Improved Voltammetric Response of L‐Tyrosine on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes‐Ionic Liquid Composite Coated Glassy Electrodes in the Presence of Cupric Ion

L ‐Tyrosine can exhibit a small anodic peak on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). At pH 5.5 its peak potential is 0.70 V (vs. SCE). When an ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [omim][PF₆]) is introduced on the MWCNT coat, the peak becomes bigger. Furthermore, in the presence of Cu²⁺ ion the anodic peak of L ‐tyrosine increases further due to the formation of Cu²⁺‐L ‐tyrosine complex, while the peak potential keeps unchanged. Therefore, a sensitive voltammetry based on the oxidation of Cu²⁺‐L ‐tyrosine complex on MWCNTs‐[omim][PF₆] composite coated electrode is developed for L ‐tyrosine. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic peak current is linear to L ‐tyrosine concentration in the range of 1×10^?8–5×10^?6 M, and the detection limit is 8×10^?9 M. The modified electrode shows good reproducibility and stability. In addition, the voltammetric behavior of other amino acids is explored. It is found that among them tryptophan (Trp) and histidine (His) can also produce sensitive anodic peak under same experimental conditions, and their detection limits are 4×10^?9 M and 4×10^?6 M, respectively.     

Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid Using the Nano‐Gold Self‐Assembled Glassy Carbon Electrode

Electrochemical behavior of dopamine (DA) was investigated at the gold nanoparticles self‐assembled glassy carbon electrode (GNP/LC/GCE), which was fabricated by self‐assembling gold nanoparticles on the surface of L ‐cysteine (LC) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via successive cyclic voltammetry (CV). A pair of well‐defined redox peaks of DA on the GNP/LC/GCE was obtained at E_pa=0.197 V and E_pc=0.146 V, respectively. And the peak separation between DA and AA is about 0.2 V, which is enough for simultaneous determination of DA and AA. The peak currents of DA and AA were proportional with their concentrations in the range of 6.0×10^?8–8.5×10^?5 mol L^?1 and 1.0×10^?6–2.5×10^?3 mol L^?1, with the detection limit of 2.0×10^?8 mol L^?1 and 3.0×10^?7 mol L^?1 (S/N=3), respectively. The modified electrode exhibits an excellent reproducibility, sensibility and stability for simultaneous determination of DA and AA in human serum with satisfactory result.     

L‐Cysteine Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode Bulk‐Modified with Ferrocenedicarboxylic Acid

The electrochemical behavior of L ‐cysteine studied at the surface of ferrocenedicarboxylic acid modified carbon paste electrode (FDCMCPE) in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 8.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteine occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α, and catalytic reaction rate constant, k_h were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteine showed a linear dependent on the L ‐cysteine concentration and linear analytical curves were obtained in the ranges of 3.0×10^?5 M–2.2×10^?3 M and 1.5×10^?5 M–3.2×10^?3 M of L ‐cysteine concentration with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods respectively. The detection limits (3σ) were determined as 2.6×10^?5 M and 1.4×10^?6 M by CV and DPV methods.     

A Sensitive Sensor Based on Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes: Its Preparation,Characterization and Application in the Electrochemical Determination of Drug Clorsulon in Milk Samples

Within this paper, a glassy carbon electrode modified with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs?GCE) was prepared, and employed for the determination of clorsulon (Clo), which is a frequently used veterinary drug against common liver fluke. The comprehensive topographical and electrochemical characterizations of bare GCE and SWCNTs?GCE were performed by atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Significantly enhanced electrochemical characteristics of SWCNTs?GCE toward a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple was observed when compared to bare GCE. Further, the prepared sensor was applied for the voltammetric determination of Clo, which was electrochemically investigated for the first time in this work. Voltammetric experiments were performed using square‐wave voltammetry with optimized parameters in phosphate buffer solution, pH 6.8, which was selected as the most suitable medium for the determination of Clo. The corresponding current at approx. +1.1 V increased linearly with Clo concentration within two linear dynamic ranges of 0.75–4.00 μmol L^?1 (R²=0.9934) and 4.00–15.00 μmol L^?1 (R²=0.9942) with a sensitivity for the first calibration range of 0.76 μA L μmol^?1, a limit of detection of 0.19 μmol L^?1, and a limit of quantification of 0.64 μmol L^?1. The developed method was subsequently applied for quantitative analysis of Clo in milk samples with results proving high repeatability and recovery.     

Study on Diffusion Mechanisms and Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers at the Pre‐anodized Inlaying Ultrathin Carbon Paste Electrode

In this paper, nichrome was adopted as a substrate, to fabricate the pre‐anodized inlaying ultrathin carbon paste electrode (PAIUCPE). The electrochemical behaviors and diffusion mechanisms of three dihydroxybenzene isomers at the electrode were carefully investigated. The effect of pH on oxidation peak current was also detailedly explained. The results were shown that oxidation peak current not only related to the reaction of electroactive materials at the working electrode, but also depended on the reaction variable of reduction at the auxiliary electrode. The oxidation peaks of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and resorcinol (RC) located at 0.181 V, 0.288 V and 0.736 V. For CC, RC and HQ, the oxidation peak currents were linear to the concentrations at the range of 5.0 × 10^?6～5.0 × 10^?4 mol/L, 3.0 × 10^?6～5.0 × 10^?4 mol/L and 4.0 × 10^?6～4.0 × 10^?4 mol/L with the detection limits of 2.0 × 10^?7 mol/L, 1.2 × 10^?7 mol/L and 1.2 × 10^?7 mol/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in artificial sewage samples with satisfactory results.     

Study on Electrocatalytic Oxidation of L‐Cysteine at Glassy Carbon Electrode by (FcM)TMA and Its Electrochemical Kinetics

The electrocatalytic oxidation of L ‐cysteine by (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium at a glassy carbon electrode in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution has been studied. The rate constant for the catalytic reaction was evaluated as (4.28±0.05)×10³ M^?1 s^?1 by chronoamperometry. Experimental conditions, which maximize the current efficiency of the electrocatalytic oxidation, such as pH value and the concentration of the catalyst, were also investigated. The experimental results of electrocatalytic kinetics of L ‐cysteine oxidation on GCE in the presence of (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium obviously support the reaction mechanism proposed and the rate determining step assumed in scheme described in this work.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteic Acid at the Surface of p‐Bromanil Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

The electrochemical properties of L ‐cysteic acid studied at the surface of p‐bromanil (tetrabromo‐p‐benzoquinone) modified carbon paste electrode (BMCPE) in aqueous media by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteic acid at the surface of BMCPE occurs at a half‐wave potential of p‐bromanil redox system (e.g., 100 mV vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat), whereas, L ‐cysteic acid was electroinactive in the testing potential ranges at the surface of bare carbon paste electrode. The apparent diffusion coefficient of spiked p‐bromanil in paraffin oil was also determined by using the Cottrell equation. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteic acid exhibits a linear dependency to its concentration in the ranges of 8.00×10^?6 M–6.00×10^?3 M and 5.2×10^?7 M–1.0×10^?5 M using CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (2σ) were determined as 5.00×10^?6 M and 4.00×10^?7 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was used as a new, selective, rapid, simple, precise and suitable voltammetric method for determination of L ‐cysteic acid in serum of patient's blood with migraine disease.     

Electrocatalytic Characteristics of Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in the Oxidation and Determination of L‐Cysteine

The electrochemical behavior of L ‐cysteine studied at the surface of ferrocenecarboxylic acid modified carbon paste electrode (FCMCPE) in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteine is occurs at a potential about 580 mV less positive than that an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α and catalytic reaction rate constant, K′_h were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteine showed a linear dependent on the L ‐cysteine concentration and linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges of 10^?5 M–10^?3 M and 4.1×10^?8 M–3.7×10^?5 M of L ‐cysteine concentration with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods respectively. The detection limits (2δ) were determined as 2.4×10^?6 M and 2.5×10^?8 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also examined for determination of L ‐cysteine in some samples, such as Soya protein powder, serum of human blood by using recovery and standard addition methods.     

Sensitive Voltammetric Response of p‐Nitroaniline on Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube‐Ionic Liquid Gel Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

An ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIMPF₆)‐single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) gel modified glassy carbon electrode (BMIMPF₆‐SWNT/GCE) is fabricated. At it the voltammetric behavior and determination of p‐nitroaniline (PNA) is explored. PNA can exhibit a sensitive cathodic peak at ?0.70 V (vs. SCE) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution on the electrode, resulting from the irreversible reduction of PNA. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current is linear to PNA concentration over the range of 1.0×10^?8–7.0×10^?6 M, and the detection limit is 8.0×10^?9 M. The electrode can be regenerated by successive potential scan in a blank solution for about 5 times and exhibits good reproducibility. Meanwhile, the feasibility to determine other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with the modified electrode is also tested. It is found that the NACs studied (i.e., p‐nitroaniline, p‐nitrophenol, o‐nitrophenol, m‐nitrophenol, p‐nitrobenzoic acid, and nitrobenzene) can all cause sensitive cathodic peaks under the conditions, but their peak potentials and peak currents are different to some extent. Their peak currents and concentrations show linear relationships in concentration ranges with about 3 orders of magnitude. The detection limits are 8.0×10^?9 M for p‐nitroaniline, 2.0×10^?9 M for p‐nitrophenol, 5.0×10^?9 M for o‐nitrophenol, 5.0×10^?9 M for m‐nitrophenol, 2.0×10^?8 M for p‐nitrobenzoic acid and 8.0×10^?9 M for nitrobenzene respectively. The BMIMPF₆‐SWNT/GCE is applied to the determination of NACs in lake water.     

In Vivo Monitoring of the Thiols in Rat Striatum by Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection at a Functionalized Multi‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode

A new chemically modified electrode (CME) was fabricated, which was based on the immobilization of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes fuctionalized with carboxylic group (MWNT‐COOH). The results indicated that the CME exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation for L ‐cysteine and glutathione with relatively high sensitivity, stability and long‐life. Coupled with HPLC, the MWNT‐COOH CME was utilized for amperometric detection of the thiols. The peak currents of L ‐cysteine and glutathione were linear to their concentrations ranging from 3.0×10^?7 to 1.0×10^?3 mol/L with the calculated detection limit (S/N=3) of 1.2×10^?7, 2.2×10^?7 mol/L, respectively. The method had been successfully applied to assess the contents of L ‐cysteine and glutathione in rat striatal microdialysates.     

The Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Thymine at α‐Cyclodextrin Incorporated Carbon Nanotube‐Coated Electrode

Electrocatalytic oxidation of thymine at α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) incorporated carbon nanotube‐coated electrode (CNT/CE) was thoroughly studied in alkaline media. CNT showed an electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of thymine, formation of a supramolecular inclusion complex between α‐CD and thymine at CNT/CE further enhanced the sensitivity to thymine. The electrocatalytic behavior was further developed as a sensitive detection scheme for thymine by differential pulse voltammetry. A linear calibration over the concentration range from 2.5×10^?5 to 1.8×10^?3 mol/L in pH 10.8 NaHCO₃‐Na₂CO₃ buffer solution was obtained with a detection limit of 5×10^?6 mol/L.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Acyclovir on Poly(p‐Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Acyclovir is an antiviral effective drug active compound. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with an electropolymerized film of p‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid (p‐ABSA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The polymer film‐modified electrode was used to electrochemically detect acyclovir. Polymer film showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of acyclovir. The anodic peak potential value of the acyclovir at the poly(p‐ABSA) modified glassy carbon electrode was 950 mV obtained by DPV. A linear calibration curve for DPV analysis was constructed in the acyclovir concentration range 2×10^?7–9×10^?6 mol L^?1. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 5.57×10^?8 and 1.85×10^?7 mol L^?1 respectively. The proposed method exhibits good recovery and reproducibility.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Chromium Hexacyanoferrate/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite and Its Biosensing for L‐Cysteine

This work describes the electrochemical properties of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with chromium(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Crhf) nanoparticles attached multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNTs). The morphological characterization of Crhf/MWNTs nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR). The electrocatalytic activity of these nanocomposites was investigated and showed a good electrocatalytic effect for oxidation of L ‐cysteine (L ‐Cys) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0). Under optimum conditions linear calibration graphs were obtained over the L ‐Cys concentration range 5.0×10^?7 to 6.0×10^?5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and a detection limit (signal‐to‐noise ratio was 3) of 1.0×10^?8 M. The proposed method is simple and it also showed excellent sensitivity and stability. The excellent electrocatalytic ability of the modified electrode towards L ‐Cys manifests that the Crhf/MWNTs can provide a new platform for biosensors and other biology.     

Sol—Gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Bulk—Modified with Tris（1,10—phenanthroline—5,6—dione） iron （Ⅱ）Hexafluorophosphate and Its Use as an Amperometric Iodate Sensor

A surface‐renewable tris(1, 10‐phenanthroline‐5, 6‐dione) iron (D) hexafluorophosphate (FePD) modified carbon ceramic electrode was constructed by dispersing FePD and graphite powder in methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) based gels. The FePD‐modified electrode presented pH‐dependent voltammetric behavior, and its peak currents were diffusion‐controlled in 0.1 mol/L Na₂SO₄ + H₂SO₄ solution (pH = 0.4). In the presence of iodate, dear electrocatalytic reduction waves were observed and thus the chemically modified electrode was used as an amperometric sensor for iodate in common salt. The linear range, sensitivity, detection limit and response time of the iodate sensor were 5 × 10^?6–1 × 10^?2 mol/L, 7.448 μA·L/ mmol, 1.2 × 10^?6 mol/L and 5 s, respectively. A distinct advantage of this sensor is its good reproducibility of surface‐renewal by simple mechanical polishing.     

Fabrication of Nanocomposite Containing Naphthoquinone and Nanogold Supported on Poly(2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid) Film for Voltammetric Determination of N‐Acetyl‐L‐Cysteine

A modified electrode was fabricated by grafting of poly (2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid) film (PDC) by electropolymerization of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then, gold nanoparticles (NG) and 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonic acid sodium (Nq) were immobilized on the PDC/GCE to prepare Nq/NG/PDC/GCE by immersing electrode into NG and Nq solution, respectively. The Nq species on NG/PDC/GCE could catalyze electrooxidation of N‐acetyl‐L ‐cysteine (NAC) with lowering the over potential by about 600 mV. This method used for detection of NAC in dynamic range from 4.0×10^?6 M to 1.30×10^?4 M with a detection of limit (2σ) 8.0×10^?7 M.     

Electroanalysis of Bisphenol A at a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes‐gold Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐gold nanoparticles (GNPs) hybrid film, which was prepared based on the electrostatic interaction between positively charged cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and negatively charged MWCNTs and GNPs. The MWCNT‐GNPs/GCE exhibited an enhanced electroactivity for BPA oxidation versus unmodified GCE and MWCNTs/GCE. The experimental parameters, including the amounts of modified MWCNTs and GNPs, the pH of the supporting electrolyte, scan rate and accumulation time, were examined and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the differential pulse voltammetric anodic peak current of BPA was linear with the BPA concentration from 2.0×10^?8 to 2×10^?5 mol L^?1, with a limit of detection of 7.5 nmol L^?1. The proposed procedure was applied to determine BPA leached from real plastic samples with satisfactory results.     

Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode With Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and α‐Silicomolybdate: Application to Sb(III) Detection

A simple procedure was developed to prepare a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polyoxometalate. With immersing SWCNTs modified GC electrode in silicon polyoxomolybdate (α‐SiMo₁₂O₄₀^4?) solution (direct deposition) for a short period of time (2–10 s) oxoanion adsorbed strongly and irreversibly on SWCNTs. Cyclic voltammograms of the α‐SiMo₁₂O₄₀^4? incorporated‐SWCNTs indicates three well‐defined and reversible redox couples with surface confined characteristic at wide pH range (1–7). The surface coverage (Γ) of α‐SiMo₁₂O₄₀^4? immobilized on SWCNTs was 2.14 (±0.11)×10^?9 mol cm^?2 indicating high loading ability of SWCNTs for polyoxometalate. The charge transfer rate constant (k_s) of three redox couples of adsorbed α‐SiMo₁₂O₄₀^4? were 9.20 (±0.20), 8.02 (±0.20), and 3.70 (±0.10) s^?1, respectively, indicate great facilitation of the electron transfer between α‐SiMo₁₂O₄₀^4? and CNTs. In this research the attractive mechanical and electrical characteristics of CNTs and unique properties and reactivity of polyoxometalates were combined. The modified electrode in buffer solution containing Sb(III) shows a new redox system at 0.38 V in pH 1. The voltammetric peak current increased with increasing Sb(III) concentration. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for detection micromolar concentration of antimony. Furthermore, the interference effects various electroactive compounds on voltammetric response of Sb(III) were negligible. Finally the ability of the modified electrode for antimony detection in real samples was evaluated.     

Magnetite NPs@C with Highly‐Efficient Peroxidase‐Like Catalytic Activity as an Improved Biosensing Strategy for Selective Glucose Detection

This work reports the novel application of carbon‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (mNPs@C) as catalytic nanomaterial included in a composite electrode material (mNPs@C/CPE) taking advantages of their intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity. The nanostructured electrochemical transducer reveals an enhancement of the charge transfer for redox processes involving hydrogen peroxide. Likewise, mNPs@C/CPE demonstrated to be highly selective even at elevated concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid, the usual interferents of blood glucose analysis. Upon these remarkable results, the composite matrix was further modified by the addition of glucose oxidase as biocatalyst, in order to obtain a biosensing strategy (GOx/mNPs@C/CPE) with enhanced properties for the electrochemical detection of glucose. GOx/mNPs@C/CPE exhibit a linear range up to 7.5×10^?3 mol L^?1 glucose, comprising the entirely physiological range and incipient pathological values. The average sensitivity obtained at ?0.100 V was (1.62±0.05)×10⁵ nA L mol^?1 (R²=0.9992), the detection limit was 2.0×10^?6 M while the quantification limit was 6.1×10^?6 mol L^?1. The nanostructured biosensor demonstrated to have an excellent performance for glucose detection in human blood serum even for pathological values.     

Electrochemiluminescent Detection Method for Glyphosate in Soybean on Carbon Fiber-ionic Liquid Paste Electrode

A carbon fiber paste electrode using ionic liquid as the binder (CFILE) was fabricated. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrode was examined in ferro‐/ferricyanide solution and showed better conductivity and reversibility when compared with graphite paste‐ionic liquid electrode (GPILE) and a little better than that on the carbon nanotube paste‐ionic liquid electrode (CNTILE). Glyphosate (GLY), a pesticide, exhibited excellent catalysis to the oxidation of Ru(bpy)²⁺₃ on CFILE and brought an obvious enhancement to the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of Ru(bpy)²⁺₃. Based on the catalytic ability of GLY, a simple ECL method for GLY detection had been established. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced ECL intensities were found to had linearly respond to the GLY concentration between 3.0×10^?7 and 3.0×10^?5 mol/L, and the detection limit (S/N=3) was 2.0×10^?7 mol/L. The electrode also showed excellent sensitivity in detecting GLY‐spiked soybean samples. The linear range for GLY in soybean samples was 1.0×10^?6–4.0×10^?5 mol/L and the detection limit was 5.0×10^?7 mol/L, equal to 8.45 µg GLY in per gram of soybean. The detection limit in soybean sample was lower than the USA, EU regulation and so on. If the method is coupled with the separation technology, it can be applied to detect the GLY in the contaminated samples.     

Electrochemical Behaviors of Adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate on Molecular Wire Modified Carbon Paste Electrode and Its Sensitive Detection

A new electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) based on the electrooxidation at a molecular wire (MW) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), which was fabricated with diphenylacetylene (DPA) as the binder. A single well‐defined irreversible oxidation peak of ATP appeared on MW‐CPE with adsorption‐controlled process and enhanced electrochemical response in a pH 3.0 Britton‐Robinson buffer solution, which was due to the presence of high conductive DPA in the electrode. The electrochemical parameters of ATP were calculated with the electron transfer coefficient (α) as 0.54, the electron transfer number (n) as 1.9, the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k_s) as 2.67 × 10^?5 s^?1 and the surface coverage (Γ_T) as 4.15 × 10^?10 mol cm^?2. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to ATP concentration in the range from 1.0 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 to 2.0 × 10^?3 mol L^?1 with the detection limit as 1.28 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 (3σ) by sensitive differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method showed good selectivity without the interferences of coexisting substances and was successful applied to the ATP injection samples detection.