高效溶剂萃取－固相萃取/气相色谱－质谱法测定大气颗粒物中多环芳烃和有机磷阻燃剂

建立了高效溶剂萃取（HPSE）－固相萃取（SPE）/气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）测定大气颗粒物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）和15种有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的方法。以正己烷－二氯甲烷（1∶1,体积比）溶液为萃取溶剂,萃取液旋转蒸发浓缩后经Florisil固相萃取柱净化,PAHs和OPFRs的洗脱溶剂分别为10 mL正己烷－二氯甲烷（1∶1）和10 mL乙酸乙酯,洗脱液浓缩定容后进行GC－MS测定。16种PAHs和15种OPFRs的线性范围为0.001 ~ 2.0 μg/mL,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99;检出限（LOD,S/N = 3）分别为0.10 ~ 10.00 μg/L和2.59 ~ 75.00 μg/L,定量下限（LOQ,S/N = 10）分别为0.33 ~ 33.33 μg/L和8.63 ~ 250.00 μg/L;平均回收率分别为73.0% ~ 98.0%和69.3% ~ 111%,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.7% ~ 13%和2.5% ~ 17%。该方法适用于大气颗粒物样品中多环芳烃和有机磷阻燃剂的测定。     

离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯的迁移量

建立了方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。样品用4%（v/v）乙酸溶液浸泡,然后采用MCX混合型阳离子交换柱富集净化,以5.0 mL水淋洗小柱,用3.0 mL 5%（v/v）氨化甲醇洗脱样品,洗脱液经过溶剂交换,七氟丁酸酐衍生后,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对目标物进行检测,外标法定量。2,4-二氨基甲苯在1~50 μg/L范围内,线性相关系数（r）为0.9991,检出限（S/N=3）为0.2 μg/L,定量限（S/N=10）为0.6 μg/L,回收率在89.0%~94.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.6%。该方法的前处理过程无需调节提取液的pH值,也不需要液液萃取,大幅简化了前处理过程,降低了有机溶剂的消耗,具有操作便捷、结果准确的优点,适用于方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的检测。     

DMBA衍生/超高效液相色谱法测定鱼肉中唾液酸含量

建立了同时检测鱼肉中N-乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Ac）、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Gc）和酮基－脱氧壬酮糖酸（KDN）3种核心唾液酸的超高效液相色谱－荧光检测（UPLC－FLD）方法。冷冻干燥后的样品在8 mL 0.6 mol/L盐酸溶液中80 ℃酸解20 min,采用4,5-二甲基-1,2-苯二胺（DMBA）衍生试剂进行衍生。前处理后的样品经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱（100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以纯水－乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测。结果表明,Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN在0.02 ~ 5.0 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系（r2 > 0.999）,定量下限（S/N = 10）分别为0.20、0.20、0.10 μg/g;加标回收率为90.8% ~ 103%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.8% ~ 5.0%。该方法分析时间短,4 min内可完成3种唾液酸的分离,分离效果好,且方法灵敏度、准确度高,适用于鱼肉中唾液酸的测定。     

基于酸性离子液体的原位泡腾辅助微萃取法测定饮料与糖果中的亮蓝和赤藓红

利用酸性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（［C4MIM］［HSO4］）的阴离子与碳酸盐反应产生二氧化碳,通过气泡促进萃取过程。在萃取的同时,［C4MIM］［HSO4］的阳离子和六氟磷酸铵（NH4PF6）原位反应形成疏水性的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（［C4MIM］［PF6］）,从而与水相分离,通过离心收集萃取相,建立了一种基于酸性离子液体的原位泡腾辅助微萃取饮料与糖果样品中亮蓝和赤藓红的方法。考察了酸性离子液体、碳酸氢钠和盐用量对2种色素萃取效率的影响,得到最佳条件为酸性离子液体用量400 mg,碳酸氢钠用量0.4 g,盐用量1.5 g。采用最优条件,目标物亮蓝与赤藓红的质量浓度在0.005 ~ 5 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.993 3,检出限（LOD）和定量下限（LOQ）分别为0.002 ~ 0.005 μg/mL和0.007 ~ 0.017 μg/mL,日内和日间相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.2% ~ 8.7%。在0.05、0.5 μg/mL 2个加标水平下,回收率为92.2% ~ 107%。所建方法成功用于饮料和糖果样品中2种目标色素的检测。该方法环保、简单且准确,可用于饮料和糖果样品中亮蓝与赤藓红的测定。     

GC-MS同时测定番石榴叶中的齐墩果酸和熊果酸

建立了测定番石榴叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）方法.以双（三甲硅烷）三氟乙酰胺（BSTFA）为衍生化试剂,将齐墩果酸和熊果酸制成三甲基硅烷衍生物后,在DB-5 MS毛细管柱上进行分离.柱升温程序为：柱初温100 ℃,恒温保持2 min, 以10 ℃/min的速度升温至300 ℃,保持14 min.通过与标准样品对照比较保留时间和质谱确认样品中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的色谱峰.以峰面积进行定量测定,齐墩果酸和熊果酸的线性范围分别为4.1～102 μg/mL和4.7～114 μg/mL,回收率分别为77.1%和89.4%,6次平行测定的相对标准偏差分别为3.7%和3.5%.     

固相萃取净化-离子色谱测定不同生长期新鲜烟叶中的7种无机阴离子

目的 为了研究不同生长期新鲜烟叶中无机阴离子的含量和变换规律,建立了一种固相萃取净化/离子色谱方法测定新鲜烟叶中的7种无机阴离子（F-,Cl-,Br-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-,PO43-）。方法 样品经0.1 mol/L NaOH水溶液超声提取,萃取液经RP1.0cc固相萃取柱净化后,使用AS11-HC（4 mm×250 mm）色谱柱进行分离,以KOH为流动相,梯度洗脱。 结果 7种无机阴离子在0.10-5.0 μg/mL范围内具有较好的线性（r>0.996）,检出限在0.01-0.04 μg/mL之间,定量限在0.04-0.14 μg/mL之间,加标回收率为96.3%～102.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD%）在2.7%~4.8%之间。结论 方法前处理操作简单,7种无机阴离子分离好,检测灵敏准确,可用于不同生长时期新鲜烟叶样品中多种无机阴离子含量的检测分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

建立了一种测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经0.1%（v/v）甲酸水-乙腈提取,10000 r/min下离心10 min后,上清液经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化;采用离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为Thermo Scientific Acclaim TRINITY P1复合离子交换柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）,以乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,MS/MS检测,内标法定量。结果显示,氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在2.0~40.0 μg/L和1.0~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）大于0.999,方法的定量限分别为15.0和7.5 μg/kg。氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在30.0、60.0、120.0 μg/kg和15.0、30.0、60.0 μg/kg 3个水平下的加标回收率为89.24%~107.85%,相对标准偏差为3.15%~10.42%（n=6）。该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,能适用于奶粉样品的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定小麦中T-2、ZEN及DON 3种镰刀菌毒素

采用液相色谱-串联质谱建立了小麦中T-2、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和脱氧镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的测定方法。样品经80% 乙腈-水提取,氨基柱（500 mg,6 mL）杂质吸附模式净化,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相,ZORBAX Extend-C18柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）进行色谱分离;在电喷雾正离子化模式下,多反应监测方式测定。结果表明：T-2、ZEN和DON分别在0.5~500、5~500、10~2 000 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数分别为0.998 9、0.999 7和0.999 1。通过对空白小麦样品进行3个水平的加标回收实验,T-2、ZEN和DON的回收率分别为86%~94%、80%~101%和81%~105%,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为2.6%~5.5%、3.6%~8.9%和2.2%~8.1%,方法检出限分别为0.5、8.0、10.0 μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、成本低,适用于小麦中T-2、ZEN和DON的同时分析。     

UPLC－Orbitrap HRMS法同时测定食品接触用纸中23种有机抗菌剂

建立了食品接触用纸中23种抗菌剂的超高效液相色谱－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC－Orbitrap HRMS）方法。抗菌剂包含4种对羟基苯甲酸酯类和19种氯苯酚类。样品经甲醇超声提取,离心后氮吹浓缩定容,0.22 μm滤膜过滤后进行上机测定。采用色谱柱Waters Atlantis T3（150 mm × 2.1 mm,3 μm）进行分离,以甲醇－5 mmol/L乙酸铵（含0.4%乙酸）作为流动相梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾负离子（ESI－）模式电离、高分辨质谱的Full MS/dd－MS2扫描模式采集,保留时间及二级子离子质谱图双重定性,以提取离子所得色谱峰面积进行定量。4种对羟基苯甲酸酯类和19种氯苯酚类抗菌剂的定量下限分别为0.05 μg/kg和0.05 mg/kg,在0.05 ~ 5.0 ng/mL或0.05 ~5.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997。空白基质样品在3个不同浓度水平的平均加标回收率为81.7% ~ 119%,相对标准偏差为2.0% ~ 8.8%。该方法简单、便捷,可用于食品接触用纸中多种有机抗菌剂的筛查和确证。     

自制混合型小柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中有机磷酸酯代谢物和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷

建立了基于自制混合型小柱的样品净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定7种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）主要代谢产物及生物标志物8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取后用自制小柱富集净化,以乙腈-0.2%（v/v）氨水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测模式下进行定性和定量分析。结果显示,8种目标物在0.1~200 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,7种OPEs代谢物的回收率为52.36%~114.56%,8-OHdG回收率为88.63%~97.72%。将该方法应用于人体尿液实际样品中,7种OPEs代谢物和8-OHdG的检出范围分别为6.24~46.07 μg/L和5.90~16.71 μg/L,8-OHdG与7种OPEs代谢物总含量之间存在显著相关性。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、准确性好、重现性强,可为更全面地评价人体内OPEs暴露水平及机体损伤提供可靠的技术支持。     

A validated stability‐indicating ultra performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of potential process‐related impurities in eplerenone

A simple, sensitive, and accurate stability‐indicating analytical method has been developed and validated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The developed method is used to evaluate the related substances of eplerenone (EP). The degradation behavior of EP under stress conditions was determined, and the major degradants were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using an impurity‐spiked solution, and the samples, generated from forced degradation studies. The resolution of EP, its potential impurities, and its degradation products was performed on a Waters UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 4.5, methanol and acetonitrile. A photo‐diode array detector set at 245 nm was used for detection. The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min. The procedure had good specificity, linearity (0.02–3.14 μg/mL), recovery (96.1–103.9%), limit of detection (0.01–0.02 μg/mL), limit of quantitation (0.03–0.05 μg/mL), and robustness. The correction factors of the process‐related substances were calculated.     

高效液相色谱法测定葛根芩连片中的葛根素

建立高效液相色谱测定葛根芩连片中葛根素含量的方法。以体积分数50%的甲醇为提取液对样品超声提取20 min,采用DiamonsilTMC18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇–乙腈–水(体积比8∶12∶80)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为250 nm,柱温为30.0℃,进样量体积10μL。在最佳实验条件下,葛根素与其它物质能完全分离,葛根素的质量浓度在5.43~543.2μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,方法检出限为3.50μg/mL(S/N=3)。方法加标回收率为100.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=6)。该方法简单、快速、重现性好,适用于葛根芩连片中葛根素的测定。     

水发食品中痕量甲醛的测定

为建立催化动力学荧光法测定痕量甲醛的新方法,基于在酸性介质中,甲醛催化KBrO3氧化藏红T的褪色反应,使其荧光猝灭的原理,将反应体系在沸水浴中加热8 min,流水冷却3min,采用动力学荧光法测定痕量甲醛。结果表明,甲醛在0.02~0.14μg/mL范围内与△F值呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为△F=-1.642 8+274.12C(μg/mL),r=0.996 9,检出限为0.011μg/mL。该法简便,快速,常见共存物质干扰小,可用于水发食品及其它食品中甲醛含量的测定,加标回收率为84.63%~94.93%。     

Simultaneous determination of ten antiepileptic drugs in human plasma by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with positive/negative ion‐switching electrospray ionization and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring

A simple, rapid, and high‐throughput liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of ten antiepileptic drugs in human plasma has been developed and validated. The method required only 10 μL of plasma. After simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile, the analytes and internal standard diphenhydramine were separated on a Zorbax SB‐C₁₈ column (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The total run time was 6 min for each sample. The validation results of specificity, matrix effects, recovery, linearity, precision, and accuracy were satisfactory. The lower limit of quantification was 0.04 μg/mL for carbamazepine, 0.02 μg/mL for lamotrigine, 0.01 μg/mL for oxcarbazepine, 0.4 μg/mL for 10‐hydroxycarbazepine, 0.1 μg/mL for carbamazepine‐10,11‐epoxide, 0.15 μg/mL for levetiracetam, 0.06 μg/mL for phenytoin, 0.3 μg/mL for valproic acid, 0.03 μg/mL for topiramate, and 0.15 μg/mL for phenobarbital. The intraday precision and interday precision were less than 7.6%, with the accuracy ranging between –8.1 and 7.9%. The method was successfully applied to therapeutic drug monitoring of 1237 patients with epilepsy after administration of standard antiepileptic drugs. The method has been proved to meet the high‐throughput requirements in therapeutic drug monitoring.     

Determination of eprosartan mesylate and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by derivative spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods

Two new simple and selective assay methods have been presented for the analysis of eprosartan mesylate (EPR) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method is based on first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry with zero-crossing measurements at 246 and 279 nm for EPR and HCT, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 3.0-14.0 μg/mL for EPR and 1.0-12.0 μg/mL for HCT. The quantification limits for EPR and HCT were found to be 1.148 and 0.581 μg/mL, respectively, while the detection limits were 0.344 μg/mL for EPR and 0.175 μg/mL for HCT. The second method involved isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-10 mM phosphoric acid (pH 2.5) (40:60, v/v). Olmesartan was used as internal standard and the substances were detected at 272 nm. The linearity ranges were found to be 0.5-30 and 0.3-15.0 μg/mL for EPR and HCT, respectively. The limits of detection were found to be 0.121 μg/mL for EPR and 0.045 μg/mL for HCT. The limits of quantification were found to be 0.405 and 0.148 μg/mL for EPR and HCT, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of commercially available tablets with a high percentage of recovery and good accuracy and precision.     

离子色谱法测定盐酸贝那普利片的含量

建立离子色谱法测定盐酸贝那普利片含量的方法。实验中选定了最佳的色谱条件为淋洗液:甲烷磺酸(6mmol/L)-乙腈(35%),流速:1.0mL/min,柱温:25℃,进样量:7μL。实验表明,贝那普利在0.5~25μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.999 9,检测限为0.089μg/mL,加标回收率为97.96%。方法操作简单,灵敏度高、准确、重现性好,可用于盐酸贝那普利片含量的测定。     

气相色谱法测定胶粘剂中的游离甲醛

采用超声波萃取胶粘剂中游离甲醛,经2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生后用气相色谱一电子捕获检测器法测定．对提取方法、衍生化条件及色谱条件进行了研究,确定了甲醛检测的最佳条件．研究数据显示,该方法对甲醛的检出限为0．175μLg／g,在0．1～60．0μg／mL浓度范围内,线性相关系数R^2=0．9999;在1、2和8μg／mL3个添加水平下的添加回收率在98．97％-102．24％之间,5个实验室对同一样品中甲醛含量测定值的相对标准偏差为4．0％．结果表明本方法简便、快速、检测限低、回收率高、重现性好．     

气相色谱检测甘蔗中乐果和特丁磷的残留量

甘蔗经加速溶剂萃取仪萃取,应用气相色谱仪定量法检测乐果和特丁磷,建立了定量检测甘蔗中乐果和特丁磷的快速、准确、高灵敏度的方法。经方法学验证,该方法对乐果最低检出限(LOD)为0.01 mg/kg,特丁磷LOD为0.05 mg/kg。乐果和特丁磷在1.0～100.0μg/mL的线性范围内,相关系数r>0.999 9。乐果回收率为91.5%～99.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%～3.2%,特丁磷回收率为81.0%～93.2%,RSD为2.0%～3.5%。结果表明,该检测方法灵敏度高、操作简单、定量准确、测定浓度范围广,是甘蔗样品中乐果和特丁磷含量检测的理想方法。     

毛细管电泳高频电导法测定几种中药中的丁香酚

在三乙胺的弱碱性体系中, 对几种不同产地中药中的丁香酚含量进行了测定, 结果显示这几种中药中的丁香酚含量存在明显的地区差异.     

Fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography analysis of cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives

A fast and sensitive HPLC method for analysis of cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives has been developed. The influence of sample preparation conditions and the composition of the mobile phase and elution mode were investigated to optimize the separation of the eight studied components. Final conditions were 60% methanol and 40% water (v/v) extraction of the cosmetic creams. A C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm) was used as the separation column and the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.05 mol/L ammonium formate in water (pH=3.0) with gradient elution. The results showed that complete separation of the eight studied components was achieved within 10 min, the linear ranges were 1.0-200 μg/mL for phenol, 0.1-150 μg/mL for sorbic acid, 2.0-200 μg/mL for benzoic acid, 0.5-200 μg/mL for hydroquinone, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and propyl paraben, butyl paraben, and good linear correlation coefficient (≥0.9997) were obtained, the detection limit was in the range of 0.05-1.0 μg/mL, the average recovery was between 86.5% and 116.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5.0% (n=6). The method is easy, fast and sensitive, it can be employed to analyze component residues in cosmetic creams especially in a quality control setting.