浅谈初中物理课堂教学中科学探究

科学探究是初中物理课程标准之一,科学探究从改变学生学习方式出发,注重让学生在预习教材中探究,在质疑问难中探究,在观察比较中探究,在矛盾冲突中探究,在问题解决中探究,在实践活动中探究等。     

化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究

化学体系中随机共振现象的特性、机理、本质和应用的研究是非常重要的前沿课题。综述中国科学技术大学非线性化学实验室,在化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究中,所取得的主要成果,并阐述化学体系随机共振现象研究中所提出来的若干重要问题：非均相化学体系中随机共振;化学体系中内信号随机共振;化学体系中多重随机共振;化学体系中随机共振的调制;化学体系中色噪声作用下的随机共振;化学体系中时空随机共振;耦合化学体系中随机     

中子滴线附近核异常大半径的解释

基于中子滴线附近核结合能的数据分析,¹¹Li,¹⁴Be和¹⁷B等可看作是核芯-中子-中子组成的三体系统。假定核芯-中子和中子-中子间作用势为弱吸引指数势,不足以形成核芯-中子和中子-中子束缚态。本文的研究表明,核芯-中子-中子三体系统可形成弱束缚态。⁶He,¹¹Li,¹⁴Be和¹⁷Be核的异常大核半径正是由于外层中子的弱束缚所致。 关键词：     

中子引起氘核破裂反应的实验研究

对25 MeV中子引起氘核破裂反应的中子-中子准自由散射和17.36 MeV中子引起氘核破裂反应的中子-中子末态相互作用进行了细致的研究。首先,以小于5%的不确定度,精确测量了25MeV中子-中子准自由散射出射的中子三重微分截面。实验数据用基于现实核子-核子势(CD-Bonn,Argonne!18,Nijm I和II)的理论计算配合Monte-Carlo模拟进行了分析。实验结果比基于CD-Bonn势的理论预言高(16.0±4.6)%,进一步证实了目前的理论在中子-中子准自由散射方面还无法准确描述实验数据。其次,通过运动学非完全测量,精确测量了17.36 MeV中子引起氘核破裂反应在0°角附近出射的质子能谱,用基于现实核子-核子势(CD-Bonn、Bonn-B和Nijm I)的理论计算以及Monte-Carlo模拟分析了所测得的质子能谱,确定了中子-中子散射长度ann=(-16.8±0.6)fm。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中砷的赋存形态研究

为实现垃圾焚烧过程中砷的释放控制,本文采集了六个地区两种炉型垃圾焚烧电厂的飞灰,通过分析飞灰中砷的赋存形态,阐释了垃圾焚烧过程中砷的迁移转化机理。结果表明,飞灰中砷总量存在一定的地域性差异,且炉排炉飞灰中砷含量高于流化床飞灰。飞灰中的As(Ⅲ)极少(0.34%~9.56%),大部分砷在高温焚烧过程中与Ca、Fe、Al等元素化合物发生交互反应以As(Ⅴ)存在于飞灰中,此外,少量砷被硅铝酸盐固化在飞灰基质中.     

光路显示仪

在我们日常生活中,所遇到的光学现象是很多的,各种光学器材更是生活中不可缺少的工具。尤其是在部队中,多种多样的光学仪器广泛的在各兵器中使用着。所以光学已是我们     

基于干涉原理精确对中折衍混合器件的技术研究

在折衍混合光学系统的加工和装配过程中,折、衍器件间的对中精度严重影响混合器件的质量和性能,但是由于衍射器件与传统折射器件的显着差异,传统的对中手段已不再适用,如何简便实现二者的精确对中是混合光学系统实用化过程中亟待解决的问题之一.本文提出利用干涉原理简便地实现衍射器件与折射器件的高精度对中,理论分析和实验结果表明该对中装校方法是有效可行的,可以满足光学系统的对中要求。     

~(11)Li,~(14)Be,~(17)B的一个三体模型

假定~(11)Li,~(14)Be和~(17)B是由N=2Z核芯和两个外层中子组成的三体系统,核芯-中子和中子-中子间的作用为弱吸引指数势,不足以形成核芯-中子和中子-中子二体束缚态。本文的计算表明,核芯-中子-中子三体系统可形成束缚态,计算结果基本上解释了~(11)Li,~(14)Be,~(17)B的基态能量和异常大核半径的实验结果。     

原子吸收光谱法测定大学生膳食中锌

微量元素锌对人体健康的影响已引起了广泛关注。对大学生锌饮食状况进行了调查,采用原子吸收光谱法分析大学生的锌膳食营养状况。结果表明,大学生从膳食中摄取的锌较为缺乏,食物中微量元素锌在不同类食物中含量差别较大,即使同一类食物原料中Zn元素在不同制作产品中含量差别也较大。因此,必须重视大学生的膳食营养状况,饮食中需注意合理调配,平衡膳食。     

5个非洲菊品种9种营养元素的分布规律初探

为了研究非洲菊中营养元素的分布规律,采用湿法消解ICP-AES测定5个非洲菊品种的9种营养元素.结果显示:9种元素呈现K＞Ca＞P＞Mg＞Fe＞B＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu的趋势.1号品种叶中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量最高.2号品种叶中Cu含量最高,花中P含量最高;蕾中Ca、Mg含量最低.3号品种蕾中K含量最高;叶中P含量最低.4号品种花中B含量最高;叶中K含量最低.5号品种叶中Fe含量最高,Cu含量最低;蕾中Mn含量最低,花中Zn、B含量最低.这些结果对合理施肥具有指导作用.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.