在核分析实验教学中的应用

为了适应核物理与核分析实验教学的需要,本文将激光诱导激光光谱测量以创新实验的形式引入到核工程类专业实验中.通过将纳秒激光脉冲与不同靶材作用,测量样品中各类元素的LIBS谱线,结合理论分析提取激光等离子体的电子温度和等离子体密度.假设单一元素谱线获得的等离子体密度为混合样品等离子体密度,计算得到未知重元素Fe的原子谱线展宽参数.     

Ar+17和 Ar+16谱线的电子碰撞展宽

利用修改后伦敦理工大学的UCL扭曲波程序, 本文计算了自由电子与原子或离子的碰撞反应矩阵, 以此得到它的散射矩阵和碰撞强度.利用碰撞强度, 研究电子碰撞对辐射谱线影响.具体地, 以Ar⁺¹⁷和Ar⁺¹⁶的α线和β线为例, 计算了不同电子温度和密度下谱线的展宽和位移.     

通过减小碰撞导致的退相干和谱线增宽提高光晶格钟稳定度

在⁸⁷Sr空间光晶格钟原理样机上实验观测了原子碰撞对谱线激发率抑制以及对谱线的展宽，并观测到由非弹性碰撞导致的原子损耗。通过简单地将原子数从6000减小至2000，实现了线宽为1.9 Hz的钟跃迁谱线，并将空间光晶格钟原理样机的稳定度提升至1×10^-15(τ/s)^-0.5。相关实验结果对研究光晶格的多体相互作用对钟跃迁谱线的影响具有重要意义。     

非相干光时延四波混频的多能级理论——非均匀加宽情形

本文将我们建立的非相干光时延四波混频(TDFWM-IL)的多能级理论由均匀加宽情形发展到非均匀加宽情形,得到吸收带同时存在均匀和非均匀加宽时,TDFWM-IL多能级理论给出的信号强度随两束泵光相对延时的一般关系式,讨论非均匀加宽占绝对优势时,非相干光光子回波的多能级理论结果,及其与二能级理论结果的差异,论证等效二能级模型同样适用于近似分析存在非均匀加宽影响时,吸收带TDFWM-IL的实验结果,报道在红宝石零声子线和甲酚紫固体膜吸收边上的实验结果,并与上述理论做了比较。     

Resonant acousto-optical interaction under realistic conditions of a broadened absorption line

A theory of the resonant acousto-optical interaction has been constructed for spectral line broadening of arbitrary character. Account is taken of the strongest of the mechanisms of resonant photoelasticity, associated with the potential-deformation interaction of light and sound. It is shown that when inhomogeneous broadening is present the maximum efficiency of the acoustooptical interaction over the optical absorption length is not not reached at exact resonance, as in the case of homogeneously broadened lines, but at some separation from it, at a distance of about the half-width of the absorption line. It is shown that a combined study of the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optical interaction and the optical absorption coefficient at near-resonant frequencies would make it possible to obtain information on the contributions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening in a real resonance and thus assess the quality of the material. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1354–1357 (August 1997)     

Stability criteria for lasers with mixed line broadening

The stability criteria governing the behaviour of laser oscillators are becoming increasingly well understood, and it is found that for practical applications two types of criteria must usually be distinguished. For lasers in the inhomogeneous limit these two types are essentially equal, and this study explores their behaviour as the degree of inhomogeneous broadening is varied. All lasers exhibit a combination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening, and the graphical results presented here may be used for predicting or interpreting single-mode instabilities in practical oscillators with arbitrary mixed line broadening.     

Features of the shape of Raman spectra of disordered ferroelectrics

A theory of the shape of the first-order Raman scattering (FORS) line is developed in which nonlinear and correlation effects in inhomogeneous broadening and the dynamic mechanism of homogeneous broadening are taken into account. It is shown that the FORS band generally has two peaks and that the shape of the low-frequency peak is determined by homogeneous broadening. Our theory provides an explanation for the features of the observed FORS band of the hard TO ₂ mode in KLT and KTN with various concentrations of Li and Nb ions.     

Influence of disorder on microcavity polariton linewidths

Polariton linewidths have been measured in a series of microcavities with different excitonic and cavity inhomogeneous broadening in the weak-disorder regime. We show experimentally that the behaviour of the polariton linewidths as a function of the detuning depends on the asymmetric line shape of an inhomogeneously broadened exciton line and particularly the disorder effect can be modulated and cancelled around resonance. When the disorder contribution is minimal, the behaviour of the cavity polariton linewidths tends to one of the homogeneous broadening system.     

Experimental investigation of the oscillator strength of the exciton transition in GaAs single quantum wells

A technique that makes it possible to investigate the mechanisms of phase relaxation of excitons in GaAs single quantum wells has been developed using resonant reflection spectroscopy. The dependence of the oscillator strength of the exciton transition on the quantum well thickness has been measured in the thickness range 9.1–30.0 nm. It has been demonstrated that the oscillator strength with a high accuracy does not depend on the temperature in the range 8–90 K. The temperature dependence of the homogeneous broadening has been measured, and the inhomogeneous broadening of the resonance exciton line has been determined. A nonmonotonic dependence of the spectral broadening of the exciton line on the intensity of the resonant excitation at a temperature of 8 K has been revealed for the sample with a high-quality quantum well. It has been established that an increase in the excitation level by five orders of magnitude above the linear limit leads to an insignificant change in the oscillator strength of the exciton transition and to a multiple broadening of the spectral line profile.     

Broadening mechanisms for the adsorbate-induced resonance in the Na/Cu(1 1 1) and Cs/Cu(1 1 1) systems

Adsorption of alkali atoms on the (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) noble metal surfaces has been shown recently to induce long-lived resonances located inside the surface projected band gap. However, the width of these resonances, as it appears in two-photon photo-emission experiments, is much larger than the inverse of their lifetime. We report on a theoretical study of some broadening mechanisms of these resonance lines in the Na/Cu(1 1 1) and Cs/Cu(1 1 1) systems at low coverage, including the homogeneous natural line broadening and the inhomogeneous statistical broadenings due to the distribution of adsorption heights associated to the quantal vibration of the alkali adsorbate and to the lateral disorder of alkali adsorption on the surface. The inhomogeneous mechanisms are shown to induce a very large broadening of the resonance line, in quantitative agreement with experimental results. The most important broadening effect appears to be the effect of the distribution of alkali adsorption heights.     

Ultraslow light propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened rare-earth ion-doped crystal

We show that coherent population oscillations effect allows us to burn a narrow spectral hole (26 Hz) within the homogeneous absorption line of the optical transition of an erbium ion-doped crystal. The large dispersion of the index of refraction associated with this hole permits us to achieve a group velocity as low as 2.7 m/s with a transmission of 40%. We especially benefit from the inhomogeneous absorption broadening of the ions to tune both the transmission coefficient, from 40% to 90%, and the light group velocity from 2.7 m/s to 100 m/s.     

EPR and NMR line shapes in disordered ferroelectric crystals

A theory is developed for the magnetic resonance line shape in disordered ferroelectric crystals. In a study of the random fields responsible for inhomogeneous line broadening, nonlinear and spatial correlation effects are taken into account. It is shown that homogeneous broadening depends on the temperature and on the magnitude and orientation of the external magnetic field, as well as on the nonlinearity parameters of the ferroelectric material. The resonance line shape is calculated as the envelope of homogeneously broadened Lorentzian spin packets. Analytic expressions for I ₂(ω) and I ₃(ω) are introduced to account for nonlinearity and correlation effects of second and third order, respectively. Calculations are done for centrally symmetric crystals, as well as for those without a center of symmetry. It is shown that homogeneous broadening is important near the line peak, while the wings are determined mainly by inhomogeneous broadening. Manifestations of the predicted effects in the spectrum lines of disordered ferroelectric crystals are discussed. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 340–347 (February 1998)     

Experimental investigations on gain and maximum output of the He-Ne laser

The influence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening on gain saturation, optimum decoupling and output power of the He-Ne laser is investigated experimentally. It is shown that both types of broadening are present, and that the output power is essentially determined by the homogeneous part if the gas pressure is chosen for maximum output. Experimental results are obtained forλ=0.633 μ andλ=1.15 μ and tubes of different diameters and lengths.