气相色谱/质谱法检测灰尘、土壤和沉积物中有机磷酸酯

本研究对实验过程中可能存在的污染源进行了定性筛查,采用不同的质控措施以降低实验过程中的背景污染。在严格的质控措施下研究了不同净化方法对样品中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的净化效果,建立了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)检测灰尘、土壤和沉积物中7种主要OPEs的分析方法。以正己烷-二氯甲烷(1∶1,V/V)混合溶剂超声提取灰尘样品,以正己烷-丙酮(1∶1,V/V)索氏抽提土壤和沉积物样品中的待测组分,灰尘样品经一步固相萃取柱净化,土壤和沉积物样品经两步串联固相萃取柱联合净化后采用气相色谱/质谱进行定量。结果表明:采用上述净化手段,实验过程省时省力,基质去除率高,7种OPEs的回收率可稳定在67%以上。在高、低2个添加浓度水平下,不同基质样品(灰尘、土壤)中平均回收率为67.9%~117.4%;仪器检出限(LOD)为2.5~25.8μg/L,方法定量限(LOQ)分别为1.4~15.7 ng/g(灰尘)和0.3~2.9 ng/g(土壤)。采用此方法检测6份实际样品(包括2份灰尘样品、2份土壤样品、2份沉积物样品),OPEs在所有样品中均有检出,其浓度范围分别在1313~1988 ng/g、29.9~32.0 ng/g和682~739 ng/g之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中6种有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂和增塑剂

采用C18固相萃取小柱富集环境水样中6种常见的有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂和增塑剂,经气相色谱/质谱(选择离子扫描模式)检测,内标法定量,优化了固相萃取和气相色谱质谱检测参数。磷酸三(丁氧乙基)酯二次回归相关系数大于0.999,定量限为32ng/L。其余磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯和磷酸三苯酯5种有机磷酸酯组分在10~800μg/L浓度范围线性相关系数大于0.999,定量限介于1.1~4.1ng/L。纯水加标样品中6种组分回收率范围为73%~112%,相对标准偏差范围为1.2%~12.9%。应用该方法分析了太湖、长江和自来水样品,均检出多种有机磷酸酯组分,且太湖中浓度水平高于长江。实际样品中6种组分的加标回收率范围为83%~146%,相对标准偏差范围为0.9%~15.1%。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中禁用的9种有机磷阻燃剂

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)对纺织品中9种禁用有机磷阻燃剂:磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、三-(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯(TRIS)、三-(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)、三-(邻甲苯基)磷酸酯(TOCP)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、2,2-二(氯甲基)-1,3-丙二醇双[双(2氯乙基)]磷酸酯(V6)、磷酸叔丁基二苯酯(MDPP)、磷酸苯基(二叔丁基苯基)酯(DBPP)和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的检测方法。在40℃条件下,以丙酮为溶剂超声萃取30 min,溶液经过滤后进行UPLC-MS/MS检测。在所确定的色谱条件下,线性范围为0.005~10 mg/L,回收率为83.1%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为5.4%~9.7%,检出限为0.06~25μg/L(S/N=3)。     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱法测定设施菜地土壤中有机磷酸二酯类化合物北大核心CSCD

有机磷酸二酯(Di-OPEs)被认为是有机磷酸三酯的生物或非生物降解产物。该研究基于超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)建立了设施菜地土壤中磷酸二(2-氯)乙酯(BCEP)、磷酸二(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯(BDCP)、磷酸二正丁酯(DnBP)、磷酸二苯酯(DPhP)和磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)5种Di-OPEs的定性定量分析方法。首先,土壤样品以甲醇为提取溶剂,超声提取,选择Oasis WAX固相萃取柱进行净化,用8 mL含5%(v/v)氨水的甲醇溶液洗脱,洗脱液浓缩定容后,应用Thermo Accucore RP-MS色谱柱,以甲醇-0.2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行分离,采用UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS测定,质谱分析采用电喷雾负离子模式电离,在全扫描模式下检测。在优化的分析检测条件下,5种Di-OPEs的检出限为0.001~0.047 ng/g,定量限为0.004~0.156 ng/g。5种Di-OPEs的标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.998 5~0.999 9。在5.0、25.0、50.0 ng/g的添加条件下,3种加标水平的回收率为56.9%~133.0%,相对标准偏差为4.4%~18.9%。应用建立的方法对采集的16个设施菜地土壤样品进行分析,结果显示设施菜地土壤中5种Di-OPEs的含量为2.53~6.94 ng/g,所有样品中Di-OPEs的检出率均高于60%。其中,DnBP是设施菜地土壤中的主要污染物,含量范围为1.37~3.20 ng/g,占Di-OPEs总含量的23.4%~68.8%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重复性良好,适用于设施菜地土壤中Di-OPEs的测定,也为今后开展设施菜地土壤中Di-OPEs的环境行为和人体暴露研究提供可靠的技术支持。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定儿童玩具中氯系有机磷酯类阻燃剂

建立了超声辅助萃取技术提取,高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定玩具中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯和磷酸三氯丙酯3种氯系有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂的分析方法,并考察了萃取溶剂、萃取时间和不同流动相对实验体系的影响。结果表明,以丙酮为萃取溶剂,萃取时间为25 min,水(含0.05%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,利用SIM模式定量分析时,三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯和磷酸三氯丙酯的浓度分别在1.0~500、10~500、10~500μg/L范围内与峰面积成正比,相关系数大于0.997,其定量下限分别为0.5、8.0、6.0μg/kg。加标回收率为83.4%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~7.7%。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于市售塑料和毛绒儿童玩具样品的测定。     

C_(18)膜萃取/液相色谱-质谱联用法测定极地水体中有机磷酸酯

建立了C_(18)膜萃取/液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定极地水体中10种有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的方法。根据优化后的样品前处理及仪器方法,利用C_(18)膜富集4 L水体中的10种OPEs,经二氯甲烷超声提取,在电喷雾正离子模式下,采用选择反应监测(SRM)模式进行分析,线性相关系数为0.994 4~0.999 9。10种OPEs的加标回收率为64.1%~115%,方法检出限为0.08~0.55 ng/L。该方法适用于极地水体中10种OPEs的分析,利用该方法对北极水体样品中的10种OPEs进行检测,测得冰川融水中∑OPEs的质量浓度为0.64~6.64 ng/L,海水中∑OPEs的质量浓度为0.09~2.03 ng/L。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定医用口罩中有机磷酸酯

该研究优化了医用口罩样本中16种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的萃取和净化前处理过程,建立了超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）测定方法。样本经甲醇超声萃取后,采用ENVI－18固相萃取小柱净化,最终使用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱以5 mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液－甲醇为流动相进行分离,采用UPLC－MS/MS测定,内标法定量。结果表明,16种OPEs在0.1～50 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r > 0.995）,方法检出限为0.004 60～1.03 ng/dm2,定量下限为0.015 2～3.43 ng/dm2,加标回收率为68.8%～140%,相对标准偏差为0.70%～18%。采用所建立的方法对42个医用口罩中16种OPEs进行测定,其总浓度为6.60～2 387 ng/dm2,其中12种OPEs的检出率高于50%,表明这些OPEs在医用口罩中普遍存在。磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）和磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCIPP）为主要的OPEs,浓度分别为0.131～2 274 ng/dm2和0.370～79.8 ng/dm2。整体上OPEs的浓度均较低,推测口罩样本中的OPEs可能是生产和包装过程中受空气或塑料包装污染所致。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水体和沉积物中12种有机磷酸酯类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合固相萃取和液液萃取方法检测水体和沉积物中12种磷酸酯类(OPEs)化合物残留的方法.水样样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集,乙酸乙酯洗脱两次,沉积物样品以乙腈超声萃取,旋转蒸发至干,用超纯水稀释后重复水样处理步骤,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)进行分离,以0.2%甲酸-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子MRM监测模式,外标法定量分析.水样中,12种OPEs在0.05、0.10和0.50 μg/L加标水平下,除TMP (28.5%~47.8%)和TEHP (22.4%~73.8%) 外,其余目标化合物的平均回收率为66.4%~115.0%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~9.1%,方法定量限(MOQ)为0.001~0.050 μg/L;沉积物中,在5、10和50 μg/kg加标水平下,除TMP(35.7%~44.9%)、TCEP (31.2%~48.9%)外,其余目标化合物的平均回收率为65.9%~120.0%,相对标准偏差为0.01%~9.5%,方法定量限(MOQ)为0.02~2.0 μg/kg(dw).基于上述方法对太湖水样和沉积物样品中目标化合物定量检测分析,∑OPEs含量分别为0.1~1.7 μg/L和8.1~420 μg/kg dw.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定沉积物中有机磷酸酯

比较了不同提取方法、净化方法对沉积物样品中有机磷酸酯(Organophosphate esters,OPEs)的富集、净化效果,建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测沉积物中8种OPEs的分析方法.用20 mL正己烷-丙酮混合液(1∶1,V/V)、涡流振荡+超声提取两次,Florisil固相萃取柱净化、8 mL乙酸乙酯洗脱,浓缩后将溶剂置换成正己烷,采用DB-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm ×0.25 μm)进行分离,质谱检测器在选择反应监测模式(SRM)下进行分析,内标法定量.结果表明,此前处理方法操作简单、溶剂耗量少;在3个添加浓度水平下,OPEs(除TEP外)的回收率在80％～ 120％之间,检出限为0.31 ～ 65 ng/L,且有良好的精密度与准确度.     

自制混合型小柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中有机磷酸酯代谢物和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷

建立了基于自制混合型小柱的样品净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定7种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）主要代谢产物及生物标志物8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取后用自制小柱富集净化,以乙腈-0.2%（v/v）氨水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测模式下进行定性和定量分析。结果显示,8种目标物在0.1~200 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,7种OPEs代谢物的回收率为52.36%~114.56%,8-OHdG回收率为88.63%~97.72%。将该方法应用于人体尿液实际样品中,7种OPEs代谢物和8-OHdG的检出范围分别为6.24~46.07 μg/L和5.90~16.71 μg/L,8-OHdG与7种OPEs代谢物总含量之间存在显著相关性。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、准确性好、重现性强,可为更全面地评价人体内OPEs暴露水平及机体损伤提供可靠的技术支持。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.