MOCVD法在(220)CaF2衬底上生长ZnO薄膜及其性能研究

采用金属有机化学汽相沉积(MOCVD)法在(220)CaF2衬底上外延生长ZnO薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱和光致发光谱(PL)对ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能进行了分析.XRD结果表明,所制备的ZnO薄膜结晶性能良好,具有高度的(002)的择优取向,002衍射峰的半高宽(FMHM)为0.115°.所制备的ZnO薄膜透明,透过率超过85;.在常温的(He-Cd激光器)PL谱中,只有378.5 nm的带边发射.用同步辐射光源测试的真空紫外光谱中,在低温20K时,出现218 nm、368 nm、418 nm、554 nm发光峰,其中368 nm峰强度随着温度的升高强度逐渐下降,到常温时几乎消失.     

退火对电弧离子镀制备的ZnO薄膜的影响

采用阴极电弧离子镀在Si、Al2O3以及玻璃衬底上制备出具有择优取向的ZnO薄膜,并对其进行退火处理.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光光谱(PL)、紫外-可见光光谱仪对ZnO薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性能进行分析.XRD结果表明,所制备的ZnO薄膜具有很好的ZnO(002)择优取向,退火使ZnO(002)衍射峰向高角度方向偏移.SEM结果表明,随着退火温度升高,表面晶粒由隆起的山脉或塔状变为平面状,晶粒002面呈六边状.PL谱结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,紫外发光峰强度逐渐增强,可见光发光峰强度逐渐相对减弱.紫外可见光透过谱结果表明,退火使可见光透过率增高,光学带隙发生红移.     

在钛酸锶衬底上外延生长ZnO薄膜及其性能研究

用脉冲激光淀积法(PLD)在(111)面SrTiO3衬底上外延生长ZnO单晶薄膜.样品分别在衬底温度为350℃、500℃、600℃下外延生长.X射线衍射(XRD)的结果表明,所得的ZnO单晶薄膜结晶性能好,只出现(002)和(004)两个衍射峰,(002)峰的半高宽度(FWHM)为0.23°.在荧光光谱中我们只观察到来源于带边激子跃迁的强UV发射,并且随着生长温度的升高,紫外峰的强度逐渐增强.样品的SEM图像表明所得ZnO薄膜表面平整,晶粒均匀.衬底温度为600℃时,所得到的ZnO薄膜结构完整,晶粒尺寸最大,均匀;而且紫外发射最强.     

蓝宝石衬底上磁控溅射法室温制备外延ZnO薄膜

在室温条件下,采用磁控溅射方法在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上制备了外延的ZnO薄膜.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、可见-紫外分光光度计系统研究了ZnO薄膜微观结构和光学特性.AFM测量结果表明ZnO薄膜具有较为均匀的ZnO晶粒,表面平整,具有较小的均方根粗糙度(0.9 nm);X射线衍射结果表明制备的ZnO薄膜为具有六角纤锌矿结构的外延薄膜;光学透射谱显示样品在可见光范围内具有较高的透过性,并在370 nm附近出现一个较陡的吸收边,表明在室温下制备出了具有较高质量的ZnO薄膜.     

Fe、Ni共掺杂ZnO薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基片上旋涂生长了ZnO、Fe, Ni单掺杂及(Fe,Ni)共掺杂ZnO薄膜.产物的显微照片及XRD图谱结果表明, 该方法所制备的ZnO薄膜表面均匀致密,都存在(002)择优取向,具有六角纤锌矿结构,晶粒尺寸平均在13 nm 左右,振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果显示掺杂ZnO薄膜均存在室温铁磁性.光致发光(PL)测量表明所有样品薄膜的PL谱主要由较强的紫外发光峰(394 nm)、蓝光峰(420 nm)、绿光峰(480 nm)组成.Fe、Ni单掺杂和共掺杂并不改变ZnO薄膜的发光峰位置,但掺杂后该紫外发光峰减弱,420 nm处的蓝光峰增强.     

生长温度对L-MBE法制备的ZnO薄膜性能的影响

在蓝宝石C面上利用激光分子束外延(L-MBE)的方法,分别在250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃和450℃生长了高度C轴取向的ZnO薄膜.并进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)谱的分析.测试结果表明,较低温度时,随着生长温度的升高,薄膜的结晶及发光性能得到提高;但是当温度进一步升高,却有所变差.说明利用L-MBE系统制备ZnO薄膜存在一合适的温度范围,并对此机理进行了深入分析.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜及其微结构特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)制备氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜,研究镀膜层数和退火温度对ZnO薄膜晶体结构、光谱性质及表面形貌的影响.X射线衍射谱测试表明,退火温度为600℃、镀膜层数为10层时制备样品的晶粒尺寸最大,结晶度最好.紫外-可见透过谱发现,样品退火后其透过率曲线变得陡直,光学带隙随退火温度升高而逐渐减小.光致发光谱测试显示,ZnO薄膜的发光谱包含388 nm和394 nm附近的两个主要发光峰,分别对应于本征发射和缺陷发射,其强度随退火温度升高呈现相反的变化.原子力显微照片则显示了随退火温度的升高制备样品表面晶粒的分布趋于均匀而致密.     

Si(111)衬底上ZnO薄膜的磁控溅射法制备及表征

采用磁控溅射法在(111)单晶硅衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜,并研究了退火温度对ZnO薄膜晶体质量、晶粒度大小、应力和光致发光谱的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)表明薄膜为高度c轴择优取向.不同退火温度下的ZnO薄膜应力有明显变化,应力分布最为均匀的退火温度为500℃.室温下对ZnO薄膜进行了光谱分析,可观测到明显的紫光发射(波长为380nm左右).实验结果表明,用磁控溅射法在单晶硅衬底上能获得高质量的ZnO薄膜.     

衬底温度对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及其光电性能的影响

利用溅射方法制备了Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜,探究了衬底温度对薄膜的形貌特征、结构和光电性能的调控.实验结果表明:衬底温度可以调控AZO薄膜的生长方式以及光电性能.随着衬底温度的升高,AZO薄膜从无规则的形状转变为球形并且其颗粒尺寸逐渐减小.XRD分析表明样品的结晶质量随着衬底温度的升高而变佳.透射光谱研究发现,在低衬底温度下,400 nm附近处有一吸收台阶,随着衬底温度升高,此吸收台阶消失,表明衬底温度影响着AZO内部的缺陷.电学性质研究表明随着衬底温度升高,AZO薄膜的导电性能也随着升高,电阻率从9×10-2 Ω·cm降到5×10-3 Q·cm.而其载流子浓度从6×1019 cm-3增加到2.2×1020 cm-3.     

薄膜厚度对ZnO:Y薄膜结构及光电特性影响

室温下采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备出了具有良好附着性、低电阻率和高透过率的新型ZnO∶Y(ZnO掺杂Y2O3,简称ZnO∶Y)透明导电薄膜。研究了薄膜厚度对ZnO∶Y薄膜结构、光电特性的影响。结果表明:不同厚度的ZnO∶Y薄膜均为多晶薄膜,具有ZnO六角纤锌矿结构,最佳取向为(002)方向。随薄膜厚度增加,其电阻率减小,当薄膜厚度增至800 nm时,其电阻率为8.36×10-4Ω.cm,迁移率为15.3 cm2.V-1.s-1,载流子浓度为4.88×1020cm-3。不同厚度的薄膜在可见光范围内平均透过率均为90%以上,当薄膜厚度从200 nm增加到800 nm时,薄膜禁带宽度从3.68 eV减小到3.61 eV。     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.     

Features of transformations in REE-containing systems of nitrate precursors in preparatory processes of formation of multifunctional oxide materials

Abstract

The complex study provides a reliable idea of ??the trends in the joint behavior of structural components in the water-salt systems of nitrate precursors of REE, alkaline, alkaline earth metals in the preparatory stages of the processes of forming multicomponent oxide polyfunctional materials on their basis with thermal activation. Stages of such transformations are revealed; The regularities of complex and phase formation in systems and factors influencing them are determined; A number of physicochemical properties of the intermediate phases formed - coordination lanthanides nitrates: their composition, types of compounds, atomic-crystalline structure, regularities of transformations during heat treatment were studied.