溶剂萃取原子吸收法连续测定地质样品中的镓、铟、铊

本文较详细地研究了在几种不同浓度,不同酸的介质中,萃取预富集试液中镓、铟、铊的效果,观察了抗坏血酸、氯化钠对镓、铟萃取及吸收峰的影响,拟定出在同一试液中两步萃取原子吸收法连续测定镓、铟、铊的可行性方法。可检出0.05μg/ml铊、0.1μg/ml铟、0.2μg/m镓。实验部分     

微波消解ICP-MS测试锌精矿中的铟和锗

本文提出了锌精矿通过微波消解,上ICP-MS测试得到铟和锗含量的方法。通过对样品分解方式的选择和质谱干扰扣除以及加标回收实验,得到铟的回收率在96.26%-98.70%,锗的回收率在99.6%-101%。通过检出限实验得到铟的检出限为0.001ug/g,锗的检出限为0.02ug/g。验证了本方法的可靠性。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锗精矿中锗量

建立了用硝酸、氢氟酸、磷酸溶解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锗精矿中锗量的方法。试验选择209.426nm作为最优分析谱线,锗的检出限为0.006μg/mL,测定下限为0.020 μg/mL,在磷酸基体匹配的条件下测定,测定范围为1%-15%,与经典碘酸钾滴定法对比,数据一致,相对标准偏差<3%(n=11),加标回收率98%~101%,能够满足快速测定及批量处理锗精矿中1%-15%的锗含量的需求。     

ICP-AES测定废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt、Pd

研究了废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt,Pd的ICP－AES测定新方法。以王水溶解样品，在HCl(5 95)介质中，用工作曲线法对废Al2O3基催化剂中的Pt,Pd直接进行测定，不需进行基体匹配。方法的检出限分别为：Pt 0.1μg/mL，P 0.045μg／mL；样品的加标回收率为Pt 95.2%-105.5%,Pd 95.3%-100.6%;RSD(n=6)均＜9％。     

分光光度法测定稻米及副产品中矿物元素锗

采用分光光度法对稻米及副产品中矿物元素锗进行分析研究。在优化实验条件下,标准曲线回归方程为A=0.012 36C+0.030 39,相关系数r=0.999 6,线性范围为0~7.2μg/mL,方法加标回收率为98.5%~106.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%。结果表明:稻米中锗含量为0.738 2μg/g、米糠中锗含量为3.971 3μg/g、稻秆中锗含量为7.597 9μg/g、稻壳中锗含量为13.644 0μg/g、稻叶中锗含量为14.906 1μg/g。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锌精矿中的铟和锗

提出了通过微波消解法消解锌精矿,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锌精矿中铟和锗含量的方法。对样品进行了分解方式的选择和质谱干扰扣除以及加标回收实验,实验结果表明,铟的加标回收率在96.26%~98.70%,锗的加标回收率在99.60%~101.0%,铟的检出限为0.001μg/g,锗的检出限为0.02μg/g,验证了方法的可靠性。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定虾仁中的钙、镁

建立了快速测定虾仁中钙、镁含量的悬浮液进样－火焰原子吸收光谱法。将虾仁样品烘干、粉碎、过98μm筛后，制成琼脂悬浮液。以La^3 溶液作为释放剂，用工作曲线法测定虾仁样品中钙、镁的含量。钙、镁的线性范围分别为0-200μg/(25mL)、0－30μg/(25mL)，检出限分别为0.056mg/L、0.0046mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.4%，测定结果与在灰化法一致，测定钙、镁的平均相对误差分别为-1.3%、-4.2%。     

分光光度法同时测定鬼针草中锗和钼的含量

采用苯基荧光酮(苯芴酮)-CTMAB分光光度法对鬼针草中锗和钼的含量同时进行了测定。实验表明,锗质量浓度在0~1.1μg/mL、钼质量浓度在0~1.1μg/mL与吸光度呈线性关系。相关系数(r):锗为0.994,钼为0.971。摩尔吸光系数:锗ε514.50=8.29×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钼ε524.50=5.56×104L.mol-1.cm-1。方法检出限:锗为6.08μg/L;钼为12.62μg/L。回收率:锗为100.0%,钼为99.2%。RSD:锗为0.2%,钼为0.2%。     

ICP-MS法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中的镓、锡、锑、铅、铋

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素的含量。以盐酸–硝酸(体积比3∶1)混合酸为消解剂,利用微波消解仪消解样品,以Rh(10μg/L)为内标元素。镓的线性范围为0～50μg/g,锡、锑、铅的线性范围为0～20μg/g,铋的线性范围为0～2μg/g,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.01,0.2,0.1,0.07,0.006μg/g。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准值之间的相对误差在7.7%～22.7%范围内。样品加标回收率为98.2%～108.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.1%～1.5%(n=5)。该方法可以快速、准确地对镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素进行同时测定。     

单扫描极谱法测定果、蔬中有机磷农药残留量

提出了在0．40mol/L氢氧化钠底液中对碱解后的有机磷农药进行单扫描极谱测定的方法。于起始电位－0．30V（vs SCE)进行阴极化扫描时有产生一灵敏导数波,峰电位为－0．53V（vs SCE)。并获得了辛硫磷残留量检测的最佳条件。在此条件下检测有机磷农药的线性范围分别为：辛硫磷0．12－160μg/mL,甲基对硫磷0．5－200μg/mL,水胺硫磷0．20－160μg/mL,甲胺磷0．1－1．0ng/mL,氧化乐果0．09－160μg/mL。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.