纠缠比特在不同噪声环境和信道下演化规律的实验研究

量子信息技术主要基于量子纠缠,量子纠缠源作为重要的相干叠加态,其相干性很容易受到环境的影响而变得非常脆弱,甚至导致量子信息处理的失败.因此,全面揭示不同噪声环境和不同噪声信道下量子纠缠源演化规律,进而探寻抑制退相干的方法就显得至关重要.本文以量子信息最基本的单元-两比特纠缠对作为研究对象,实验上利用线性光学系统模拟了比特翻转和相移噪声(集体和非集体),研究了纠缠源在不同噪声环境及单、双和混合噪声信道下保真度的变化规律.实验结果表明:对同一种噪声类型,当纠缠比特经过双通道噪声环境时,其纠缠特性破坏得快;当纠缠比特经过非集体环境时,其纠缠特性消失得快.对不同噪声类型比较,结果表明比特翻转噪声相对于相移噪声更容易破坏纠缠特性.所得结论对纠缠退相干的理论和实验研究具有重要的借鉴意义,同时对基于非线性光学系统的量子信息处理技术具有重要的应用价值.     

不同响应波长的HgCdTe光导器件噪声分析

研究了不同响应波长的HgCdTe器件在不同背景辐射条件下的噪声变化.随着背景辐射的增加,甚长波器件的噪声减小,而中波器件相反.噪声频谱测量表明,产生-复合噪声分量和1/f噪声分量是器件的主要噪声来源,并且这两个分量随背景的变化趋势相同.非平衡载流子和器件有效寿命的理论分析,表明器件噪声随背景辐射的变化存在一个极大值,而中波和甚长波器件处在不同的作用区域内,接受到的背景辐射对载流子浓度和器件有效寿命的影响不同,从而噪声变化表现不同.在此基础上,提出了"临界背景通量密度"的概念.     

基于非局部均值和SUSAN算子的混合噪声滤除

为了更好地滤除图像中脉冲噪声和高斯噪声组成的混合噪声,提出了一种基于非局部均值和Small Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus(SUSAN)算子的混合噪声滤除方法.该方法首先根据脉冲噪声点与角点之间吸收核同值区形状特征的不同,采用SUSAN算子检测出大量的特征点,特征点主要是脉冲噪声点,也可能含有小部分角点.将特征点进行排序,出现频次最高两位的点为脉冲噪声点.然后采用改进的均值滤波法计算脉冲噪声点邻域中非脉冲噪声点的均值,以此替换脉冲噪声点灰度值.最后针对已滤除脉冲噪声的图像,采用考虑了图像块信息的非局部均值方法滤除剩余的高斯噪声.去噪实验结果表明:与自适应中值和加权均值结合的方法、中值滤波与小波结合的方法、脉冲耦合神经网络与中值滤波结合的方法相比,本文方法主观视觉效果更好,能够更好地保留图像中的边缘细节,客观评价指标峰值信噪比有较大的提高,滤除混合噪声的优势明显.     

利用纠缠交换在理想和非理想条件下的远程态制备(英文)

提出了利用纠缠交换技术实现一个纠缠态的远程制备.考虑在量子信道没有遭受噪声影响的条件下,利用一对两粒子纠缠态作为量子信道去实现远程态制备.此外我们考察了噪声存在时的远程态的制备,研究显示不同类型的量子噪声对远程态制备过程的保真度的影响不同.对一个确定量子态,我们考察了消相干效应对其远程制备的影响.     

基于神经网络和小波变换的MRI图像去噪方法

过去10年中,小波变换在图像去噪中取得了很大的成功.人们提出了多种适用于小波去噪的阈值方法,而这些方法就是希望能够正确地反映有噪声小波系数与无噪声小波系数之间的映射关系.基于这种想法,我们提出一种在小波域中利用神经网络寻找这种映射关系的图像去噪新方法.我们把该方法应用于不同噪声分布的磁共振图像的去噪,取得了良好的效果.     

耦合生物细胞体系中噪声诱导钙信号的传递和增强

研究了耦合细胞体系中钙振荡的动力学行为,发现体系的一端受到噪声扰动时,能够产生噪声诱导的钙振荡信号,这种信号在沿着耦合体系有效传递的同时,信号本身也能显著增强,并且在体系的另一端能够得到一个规则的信号.分别讨论了耦合强度、噪声强度和耦合方式对信号传递的影响,发现存在合适的耦合强度和噪声强度更有利于钙信号的传递和增强,与以往不同的是,还分别从信号和噪声背景两方面给出了定性的解释;同时发现单向耦合比双向耦合更有利于信号的传递和增强.     

非高斯噪声激励下FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元系统的随机共振

研究了乘性非高斯噪声和加性高斯白噪声共同激励下FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN) 神经元系统的随机共振问题. 利用路径积分法和两态模型理论, 推导出系统信噪比的表达式. 研究结果表明: 系统参数在不同的取值条件下, FHN神经元模型出现了随机共振和双重随机共振现象. 此外, 非高斯参数q在不同的取值条件下, 乘性噪声强度和加性噪声强度对信噪比的影响是不同的. 非高斯噪声的加入有利于增强FHN神经元系统的信号响应.     

色关联的色噪声驱动的分段非线性模型的平均首次穿越时间

研究了色关联的乘性高斯色噪声和加性高斯色噪声驱动的分段非线性系统中, 噪声强度和相关时间对平均首次穿越时间的影响. 利用一致有色噪声近似方法和最速下降方法, 推导出系统平均首次穿越时间的表达式. 研究结果表明: 系统的平均首次穿越时间随着乘性噪声的增加会出现单峰结构, 即“共振”现象, 峰值会随着加性噪声强度和噪声之间关联强度的增加而减小. 而平均首次穿越时间作为加性噪声的函数呈单调曲线, 说明乘性噪声和加性噪声对平均首次穿越时间的影响不同. 此外, 乘性和加性噪声关联时间以及互关联时间在正关联时和负关联时 对系统平均首次穿越时间的影响是不同的. 关键词： 色噪声 分段非线性系统 平均首次穿越时间     

红外图像空间噪声分析和预处理方法改进

讨论了基于天空背景下红外图像空间噪声组成，分析了各种空间噪声的形成原因,给出了红外图像噪声类型及其对图像质量的不同影响。分析结果认为红外图像空间噪声主要为高斯噪声和椒盐噪声。综合考虑均值法和中值法在处理噪声类型上的不同，提出了一种基于简单阈值的改进型中值法。对于不同的阈值，其算子有所不同。而M×N处理区域内每一点算子的权值取决于区域灰度中值，该点灰度越接近中值权值越大。处理后的图像背景更平滑，信噪比和改进的峰值信噪比提高了1.2dB以上，表明改进型中值法优于传统滤波方法。     

非高斯噪声驱动下非对称双稳系统的平均首次穿越时间与随机共振研究

研究了乘性非高斯噪声和加性高斯白噪声共同激励下非对称双稳系统的平均首次穿越时间和随机共振问题. 利用路径积分法和两态模型理论,推导出平均首次穿越时间和信噪比的表达式. 研究结果表明:势阱非对称性对两个不同方向的平均首次穿越时间的影响是不同的. 信噪比是加性噪声强度和势阱非对称性的非单调函数,系统出现了随机共振现象;信噪比是乘性噪声强度的单调函数,没有共振峰出现. 这说明该系统中乘性噪声强度和加性噪声强度对信噪比的影响是不同的. 关键词： 非高斯噪声 非对称双稳系统 平均首次穿越时间 随机共振     

Changes in the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hard Elastic and Porous Polypropylene Films upon Annealing and Orientation

The effect of the annealing temperature on the characteristics of hard elastic polypropylene samples obtained by annealing of extruded films and having an oriented lamellar structure is studied. It is established using the methods of X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry that the lamellae thickness, the large period, and the degree of orientation of the folded lamellae increase with an increase in the annealing temperature, which is accompanied by an increase in the melting temperature and enthalpy. Porous films are obtained by uniaxial extension of the annealed samples in the orientation direction. It is shown that the porosity and permeability of the porous films increase with an increase in the annealing temperature, owing to an increase in the number and sizes of the through channels. The mechanical characteristics (strength, elastic modulus, and break elongation) of the hard elastic and porous films are measured, and their relationship with changes in the structure and orientation of the samples, depending on the annealing temperature, is established.     

Performance evaluation of VCSEL through single and multi mode fibers

This paper presents influence of the change in temperature of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) on its output power. It is observed that with increase in temperature of laser its output power decrease. It is also observed that with decrease in threshold voltage of the laser output power increase. Decrease in output power due to increase in temperature can be compensated by increasing driving current. But increase in drive current decrease life of the laser. So a laser with lower threshold voltage can be used to operate at high temperature with long life. Propagation of VCSEL through single mode and multimode fiber is also studied. In single mode fiber only one propagation mode exists due to which signal can be transmitted to longer distances.     

3-Pentanone LIF at elevated temperatures and pressures: measurements and modeling

The objective of this study is to investigate 3-pentanone fluorescence experiments in a constant volume vessel at high temperature and high pressure to underline the influent parameters in conditions close to those encountered in internal combustion engines. To obtain quantitative analysis, measured fluorescence signals must be corrected by considering the influence of preponderant parameters such as temperature, pressure and gas composition. Quantitative dependences of fluorescence on thermodynamic parameters are measured and compared with the predictions of a photophysical model, which combines the effects of temperature, pressure, excitation wavelength on fluorescence quantum yield. The increase of 3-pentanone fluorescence with pressure is due to the vibrational relaxation of energy levels. The fluorescence decreases with increasing temperature, except at low temperature where the fluorescence increase is due to an activation of intersystem crossing between triplet toward singlet levels. The influences of thermodynamic parameters are based on an increase of the non-radiative decay rate with the vibrational energy level of excited electronic state and the important collisions to remove the excess vibrational energy. Experimental and calculated results show a satisfactory agreement. PACS 33.20; 33.50; 34.90     

Electromechanical and pyroelectric properties in CoZn ferrite transducer

The system Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrite was prepared by the usual ceramic method. The resonant frequency and antiresonance of vibrating disc have been studied as a function of temperature. The decrease of resonant frequency with rising temperature was attributed to increase the interaction of domains with the applied AC field. The decrease of the ultrasonic wave velocity with the increase of temperature was ascribed to thermal lattice vibration, which facilitate the domains to interact at lower frequency of the applied AC field. The electromechanical coupling factor of the radial mode was fairly constant with rising temperature. The pyroelectric voltage measured at the transducer electric terminals increases with the increase of temperature. Ferrite transducer is useful for ultrasonic generation to be used in technology.     

非简谐振动对石墨烯量子电容和热稳定性的影响

采用固体物理理论和方法,研究了单层石墨烯的量子电容和它的温度稳定性随温度和电压的变化规律,探讨原子非简谐振动对它的影响.结果表明:(1)当电压一定时,单层石墨烯的量子电容和温度稳定性系数均随温度升高发生非线性变化,电压小于2.3 V时,量子电容随温度升高而增大,温度稳定性系数随温度升高由缓慢变化到很快增大,电压高于2.3 V时,量子电容随温度升高先增大后减小,而其温度稳定性系数随温度升高由缓慢变化到很快减小.温度一定时,量子电容只在电压值为0.4～2.8 V范围内才变化较小,而电压值大于2.8 V时,量子电容迅速减小并趋于0;(2)与简谐近似相比,非简谐项会使石墨烯量子电容有所增大,且温度愈高,两者的差愈大,非简谐效应愈显著,温度为300 K时,非简谐的量子电容要比简谐近似的值大0.33%,而温度为1 000 K时,差值增大到1.47%;(3)电压在1.5～1.8 V之间,而温度低于800 K时,石墨烯量子电容的温度稳定性系数最小且不随温度而变,储能性能的温度稳定性最好;(4)非简谐项会使它的量子电容热稳定性系数比简谐近似的值增大,且增大的情况与温度有关,当温度为400 K时量子电容热...     

The changes of holographic characteristics of photopolymer induced by temperature

The changes of holographic characteristics of photopolymer induced by temperature are studied experi-mentally. The results show that the exposure sensitivity increases with the increase of temperature. Themaximum diffraction efficiency and the final maximum diffraction efficiency increase with the increaseof temperature when the temperature is lower than Tg (glass transition temperature), while they decreasewith the increase of temperature when the temperature is higher than Tg. The effect of the change oftemperature on the saturation refractive index modulation is very weak.     

Thermophysical properties and structure of stable and metastable liquid cobalt

The thermophysical properties and structure of liquid cobalt are investigated in the temperature range from 1000 to 2400 K. The properties include density, molar volume, enthalpy and specific heat at both normal and undercooled states. The density decreases linearly with the increase of temperature. At the melting point, the value of density is 7.71 g cm⁻³, and its temperature coefficient is . The molar volume increases with the increase of temperature in a nonlinear manner. The enthalpy increases linearly with the rise of temperature. This indicates that the specific heat changes little with temperature: 40.11 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. Furthermore, the liquid structure is studied by analyzing the pair correlation function. With the increase of undercooling, the degree of short range order of liquid cobalt becomes more and more remarkable, which is deduced by the appearance of a saddle at the second neighbor distance.     

高温高应变率下纯锆的本构模型研究

 研究了常温至1 073 K、不同应变率下（4.1×10^－4 s^－1～2.8×10³ s^-1）锆的压缩力学性能。结果表明,锆的流动应力对温度和应变率的变化比较敏感,随应变率的提高而增大,随温度的升高而降低。基于位错动力学理论,建立了锆的本构模型,并考虑塑性变形过程中孪晶演化的影响,对模型进行了修正。修正后的本构模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好,可描述很宽应变率和温度范围内锆的塑性变形行为。     

Ultrasonically enhanced corrosion of 304L stainless steel I: the effect of temperature and hydrostatic pressure

A systematic study of the effect exerted by various parameters on the corrosion of 304L stainless steel in an ultrasonic field has been carried out. Ultrasound increased the corrosion rate under all the investigated conditions. In this paper, attention is focused on the effect of temperature and hydrostatic pressure. At ambient pressure, increase in temperature, T, was found to increase the ultrasonically enhanced corrosion rate up to a maximum of 40 degrees C; at 50 degrees C a marked decrease in the effect of ultrasound was observed. At constant temperature, increase in hydrostatic pressure caused a strong increase in corrosion rate to values in excess of 2500 mm yr(-1) at 4 bar.     

高功率厘米波辐照黄粉虫幼虫和草坪热效应研究

 建立了高功率厘米波辐照平台,测定了黄粉虫幼虫和草坪的表面温升及黄粉虫幼虫致死百分率。实验结果表明,高功率厘米波辐照过程中黄粉虫幼虫温度与辐照时间呈一定函数关系;草坪温度与辐照时间也呈一定函数关系,但两者不同。由实验结果拟合得到了辐照过程中黄粉虫幼虫表面温升与辐照时间之间的关系和黄粉虫幼虫致死百分率与辐照时间及致死百分率与温度的函数关系。实验观察了不同时间厘米波辐照对草坪的影响。观察结果表明温度超过一定数值时,厘米波辐照将损伤草坪。采用图像处理方法得到了草坪损伤的量化结果,并进一步得到了草坪损伤程度与辐照温度的函数关系。